scholarly journals The Covid-19 Pandemic: Limited Water Access and the Precarity of Women Fishers at Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe

2022 ◽  
pp. 002190962110696
Author(s):  
Tamuka Nhiwatiwa ◽  
Joshua Matanzima
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Water Access ◽  
Lake Kariba ◽  
The People ◽  
Multiple Uses ◽  
The Government ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Generation

Man-made reservoirs are constructed to meet certain purposes and Lake Kariba, Zimbabwe, was designed for hydroelectric power generation. However, it has developed other multiple uses, and the growth of fisheries on the lake has had a significant impact on the livelihoods of local communities. The declaration of Covid-19 as a pandemic in Zimbabwe in March 2020 was quickly followed by the imposition of national lockdowns with varying levels of severity up to the present day. This was done to curtail the spread of the disease, meanwhile enhancing the nation’s capacity in terms of acquiring testing kits, constructing more admission and quarantine centres as well as educating the people about ways to keep safe. In response to the calls by the government to monitor the movement of people and compliance of the lockdown rules, the Zimbabwe National Parks and Wildlife Management Authority (ZNPWMA), the governing body of the Lake Kariba fisheries, imposed rules that have significantly impacted the fishing communities at Lake Kariba. Both gillnet fishers and rod and line fishers have been impacted, but our focus here is on women rod and line fishers. Using the precarious livelihoods conceptual frameworks, we show how the changes in water management during the Covid-19 pandemic lockdowns has generated high levels of precariousness on the livelihoods of women at Kariba. We define precariousness as the condition of uncertainties brought to the women fishers by changes in water restrictions. The precarity of women was induced by several factors. For instance, the women fishers reported that restrictions to accessing fish in areas with high catches impacted them. They are also now obliged to pay exorbitant fishing fees in a way to discourage them to fish; they were frequently chased away from the Lake by ZNPWMA officers; they had limited amount of time to fish due to curfews; and failure to comply results in heavy fines imposed on them among other challenges. We show how these challenges interact with the current Zimbabwe socio-economic crisis to worsen the precariousness and vulnerability of women fishers at Lake Kariba. Data presented in this manuscript are based on participant observation and interviews with women fishers at Lake Kariba.

scholarly journals Alberta's Resources Negotiations and Bannf and Jasper National Parks

2008 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher Gainor
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Water Rights ◽  
Resource Development ◽  
Resource Extraction ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Background ◽  
The Government ◽  
Government Of Canada ◽  
Crown Lands

The Government of Canada retained control of Crown lands and mineral and water rights in Alberta, Saskatchewan and Manitoba until 1930 when they were transferred to the three provincial governments as a result of agreements reached in 1929. In the case of Alberta, the agreement also settled the boundaries for Banff and Jasper national parks. The national parks discussions helped establish the principle that resource extraction would not take place in national parks anywhere in Canada. This paper examines the political background to the discussions over national parks and the process for setting the boundaries of these parks, with an emphasis on a report on park boundaries that addressed resource development and wildlife management in and near the parks, issues that parks administrators continue to face today.

scholarly journals ALTERNATIF PENYELESAIAN KONFLIK TENURIAL DI WILAYAH HUTAN HARAPAN

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Gusti Ayulia Mustika Weni ◽  
Indra Gumay Febryano ◽  
Hari Kaskoyo ◽  
Irwan Sukri Banuwa
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Community Empowerment ◽  
Forest Monitoring ◽  
Research Approach ◽  
Land Conflicts ◽  
Plant Seeds ◽  
Education And Health ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Partnership Program

Forestry partnership is a social forestry scheme as an attempt resolution of conflict society and permit holders. The objective of the research to explain the forestry partnership program conducted by PT REKI and the people of Dusun Kunangan Jaya I. This research used a qualitative research approach. The methods of data collection include in-depth interviews, participant observation, and document studies. The results of the research showed a forestry partnership carried out by PT REKI and KTH Berkah Jaya, KTH Bungin Mandiri and indigenous people of Batin Sembilan. The agroforestry pattern is applied to partnership lands. The percentage of forestry partnership outcomes, 85% for the community and 15% for PT REKI. The rights and obligations that have not been achieved have an impact on hampering agroforestry management. The limited funding of  PT REKI, which depends on donors as a source of income causing the forestry partnership program has not been maximized. PT REKI in supporting forestry partnership provides various facilities including the provision of forestry plant seeds, cattle, education, and health services community empowerment. The rejection of forestry partnership cooperation carried out by most of the community because of mismatch between the expectation of community and PT REKI. The performance of the government in forest monitoring needs to be improved to support forestry partnerships to cut down land conflicts while improving community welfare.Forestry partnership is a social forestry scheme as an attempt resolution of conflict society and permit holders. The objective of the research to explain the forestry partnership program conducted by PT REKI and the people of Dusun Kunangan Jaya I. This research used a qualitative research approach. The methods of data collection include in-depth interviews, participant observation and document studies. The results of the research showed a forestry partnership carried out by PT REKI and KTH Berkah Jaya, KTH Bungin Mandiri and indigenous people of Batin Sembilan. The agroforestry pattern is applied to partnership lands. The percentage of forestry partnership outcomes, 85% for the community and 15% for PT REKI. The rights and obligations that have not been achieved have an impact on hampering agroforestry management. The limited funding of  PT REKI, which depend on donors as a source of income causing the forestry partnership program has not been maximized. PT REKI in supporting forestry partnership provides various facilities including the provision of forestry plant seeds, cattle, education and health services community empowerment. The rejection of forestry partnership cooperation carried out by most of the community because of mismatch between the expectation of community and PT REKI. The performance of the government in forest monitoring needs to be improved to support forestry partnership to cut down land conflicts while improving community welfare.

scholarly journals New Look in Indonesia

Oryx ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
John Blower
Keyword(s):  
Nature Conservation ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Nature Reserves ◽  
Timber Production ◽  
Conservation Programme ◽  
Management Plans ◽  
Management Project ◽  
The Government

Indonesia, a land of forests, is still rich in wildlife, with tigers, rhinos, orang-utans and even elephants still surviving despite the enormous pressures of human population. But saving the wildlife means preserving large areas of forest, and timber is Indonesia's second largest export. However, the Government has now committed itself to a conservation programme that includes the promise of 100,000 sq km of nature reserves by 1984. Since 1974 John Blower has been in charge of a UNDP/FAO Nature Conservation and Wildlife Management Project, selecting areas for conservation in national parks and other reserves, and drafting legislation and management plans. WWF has promised $1 million to support the schemes. The author has high hopes that Indonesia/s foresters are coming to realise that conservation and sustained-yield timber production can be combined to the benefit of both.

scholarly journals Managing wildlife successfully in Zimbabwe

Oryx ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 29 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Graham Child
Keyword(s):  
Protected Areas ◽  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Wildlife Conservation ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Life Management ◽  
The People ◽  
History Of ◽  
Wild Life

Zimbabwe's approach to wildlife conservation started to change radically just over 30 years ago. Recognition of the fact that wildlife will only survive outside protected areas if the people who share the habitat are given responsibility for and derive benefits from wildlife has had positive effects for the conservation of the macrofauna. The author, the country's former Director of National Parks and Wild Life Management, describes the history of wildlife management in Zimbabwe and how the new approach is working.

scholarly journals Communication Vices that Engender Development: Oxymoronic Relevance of Social Media Use in Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 121-136
Author(s):  
Chukwuma Anyanwu ◽  
Elo Ibagere
Keyword(s):  
Social Media ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Information Gathering ◽  
Citizen Journalism ◽  
Development Communication ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Observation Method ◽  
And Control

The Nigerian journalist has lost his monopoly of information gathering, dissemination and control with the involvement of citizens in ‘journalism’ through social media especially Whatsapp. The objective of this paper is to show how through social media, with emphasis on Whatsapp, Nigerian citizens have been able to find their voices and can now contribute to societal well-being and development by embarking on information gathering and reporting. It uses participant-observation method to interrogate how citizen journalism has engendered development via negative journalism practice. The findings indicate that the government and other relevant stakeholders in the society respond to the voices of the people on issues which ordinarily would have been muted by conventional journalism practice or ignored by government. It concludes that citizen journalism through unconscious and unprofessional practice engenders development by somehow making government accountable through its response to issues of concern in areas that would otherwise, have been muted. Keywords: social media, citizen journalism, development, communication vices, Whatspp, Nigeria

scholarly journals Rhinos—and other Problems—in Nepal

Oryx ◽  
1973 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 270-280
Author(s):  
John Blower
Keyword(s):  
National Parks ◽  
Wildlife Management ◽  
Human Population ◽  
Technical Assistance ◽  
Development Programme ◽  
Small Country ◽  
Assistance Programme ◽  
The World ◽  
The Government ◽  
Nations Development

Ten million cattle and 4½ million sheep and goats, all increasing by nearly 2 per cent every year, combined with a rapidly increasing human population, pose severe problems for good land management in Nepal. But this small country, not much larger than England but with a dramatic and unique range of habitats, from low-lying swamps to the highest mountains in the world, has now embarked on a conservation programme aided by the United Nations Development Programme and the World Wildlife Fund. Plans have been drawn up for four new national parks, covering over 1000 square miles—one including Everest has been approved by the Government—and four new wildlife reserves. Between them these would ensure the survival of most of Nepal's endangered species, including Indian rhino and elephant, tiger, gaur, and both snow and clouded leopards. The author, well known for his conservation work in Africa, has been since 1970 FAO Adviser to the Nepal Government on national parks and wildlife management, under the UN Technical Assistance Programme.

scholarly journals The stimulants and obstacles with regard to social resources for M’nong people in resettlement area and affected area by Buon Tua Srah hydroelectric power plant, Lak district, Dak Lak province

2019 ◽  
Vol 128 (6B) ◽  
pp. 103
Author(s):  
Pham Trong Luong
Keyword(s):  
Family Relationships ◽  
Poverty Reduction ◽  
Hydroelectric Power Plant ◽  
Social Resources ◽  
Hydropower Plant ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
Motivating Factors ◽  
Affected Area ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government

<p>While human resources are considered as key factors, social resources are breakthroughs for sustainable poverty reduction and famine elimination. For the M'nong in the area of Buon Tua Srah hydropower plant, Lak district, the establishment of a social network is very important, from which they have the opportunities and benefits to stick together in pursuit of developing sustainable livelihoods and improving the quality of life. Although there are significant signs of the motivating factors such as the good family relationships and clans; the limitation of out-of-date traditional customs; the good relationship between the people and the government, M'nong people are facing the obstacles such as the lack of knowledge and working skills; the unclear and ineffective activities of social organizations; the low training courses, etc.</p>This study identifies stimulants and obstacles regarding social resources in the livelihood development for M'nong people in resettlement and affected area at Buon Tua Srah hydropower plant.

scholarly journals PENGELOLAAN AIR BERSIH DI DESA BANTANE KECAMATAN RAINIS KABUPATEN TALAUD

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-66
Author(s):  
Astrid Mamiloto ◽  
Veronika Salem ◽  
Zoni Singal
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Social Benefits ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
Public Facilities ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
Village Government ◽  
The Village

The  problem in the research i did was about the allocation of water to various sector in order  to get optimal social benefits ,the long queues of commonity members when queuing to take water became  a phenomenon that is seen every day in bantane village,the  village goverment has not made any efforts to date .deal with this in this study using qualitative research methods with data collectoin techniques participant  observation  and interviews.and based on the result of the study it was found that the management of clean water in bantane village has been an obstacle so far because of the nature  of the people who do not take care and always put their own interests and trouble other residents,namely destroying public facilities for private use and the government has allowed this for years and is not repaired for reasons of non-existent funding so that  every community has problems with clean water,the village government often does no care or find a solution regarding this for some members of the community.thare is no difference in clean water when it is processed by the community and when it is processed by the government.

scholarly journals Militia Counterinsurgency: Perspective on the Motivations of Civilian Joint Task Force Militia Participation in Northern Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 124-134
Author(s):  
Modu Lawan Gana
Keyword(s):  
Task Force ◽  
Participant Observation ◽  
Islamic State ◽  
Boko Haram ◽  
Economic Interests ◽  
Lake Chad ◽  
The People ◽  
Joint Task ◽  
Joint Task Force ◽  
The Government

Since the year 2013, Nigeria’s northeastern region epicenter of the Boko Haram Islamist insurgency waging war for the establishment of an Islamic State has witnessed mass participation of people in a civil militia group. The militia group colloquially describing itself Civilian Joint Task Force (CJTF) was formed to combat the Boko Haram rebellion. Perhaps, the participation of the CJTF in the combating activities was reportedly influential in reducing the Boko Haram hostilities in most communities. Prior to the CJTF, the counterinsurgency approaches of the Nigerian governments’ Special Joint Task Force and the Multinational Joint Task Force of the Member States of Lake Chad Basin Commission was faced with lackadaisical performances. Whereas the CJTF was reportedly successful, however, the interrupted participation of the people despite the attendant human and material cost has risen suspicion among the population and the critical literature about the groups’ true motivation. This article, therefore, investigated the motivations of the CJTF in northeastern Nigeria. The study was conducted through a qualitative approach designed in a case study. The data was collected from thirteen informants from three groups - CJTF, Community Leaders and State/Local Government authorities. The technique of data collection is in-depth interviews and non-participant observation. The finding revealed personal incentive factors of monetary/material gains, and the futuristic interest of employability drives peoples’ participation. To address the economic interests of the CJTF and as a panacea to prevent the manifestation of the security threats associated with the CJTF group, the study recommends for the establishment of charity centers to receive contributions from well to do citizens to ameliorate the economic needs of the participants. The government should also propound strong legal mechanisms to regulate the activities of the CJTF militia.

scholarly journals Dampak Penambangan Pasir Besi Di Desa Bandungharjo, Banyumanis Dan Ujungwatu Kabupaten Jepara Menurut UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 Tentang Perlindungan Dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suroto Suroto ◽  
Gunarto Gunarto
Keyword(s):  
Participant Observation ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Sand Mining ◽  
Policy Conflict ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mining Policy ◽  
The People ◽  
The Government ◽  
State Of Affairs

ABSTRAKKebijakan penambangan pasir besi merupakan sebuah kebijakan yang menuai konflik. Ada perbedaan kepentingan antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat. Seperti yang terjadi di Desa Bandungharjo Kabupaten Jepara. Pemerintah mewacanakan sebuah kebijakan yang menuai konflik, yaitu pembangunan area transmigrasi Ring I di lahan pesisir, tepatnya di Pesisir Desa Bandungharjo Kecamatan Donorojo. masyarakat yang menolak kebijakan kemudian membentuk sebuah kelompok, yaitu Paguyupan Petani Lahan Pantai (PPLP). Pemerintah telah mencoba untuk melakukan pendekatan dengan kelompok ini. Selain melakukan pendekatan kepada kelompok yang kontra, pemerintah juga melakukan pendekatan pada kelompok yang pro. Penelitian ini menggunakan jenis kualitatif dengan metode studi kasus. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan wawancara serta observasi non-partisipan untuk data primer dan melalui pelacakan dokumen atau literatur pendukung untuk mendapatkan data sekunder. Kedua data ini digunakan untuk saling meng-cross cheek agar hasilnya lebih valid. Penelitian ini menemukan bahwa konflik kebijakan penambangan pasir besi terjadi karena adanya perbedaan persepsi antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat atas pengelolaan tanah. pemerintah berusaha untuk memaksa masyarakat, sementara masyarakat berusaha untuk melawan pemerintah. Keadaan terebut menimbulkan konflik vertikal, antara pemerintah dengan masyarakat. Dalam perkembangannya, dinamika konflik terjadi ketika pemerintah berusaha untuk menyelesaikan konflik tersebut. Pemerintah tidak menggunakan cara yang demokratis melainkan tindak kekerasan baik fisik atau pun non fisik dilakukan pemerintah untuk meredam suara masyarakat yang kontra terhadap kebijakan. Dalam melakukan teror dan intimidasi, pemerintah juga melibatkan aktor lain seperti birokrasi maupun investor. Sementara itu, untuk kelompok yang pro, pemerintah melakukan pendekatan dengan memberikan informasi maupun sosialisai. Implikasi yang timbul kemudian adalah muncul konflik yang lebih luas, yaitu konflik antara masyarakat yang pro dan yang kontra terhadap kebijakan.Keyword:��� Pertambangan pasir, konflik sosial, dampak kebijakan, UU No. 32 Tahun 2009.ABSTRACTThe iron sand mining policy is a conflicting policy. There is a difference of interest between government and society. As happened in the Bandungharjo Village of Jepara Regency. The Government discourses a policy that reap the conflict, namely the development of transmigration area Ring I in coastal areas, precisely in the Coastal of Bandungharjo Village in Donorojo District. People who rejected the policy then formed a group, namely Paguyupan Petani Lahan Pantai (PPLP). The government has tried to approach this group. In addition to approaching the counter-group, the government also approaches pro-groups.This is qualitative research with case study method. Data collection was done by interviewing and non-participant observation for primary data and by tracking documents or supporting literature to obtain secondary data. Both of these data are used to cross-check each other to make the result more valid.This study finds that iron sand mining policy conflict occurs because of differences in perception between government and society over land management. The government try to force the people, while the public try to fight the government. This state of affairs leads to vertical conflict, between government and society. In its development, conflict dynamics occurs when the government seeks to resolve the conflict. The government does not use democratic way to solve the problems, but acts of violence, whether physical or non-physical, is carried out by the government to decrease the voice of the people who are against the policy. In conducting terror and intimidation, the government also involves other actors such as bureaucracy as well as investors. Meanwhile, for pro groups, the government approaches by providing information and socialization. The subsequent implication is that there is a wider conflict, the conflict between the pro and the counter to the policy.Keyword:��� Sand mining, social conflict, policy impact.

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