Synergistic effect of glass bead and glass fiber on the crystalline structure, thermal stability, and mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polyamide 6 composites

2021 ◽  
pp. 002199832110541
Author(s):  
Emel Kuram
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Crystalline Structure ◽  
Glass Bead ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Polyamide 6 ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Flow Index

The effect of filler amount and kind on the crystalline structure, thermal stability, and mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of polyamide 6 (PA6) was studied in this research. Glass bead and glass fiber were chosen as mineral fillers. They were incorporated to PA6 solely or in mixed formulations at different proportions (hybrid composites). Tensile strain, tensile strength, impact strength, flexural strain, flexural strength, melt flow index, crystallite size, and thermal degradation parameters were determined for all composites. The addition of glass bead or glass fiber increased the brittleness of pure PA6. The incorporation of glass fiber to pure PA6 improved flexural, impact, and tensile strengths, and mixing of glass bead with pure PA6 polymer caused deterioration of both (tensile and flexural) strengths, but enhanced impact strength. Among hybrid composites, the highest flexural, tensile, and impact strength values were achieved with 15 wt% glass bead and 15 wt% glass fiber content. The addition of glass bead and/or glass fiber to PA6 polymer caused a decrement in melt flow index value. X-ray diffraction results indicated that pure PA6 polymer had α- and γ-crystalline forms, and the reinforcement of glass bead or glass fiber would induce the crystallization into γ-form. It was also found that the incorporation of glass bead or glass fiber influenced the lamellar thickness, and pure PA6 gave thicker lamellar crystal than that of glass bead/fiber-reinforced PA6 and its hybrid composites. Higher thermal stability with glass bead or glass fiber incorporation was found as compared to pure PA6 polymer.

Comparison of Melt Flow and Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk and Kenaf Hybrid Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 701 ◽  
pp. 42-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Aziz Noor Zuhaira ◽  
Rahmah Mohamed
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Natural Fibers ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Silica Content ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Melt Flow

This research is to identify the difference in melt flow and mechanical properties in hybrid composites between kenaf and rice husk that each of the filler was compounded with composite material of calcium carbonate (CaCO3) and high density polyethylene (HDPE) in different loading amount. Different filler loading up to 30 parts of kenaf fibers and rice husk particulate were mixed with the fixed 30% amount of CaCO3. Compounded hybrid composite were prepared and tested for melt flow index, tensile and impact strength. Addition of both fillers had decreased melt flow index (MFI). MFI of rice husk/CaCO3 was higher than kenaf/CaCO3 in HDPE composites. Tensile strength, elongation at break and impact properties of both hybrid composites had decreased with increasing filler content. Tensile strength of kenaf/CaCO3 was higher than rice husk/CaCO3 due to intrinsic fiber structure of kenaf which has some reinforcing effect compared to rice husk. While, impact strength of rice husk/CaCO3 was improved with addition of filler but drastically decrease as the rice husk content were increased up to 30% due to high silica content in rice husk. The Youngs Modulus was increased with addition of natural fibers in CaCO3/HDPE composite.

Investigation the mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties of acrylonitrile butadiene styrene blends with different recycling number content

2017 ◽  
Vol 232 (4) ◽  
pp. 449-458 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ibrahim Hamarat ◽  
Emel Kuram ◽  
Babur Ozcelik
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Recycled Polymer ◽  
Recycled Material ◽  
Butadiene Styrene

In this study, acrylonitrile butadiene styrene polymer was exposed to 12 injection cycles to investigate the influence of recycling number on the mechanical, rheological, and morphological properties. Also, binary and ternary blends including different weight percentages and recycling number of virgin–recycled polymers were prepared. A slight decrement was found in the tensile strength values with recycling number. All blends including recycled polymer (binary or ternary) gave lower tensile strength values with respect to 100% virgin polymer. Strain at break value was decreased after twelve times recycling; however, no clear tendency was observed with the presence of different ratios of virgin polymer to recycled polymer. Impact strength of the polymer decreased with recycling number. There was relatively large drop in the third recycling, from 72 kJ/m2 to 38.5 kJ/m2; however, further recycling induced in a slower drop in the impact strength to 32.5 kJ/m2. All blends including recycled material gave lower impact strength values as compared to 100% virgin polymer. It was observed that the melt flow index values increased with the recycling number, a total of 26.53% after twelve times recycling. All blends containing recycled material showed higher melt flow index values as compared to 100% virgin polymer.

Evaluation of polypropylene hybrid composites containing glass fiber and basalt powder

2018 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 281-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mateusz Barczewski ◽  
Danuta Matykiewicz ◽  
Olga Mysiukiewicz ◽  
Paweł Maciejewski
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Thermoplastic Composite ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Index Test ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Inorganic Fillers

AbstractPolypropylene composites filled with inorganic fillers are widely used due to their good mechanical and thermal properties. The modification efficiency of filler incorporated into thermoplastic polymer strongly depends on its shape and dimension. Therefore, the development of novel hybrid composites modified with particle and fibrous shaped fillers expands the range of thermoplastic composite applications. This work investigates the influence of glass fiber and basalt powder and their shape on the mechanical properties of polypropylene-based composites. Mechanical properties of hybrid composites were evaluated using static tensile test, impact resistance, and hardness measurements. The thermomechanical stability of the materials was evaluated via dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. Results indicated that the incorporation of inorganic fillers significantly improved the composite sample stiffness at a wide range of temperatures. The research was complemented with structure investigations realized using scanning electron microscopy. Moreover, the incorporation of basalt powder, which is well known for its low friction coefficient, improved the processing properties, as proven by the melt flow index test.

Effects of Calcium Carbonate on Melt Flow and Mechanical Properties of Rice Husk/HDPE and Kenaf/HDPE Hybrid Composites

2013 ◽  
Vol 795 ◽  
pp. 286-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abd Aziz Noor Zuhaira ◽  
Mohamed Rahmah
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Calcium Carbonate ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Rice Husk ◽  
Hybrid Composite ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Melt Flow

In this research, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) was compounded with rice husk/high density polyethylene (HDPE) and kenaf/HDPE composite at different filler loadings to produce hybrid composites. Melt flow index (MFI) and mechanical properties of hybrid composite was investigated. From the test results, the addition of CaCO3 filler had decreased melt flow index (MFI) on both composites. In terms of mechanical properties, tensile strength, elongation at break and impact strength decreased, whereas Youngs Modulus increased with the increase of CaCO3 in both kenaf/HDPE and rice husk/HDPE composites. Impact strength of unfilled rice husk/HDPE composite was lower than unfilled kenaf/HDPE composite, however impact strength of CaCO3/rice husk/HDPE hybrid composite were found to have slightly higher than CaCO3/kenaf/HDPE hybrid composite with addition of 10% and 20% of CaCO3.

Effect of bentonite clay and polypropylene matrix on the properties of silk and glass fiber-reinforced hybrid composites

2019 ◽  
pp. 089270571987823 ◽  
Author(s):  
Md RH Mazumder ◽  
F Numera ◽  
A Al-Asif ◽  
M Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Young’S Modulus ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Young's Modulus ◽  
Flexural Modulus ◽  
Bentonite Clay

Present research investigates the effect of bentonite clay and polypropylene (PP) matrix on the properties of silk and glass fiber hybrid composites. Three types of composite were prepared with 10 wt% silk and fiber at 1:1 ratio using hot press machine. In two composites commercial and recycled PP were used as matrix, while in third composite bentonite clay was added to silk and glass-reinforced commercial PP. Mechanical (tensile, flexural, impact, and hardness) tests, water absorption test, and thermogravimetric analysis were subsequently conducted. Tensile strength, flexural modulus, and hardness decreased, whereas Young’s modulus, impact strength, water absorption, and thermal stability increased with the addition of bentonite clay. On the other hand, change of matrix from commercial PP to recycled PP increased Young’s modulus, flexural strength, impact strength, and thermal stability and decreased tensile strength, flexural modulus, and hardness.

Characterization of ultrasound-treated oil palm empty fruit bunch-glass fiber-recycled polypropylene hybrid composites

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad R. Islam ◽  
Makson Rivai ◽  
Arun Gupta ◽  
Mohammad Dalour H. Beg
Keyword(s):  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Treatment Time ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Impact Testing ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Empty Fruit Bunch ◽  
Scanning Calorimetry ◽  
Recycled Polypropylene

Abstract Glass fiber (GF) and ultrasound-treated oil palm empty fruit bunch (EFB) were used to prepare recycled polypropylene (RPP)-based hybrid composites through the extrusion and injection molding technique. The ultrasound technique was used to remove the lignin and other surface impurities from the EFB fiber by varying the treatment conditions (treatment time and temperature). A fixed concentration (10%) of NaOH solution was used as the treatment medium. Fiber loading was considered as 40%, while EFB and GF ratio was maintained as 70:30. Two types of coupling agents of maleic anhydride grafted PP (MAPP), Polybond and Fusabond, were used, each of an amount 2.5% (of the total fiber content), to improve the interfacial adhesion between fibers and matrix. Composites were characterized through density, melt flow index (MFI), tensile, flexural and Izod impact testing. In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were also performed to evaluate the thermal and morphological properties, respectively. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to evaluate the crystalline structure of the samples. Finally, water uptake (WU) measurement was performed for 180 days of soaking period. Result analyses revealed improved mechanical, thermal and crystalline properties, with reduced WU as the outcome of treatment and coupling agent effects.

scholarly journals Enhancement of mechanical, thermal and water uptake performance of TPU/jute fiber green composites via chemical treatments on fiber surface

e-Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 133-143 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tuffaha Fathe Salem ◽  
Seha Tirkes ◽  
Alinda Oyku Akar ◽  
Umit Tayfun
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Mechanical Test ◽  
Fiber Surface ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Jute Fiber ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Melt Flow ◽  
Treatment Type

AbstractChopped jute fiber (JF) surfaces were modified using alkaline, silane and eco-grade epoxy resin. Surface characteristics of jute fibers were confirmed by FTIR and EDX analyses. JF filled polyurethane elastomer (TPU) composites were prepared via extrusion process. The effect of surface modifications of JF on mechanical, thermo-mechanical, melt-flow, water uptake and morphological properties of TPU-based eco-composites were investigated by tensile and hardness tests, dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA), melt flow index (MFI) test, water absorption measurements and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) techniques, respectively. Mechanical test results showed that silane and epoxy treated JF additions led to increase in tensile strength, modulus and hardness of TPU. Glass transition temperature (Tg) of TPU rose up to higher values after JF inclusions regardless of treatment type. Si-JF filled TPU exhibited the lowest water absorption among composites. Surface treated JFs displayed homogeneous dispersion into TPU and their surface were covered by TPU according to SEM micro-photographs.

Renewable resources-based PTT [poly(trimethylene terephthalate)]/switchgrass fiber composites: The effect of compatibilization

2012 ◽  
Vol 85 (3) ◽  
pp. 521-532 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeevan Prasad Reddy ◽  
Manjusri Misra ◽  
Amar Mohanty
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Impact Strength ◽  
Renewable Resources ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Mechanical Analysis ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Methylene Diphenyl Diisocyanate ◽  
Trimethylene Terephthalate ◽  
The Impact

In this research, switchgrass (SG) fiber-reinforced poly(trimethylene terephthalate) (PTT) biocomposites were prepared by extrusion followed by injection molding machine. The methylene-diphenyl-diisocyanate-polybutadiene (MDIPB) prepolymer was used to enhance the impact strength of the biocomposites. In addition, the polymeric methylene-diphenyl-diisocyanate (PMDI) compatibilizer was used to enhance the mechanical properties of the composites. The effect of compatibilizer on mechanical, crystallization melting, thermomechanical, melt flow index (MFI), morphological, and thermal stability properties of the composites was studied. Thermomechanical properties of the biocomposites were studied by dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to observe the interfacial adhesion between the fiber and matrix. The results showed that MDIPB and PMDI have a significant effect on the mechanical properties of the composites. The impact strength of MDIPB- and PMDI-compatibilized composites was increased by 87 % when compared to the uncompatibilized composite.

Comparison of mechanical and morphological properties of 3-D printed functional prototypes: Multi and hybrid blended thermoplastic matrix

2020 ◽  
pp. 089270572092513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sudhir Kumar ◽  
Rupinder Singh ◽  
TP Singh ◽  
Ajay Batish
Keyword(s):  
Fused Deposition Modeling ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Tensile Specimen ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Fused Deposition ◽  
Type Iv ◽  
Deposition Modeling ◽  
American Society ◽  
Functional Prototype

This article reports the comparison for mechanical and morphological properties of 3-D printed tensile specimen with fused deposition modeling by using multiblended and hybrid blended polylactic acid (PLA) matrix. The multiblended PLA matrix was 3-D printed as tensile specimen (as per American Society for Testing and Materials 638 type IV) comprising of 06 layers (01 layer PLA + 01 layer of PLA + polyvinyl chloride + 02 layers of PLA + wood powder + 02 layers of PLA + Fe3O4) each with layer thickness of 0.53 mm. The hybrid blended PLA matrix was also 3-D printed with similar dimensions and printing conditions. The composition/proportion of hybrid blended and multimaterial blended matrix has been selected on the basis of similar melt flow index (MFI) range and the final matrix was compared on basis of equal number of layers (06), similar rheological range (MFI: 40–45 g/10 min) and volume of product (same dimension of prototype). The results of study suggested that the 3-D printed functional prototype of multiblended PLA matrix has better mechanical and morphological properties than hybrid blended PLA matrix. The peak strength and break strength of hybrid blend-based prototype were observed to be 29.56 MPa and 26.60 MPa, respectively, whereas for the multimaterial-based functional prototypes, it was 46.28 MPa and 41.65 MPa, respectively. The results are also supported with scanning electron microscopy-based images, 3-D rendered images, and energy-dispersive X-ray analysis analysis.

Mechanical and Morphological Properties of Sisal/Glass Fiber-Polypropylene Composites

2008 ◽  
Vol 47-50 ◽  
pp. 486-489 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kasama Jarukumjorn ◽  
Nitinat Suppakarn ◽  
Jongrak Kluengsamrong
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Glass Fiber ◽  
Natural Fiber ◽  
Hybrid Composites ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Fiber Reinforced ◽  
Polypropylene Composites ◽  
Specific Strength ◽  
Fiber Reinforced Polymer Composites

Natural fiber reinforced polymer composites became more attractive due to their light weight, high specific strength, biodegradability. However, some limitations e.g. low modulus, poor moisture resistance were reported. The mechanical properties of natural fiber reinforced composites can be improved by hybridization with synthetic fibers such as glass fiber. In this research, mechanical properties of short sisal-PP composites and short sisal/glass fiber hybrid composites were studied. Polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride (PP-g-MA) was used as a compatibilizer to enhance the compatibility between the fibers and polypropylene. Effect of weight ratio of sisal and glass fiber at 30 % by weight on the mechanical properties of the composites was investigated. Morphology of fracture surface of each composite was also observed.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document