scholarly journals Family History of MI, Smoking, and Risk of Periodontal Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 97 (10) ◽  
pp. 1106-1113 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y.H. Yu ◽  
L. Doucette-Stamm ◽  
J. Rogus ◽  
K. Moss ◽  
R.Y.L. Zee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Health Study ◽  
History Of

Periodontal disease (PD) shares common risk factors with cardiovascular disease. Our hypothesis was that having a family history of myocardial infarction (FamHxMI) may be a novel risk factor for PD. Risk assessment based on FamHxMI, conditional on smoking status, was examined given the strong influence of smoking on PD. Exploratory analysis with inflammatory biomarkers and genetic determinants was conducted to understand potential mechanistic links. The Women’s Genome Health Study (WGHS) is a prospective cohort of US female health care professionals who provided blood samples at baseline in the Women’s Health Study, a 2 × 2 factorial clinical trial investigating vitamin E and aspirin in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer. PD was ascertained via self-report over 12 y of follow-up. Prevalence (3,442 cases), incidence (1,365 cases), and survival analysis of PD were investigated for associations of FamHxMI as well as in strata of FamHxMI by smoking. Kruskal-Wallis, chi-square tests, multivariate regression, and Cox proportional hazard models were used for the analyses. In the WGHS, women with FamHxMI showed higher risk of ever having PD. A particularly high-risk group of having both FamHxMI and smoking at baseline was highlighted in the prevalence and risk of developing PD. PD risk increased according to the following strata: no FamHxMI and nonsmokers (reference), FamHxMI and nonsmokers (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.2, 95% CI = 1.0 to 1.5), smokers without FamHxMI (HR = 1.3, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.5), and smokers with FamHxMI (HR = 1.5, 95% CI = 1.2 to 1.8). An independent analysis by the dental Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities study ( N = 5,552) identified more severe periodontitis cases among participants in the high-risk group (smokers with FamHxMI). Further examination of interactions among inflammatory biomarkers or genetic exploration with FamHxMI did not explain the risk increase of PD associated with FamHxMI in the WGHS. Future efforts based on an integrative-omics approach may facilitate validation of these findings and suggest a mechanistic link between PD and FamHxMI.

Ten-year Cardiovascular Disease Risk Amongst Workers in a Tertiary Healthcare Institution in Kuala Lumpur

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-45
Author(s):  
Norfazilah Ahmad ◽  
Santhna Letchmi Panduragan ◽  
Chong Hong Soon ◽  
Kalaiarasan Gemini ◽  
Yee San Khor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Diastolic Blood Pressure ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Tertiary Healthcare

  Strategising, which is an effective workplace intervention to curb cardiovascular disease (CVD), requires understanding of the CVD risk related to a specific working population. The Framingham Risk Score (FRS) is widely used in predicting the ten-year CVD risk of various working populations. This study aimed to use FRS to determine the ten-year CVD risk amongst workers in a tertiary healthcare setting and its associated factors. A cross-sectional study was conducted on workers who participated in the special health check programme at the staff clinic of a tertiary healthcare institution in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. A set of data sheets was used to retrieve the workers’ sociodemographic and CVD risk information. The prevalence of high, moderate and low ten-year CVD risk was 12.8%, 20.0% and 67.2%, respectively. Workers in the high-risk group were older [mean age: 54.81 (standard deviation, 5.72) years], male (44%), smokers (72.7%) and having hyperglycaemia (46.7%) and hypertriglyceridemia [median triglycerides: 1.75 (interquartile range, 1.45) mmol/L]. Diastolic blood pressure (aOR 1.07, 95% CI: 1.01,1.14), hyperglycaemia (aOR 8.80, 95% CI: 1.92,40.36) and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR 4.45, 95% CI: 1.78,11.09) were significantly associated with high ten-year CVD risk. Diastolic blood pressure (aOR 1.08, 95% CI: 1.03,1.13) and hypertriglyceridemia (aOR 2.51, 95% CI: 1.12-5.61) were significantly associated with moderate ten-year CVD risk. The prevalence of high and moderate ten-year CVD risk was relatively high. Amongst the workers in the high-risk group, they were older, male, smokers and with high fasting blood sugar and triglyceride. Understanding the ten-year CVD risk and its associated factors could be used to plan periodic workplace health assessment and monitor to prevent CVD.

The sleep macroarchitecture of children at risk for depression recruited in sleep centers

2012 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 168-173 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. Bat-Pitault ◽  
D. Da Fonseca ◽  
S. Cortese ◽  
Y. Le Strat ◽  
L. Kocher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Depressive Episode ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Sleep Stage ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Sleep Efficiency ◽  
History Of

AbstractObjectiveThe primary aim of this study was to compare the sleep macroarchitecture of children and adolescents whose mothers have a history of depression with children and adolescents whose mothers do not.MethodPolysomnography (PSG) and Holter electroencephalogram (EEG) were used to compare the sleep architecture of 35 children whose mothers had at least one previous depressive episode (19 boys, aged 4–18 years, “high-risk” group) and 25 controls (13 males, aged 4–18 years, “low-risk” group) whose mothers had never had a depressive episode. The total sleep time, wakefulness after sleep onset (WASO), sleep latency, sleep efficiency, number of awakenings per hour of sleep, percentages of time spent in each sleep stage, rapid eye movement (REM) latency and the depressive symptoms of participants were measured.ResultsIn children (4–12 years old), the high-risk group exhibited significantly more depressive symptoms than controls (P = 0.02). However, PSG parameters were not significantly different between high-risk children and controls. In adolescents (13–18 years old), the high-risk subjects presented with significantly more depressive symptoms (P = 0.003), a significant increase in WASO (P = 0.019) and a significant decrease in sleep efficiency compared to controls (P = 0.009).ConclusionThis study shows that children and adolescents born from mothers with a history of at least one depressive episode had significantly more depressive symptoms than controls. However, only high-risk adolescents presented with concurrent alterations of sleep macroarchitecture.

scholarly journals Assessment of the relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disorders: a questionnaire-based study

2016 ◽  
Vol 89 (4) ◽  
pp. 534-541 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anca Ionel ◽  
Ondine Lucaciu ◽  
Cosmina Bondor ◽  
Minodora Moga ◽  
Aranka Ilea ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Family History ◽  
Periodontal Disease ◽  
Sport Activity ◽  
Fresh Fruit ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
History Of ◽  
Smoking Duration

Background and aims. Periodontitis is an inflammatory disease, characterized by the loss of connective tissue and alveolar bone. There is an increasing evidence that periodontitis is associated with a number of chronic diseases. The aim of this study was to analyze the correlation between periodontitis and certain systemic diseases by identifying their risk factors in a population from North-West Romania.Methods. A questionnaire-based study was conducted on participants ≥45 years of age in 4 dentistry or family medicine practices from the Cluj and Bihor counties, Romania, over a time frame spanning two months. The interviewer-administered questionnaire included 42 items assessing risk factors for periodontal and cardiovascular disease, current diagnostic and medical treatment of the participants, their diet and oral hygiene habits.Results. Of 108 participants included in the study, 63 (58.3%) declared a previous diagnosis of periodontitis. A significant difference was observed between the participants with declared diagnosis of periodontitis (PD+) and participants without declared diagnosis of periodontitis (PD-) for fresh fruit consumption (p=0.01) and increased sport activity (p=0.009). A significant difference between groups was observed in the case of smoking duration (p=0.047), participants with >10 years of smoking were more likely to declare a diagnosis of periodontitis. Also, PD+ participants were more likely to have a family history of periodontal disease (p<0.001). Multivariate analyses suggested periodontitis as a predictive variable for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease with an OR of 4.85 (95% confidence interval 1.01–23.29, p=0.049).Conclusion. Our study found a statistically significant association between periodontal disease and a known family history of periodontal disorders and smoking duration. Daily intake of fresh fruit and increased sport activities were found to be protective factors against periodontal disease, while periodontitis was found as a risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Contribution of Religion/spirituality and Major Depressive Disorder to Altruism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Neugebauer ◽  
Priya Wickramaratne ◽  
Connie Svob ◽  
Clayton McClintock ◽  
Marc J. Gameroff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depressive Disorder ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Major Depressive

Background. In most studies, religiosity and spirituality (R/S) are positively associated with altruism, whereas depression is negatively associated. However, the cross-sectional designs of these studies limit their epidemiological value. We examine the association of R/S and major depressive disorder (MDD) with altruism in a five year longitudinal study nested in a larger prospective study.Methods. Depressed and non-depressed individuals and their first- and second-generation offspring were assessed over several decades. At Year30 after baseline, R/S was measured using participants’ self-report; MDD, by clinical interview. At Year35, participants completed a measure of altruism. Adjusted odds ratios (AOR) were calculated using multivariate logistic regression; statistical significance, set at p&lt;.05. two-tailed.Results. In the overall sample, both R/S and MDD were significantly associated with altruism, AOR 2.52 (95% CI 1.15-5.49) and AOR 2.43 (95% CI 1.05-5.64), respectively; in the High Risk group alone, the corresponding AORs were 4.69 (95% CI 1.39-15.84) and 4.74 (95% CI 1.92-11.72). Among highly R/S people in the High Risk group, the AOR for MDD with altruism was 22.55 (95% CI 1.23-414.60) p&lt;.04; among the remainder, it was 3.12 (95% CI 0.63-15.30), a substantial but non-significant difference.Limitations. Altruism is based on self-report, not observation, hence, vulnerable to bias.Conclusions. MDD’s positive association with elevated altruism concurs with studies of posttraumatic growth in finding developmental growth from adversity. The conditions that foster MDD’s positive association with altruism and the contribution of R/S to this process requires further study.

scholarly journals Cardiorespiratory Fitness Does Not Offset Adiposity-Related Systemic Inflammation in Physically Active Older Women

2019 ◽  
Vol 104 (9) ◽  
pp. 4119-4126
Author(s):  
Oscar Bergens ◽  
Andreas Nilsson ◽  
Fawzi Kadi
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Cardiorespiratory Fitness ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
Inflammatory Biomarkers ◽  
Metabolic Risk ◽  
Physically Active ◽  
Total Fat

Abstract Context Chronic inflammation increases diabetes risk and may be exacerbated by excess adipose tissue. Whether cardiovascular fitness can offset chronic inflammation associated with excess adipose tissue in older adults is unclear. Objective The study aimed to examine the influence of cardiorespiratory fitness on links between adiposity and pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers related to metabolic risk in physically active older women. Design, Setting, and Participants Cross-sectional study comprising older community-dwelling women (n = 109; age, 65 to 70 years). Main Outcome Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed using a standardized submaximal test and participants were categorized into high- and low-adiposity–related metabolic risk [body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), and total fat mass]. The inflammatory biomarkers C-reactive protein (CRP), IL-6, IL-10, IL-18, adiponectin, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-1α were analyzed. Results Regardless of adiposity measure, women in the metabolic high-risk group had substantially elevated (P < 0.05) CRP and lower adiponectin levels. Levels of IL-6 and MIP1-α were elevated in the high-risk group defined by WHR and total fat mass. The IL-18 level was elevated in the high-risk group based on WHR only. Importantly, a high cardiorespiratory fitness level did not attenuate the detrimental links between adiposity measures and inflammation. Conclusions Cardiorespiratory fitness does not offset the detrimental links between adiposity and several inflammatory biomarkers related to metabolic risk in physically active older women. Reducing abdominal adipose tissue in older adults should be emphasized in efforts aiming to attenuate age-related systemic inflammation and metabolic risk regardless of cardiorespiratory fitness.

Informed decision making (IDM) for prostate cancer (PCa) screening in a high-risk population.

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (6_suppl) ◽  
pp. 112-112 ◽  
Author(s):  
Puneet Dhillon ◽  
Petros Grivas ◽  
Paola Raska ◽  
Devon Hickman ◽  
Paul Elson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Population ◽  
Group Setting ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Post Test

112 Background: PCa incidence and mortality in African Americans (AA) is higher than in Caucasians. Health-education programs and culturally appropriate outreach to high-risk groups in accordance with American Cancer Society IDM guidelines can reduce disparities. Data show that it is hard to provide comprehensive unbiased education about screening to patients (pts). This study aims to examine whether IDM guidelines in a large high risk group setting can improve knowledge on PCa and screening decision, and whether such education program is overall beneficial to pts. Methods: Pts were included in one-day outreach event and were given a 15-question pre and post- test focused on standard informative educational PowerPoint and then were offered screening (PSA + DRE). Components of IDM were reviewed during this educational intervention. Demographics and family history was collected and UCSF 10-year mortality index was assessed to help IDM. Pre- and post- test number of correct answers were compared (Wilcoxon signed rank); pts were surveyed on their opinion on the program. The decision regarding screening after the intervention was tracked as well as the % of PCa diagnosed. Pts were tracked via an established navigation system to ensure follow up care. Results: 106 pts were included in the current analysis. Median number of correct answers at pre and post test was 8 and 11 (p < 0.001). Overall, 86% responded that they wanted screening. Of those, 92% were AA and 21% had family history of PCa; 21 pts had PSA only, 60 had PSA + DRE. 13 pts (16%) had abnormal PSA per NCCN guidelines, 5 (8%) had abnormal DRE. 5 PCa were biopsy-diagnosed, 4 had abnormal DRE + PSA; 1 had only abnormal DRE. Overall, 82% pts favored IDM before screening, 18% would prefer screening without IDM. 75% of all pts found the information “very helpful” in decision-making (within a 5-point Likert scale). Conclusions: Our education-based IDM led to significant improvement in knowledge about PCa screening. Most pts preferred education prior to screening. Our approach paired with the use of navigation program is feasible and was positively received by a large high risk group. Project is ongoing with more pts and follow up, and further validation is pending. Clinical trial information: NCT02419846.

Family History and the Risk of Prostatic Carcinoma in a High Risk Group of Urological Patients

1995 ◽  
Vol 154 (2) ◽  
pp. 404-406 ◽  
Author(s):  
Armen G.* Aprikian ◽  
Michel Bazinet ◽  
Mark Plante ◽  
Alaa Meshref ◽  
Claude Trudel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Family History ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Prostatic Carcinoma ◽  
Risk Group ◽  
High Risk Group
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