scholarly journals Scoping Review of Oral Health-Related Birth Cohort Studies: Toward a Global Consortium

2022 ◽  
pp. 002203452110624
Author(s):  
K.G. Peres ◽  
G.G. Nascimento ◽  
A. Gupta ◽  
A. Singh ◽  
L. Schertel Cassiano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Health ◽  
Cohort Studies ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Participation Rate ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Combining Data ◽  
Health Related

The multidisciplinary nature and long duration of birth cohort studies allow investigation of the relationship between general and oral health and indicate the most appropriate stages in life to intervene. To date, the worldwide distribution of oral health-related birth cohort studies (OHRBCSs) has not been mapped, and a synthesis of information on methodological characteristics and outcomes is not available. We mapped published literature on OHRBCSs, describing their oral health-related data and methodological aspects. A 3-step search strategy was adopted to identify published studies using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and OVID databases. Studies with baseline data collection during pregnancy or within the first year of life or linked future oral health data to exposures during either of these 2 life stages were included. Studies examining only mothers' oral health and specific populations were excluded. In total, 1,721 articles were suitable for initial screening of titles and abstracts, and 528 articles were included in the review, identifying 120 unique OHRBCSs from 34 countries in all continents. The review comprised literature from the mid-1940s to the 21st century. Fifty-four percent of the OHRBCSs started from 2000 onward, and 75% of the cohorts were from high-income and only 2 from low-income countries. The participation rate between the baseline and the last oral health follow-up varied between 7% and 93%. Ten cohorts that included interventions were mostly from 2000 and with fewer than 1,000 participants. Seven data-linkage cohorts focused mostly on upstream characteristics and biological aspects. The most frequent clinical assessment was dental caries, widely presented as decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT/dmft). Periodontal conditions were primarily applied as isolated outcomes or as part of a classification system. Socioeconomic classification, ethnicity, and country- or language-specific assessment tools varied across countries. Harmonizing definitions will allow combining data from different studies, adding considerable strength to data analyses; this will be facilitated by forming a global consortium.

scholarly journals The burden of serious health-related suffering among cancer decedents: Global projections study to 2060

2020 ◽  
pp. 026921632095756
Author(s):  
Katherine E Sleeman ◽  
Barbara Gomes ◽  
Maja de Brito ◽  
Omar Shamieh ◽  
Richard Harding
Keyword(s):  
Palliative Care ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Population Based ◽  
World Health ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Middle Income ◽  
Middle Income Countries ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Health Organization

Background: Palliative care improves outcomes for people with cancer, but in many countries access remains poor. Understanding future needs is essential for effective health system planning in response to global policy. Aim: To project the burden of serious health-related suffering associated with death from cancer to 2060 by age, gender, cancer type and World Bank income region. Design: Population-based projections study. Global projections of palliative care need were derived by combining World Health Organization cancer mortality projections (2016–2060) with estimates of serious health-related suffering among cancer decedents. Results: By 2060, serious health-related suffering will be experienced by 16.3 million people dying with cancer each year (compared to 7.8 million in 2016). Serious health-related suffering among cancer decedents will increase more quickly in low income countries (407% increase 2016–2060) compared to lower-middle, upper-middle and high income countries (168%, 96% and 39% increase 2016-2060, respectively). By 2060, 67% of people who die with cancer and experience serious health-related suffering will be over 70 years old, compared to 47% in 2016. In high and upper-middle income countries, lung cancer will be the single greatest contributor to the burden of serious health-related suffering among cancer decedents. In low and lower-middle income countries, breast cancer will be the single greatest contributor. Conclusions: Many people with cancer will die with unnecessary suffering unless there is expansion of palliative care integration into cancer programmes. Failure to do this will be damaging for the individuals affected and the health systems within which they are treated.

scholarly journals District decision-making for health in low-income settings: a qualitative study in Uttar Pradesh, India, on engaging the private health sector in sharing health-related data

2016 ◽  
Vol 31 (suppl 2) ◽  
pp. ii35-ii46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Meenakshi Gautham ◽  
Neil Spicer ◽  
Manish Subharwal ◽  
Sanjay Gupta ◽  
Aradhana Srivastava ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Uttar Pradesh ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Private Health Sector ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Oral health-related quality of life in a birth cohort of 32-year olds

2008 ◽  
Vol 36 (4) ◽  
pp. 305-316 ◽  
Author(s):  
Herenia P. Lawrence ◽  
W. Murray Thomson ◽  
Jonathan M. Broadbent ◽  
Richie Poulton
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related

scholarly journals Development Aid and Solidarity Work: East and West German Health Cooperation with Low-Income Countries, 1945 to 1970

Gesnerus ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 74 (2) ◽  
pp. 173-187
Author(s):  
Walter Bruchhausen ◽  
Iris Borowy
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
International Health ◽  
Development Aid ◽  
West Germany ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Federal Republic Of Germany ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Strong Position ◽  
Scale Composition

Between 1949 and 1989, both the Federal Republic of Germany (FRG) in the West and the German Democratic Republic (GDR) in the East, engaged in health-related relations with low-income countries in the global South. The strong position of the churches in West Germany and the dominant position of the state in the East provided the preconditions for diverging international health activities, as did differences in ideology and economic status. Activities entailed similarities (an initial focus on clinical therapy and material donations) and differences (in scale, composition of actors and conceptualization). Programs evolved gradually, reacting to circumstances rather than a master plan. By the late 1960s, international health assistance was mainly organized as a component of “development aid” in the FRG, while regarded as “solidarity” in the GDR, in both cases designed to spur changes in recipient countries according to the respective Northern models as components of a perceived direct, global East-West confrontation.

scholarly journals Health Literacy and Health Behavior Among Women in Ghazni, Afghanistan

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stefanie Harsch ◽  
Asadullah Jawid ◽  
Ebrahim Jawid ◽  
Luis Saboga-Nunes ◽  
Kristine Sørensen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Literacy ◽  
Health Behavior ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Help Seeking ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Public Health Challenge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Voluntary Basis

Background:Health literacy is a determinant of health and assessed globally to inform the development of health interventions. However, little is known about health literacy in countries with one of the poorest health indicators worldwide, such as Afghanistan. Studies worldwide demonstrate that women play a key role in developing health literacy. Hence, this study's purpose is to explore health literacy of women in Afghanistan and the associated factors.Methods:From May to June 2017, we randomly recruited 7–10 women per day at the hospital in Ghazni, a representative province of Afghanistan. Two trained female interviewers interviewed 322 women (15–61 years old) orally in Dari or Pashto on a voluntary basis and assessed their health literacy using the HLS-EU-Q16, associated socio-demographics, and health behavior.Results:Health literacy of women (among educated and illiterates) is low even compared to other Asian countries. Health literacy is linked to age and education. We found mixed evidence of the relationship between health literacy and contextual factors, help-seeking, and health-related behavior.Conclusion:This study provides novel data on health literacy and astonishing insights into its association with health behavior of women in Afghanistan, thus contributing to health status. The study calls for recognition of health literacy as a public health challenge be addressed in Afghanistan and other low-income countries affected by crises.

scholarly journals Oral Health Status among Migrants from Middle- and Low-Income Countries to Europe: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (22) ◽  
pp. 12203
Author(s):  
Dorina Lauritano ◽  
Giulia Moreo ◽  
Francesco Carinci ◽  
Vincenzo Campanella ◽  
Fedora Della Della Vella ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Health Status ◽  
Oral Health ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Dental Health ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Oral Health Status ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Caries Experience

Introduction. Economic inequality, political instability and globalization have contributed to the constant growth of the migration phenomenon in recent years. In particular, a total of 4.2 million people migrated to Europe during 2019 and most of them settled in Germany, France and Italy. Objectives. The objective of this study was to conduct a systematic review of studies analyzing the oral health condition among migrants from middle- and low-income countries to Europe and assessing the eventual association between their sociodemographic and socioeconomic characteristics and oral health status. Materials and Methods. A systematic review was conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus and Science Direct databases. After titles, abstracts and full-text examination, only 27 articles were selected on the basis of inclusion criteria and consequently included for quality assessments and data extraction. Results. Most of the studies reported a higher prevalence of caries experience, a poorer periodontal health and more difficulties in accessing dentalcare services among migrant groups compared with the non-migrant population. Inequalities were mostly associated with ethnic background, economic condition and social grade. Conclusion. Our review demonstrates the lack of dental health among migrants, underlining that their cultural beliefs and their social and economic living conditions could influence their oral health.

scholarly journals Effects of Anaemia and Iron Supplementation on Vaccine Response: A Birth Cohort Study and a Randomized Trial Follow-Up Study in Kenyan Infants

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1115-1115
Author(s):  
Michael Zimmermann ◽  
Nicole Stoffel ◽  
Mary Uyoga ◽  
Simon Karanja
Keyword(s):  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Iron Supplementation ◽  
Randomised Trial ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Birth Cohort Study ◽  
Measles Vaccine ◽  
Vaccine Response ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Objectives Vaccines often underperform in low-income countries. Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) may impair adaptive immunity and is common among African infants at time of vaccination. Our objective was to assess whether IDA impairs vaccine response and whether iron supplementation improves vaccine response. Methods We performed two studies in southern Kenya. In study 1, we followed a birth cohort to age 18 mo and assessed whether IDA at time of vaccination with pentavalent, 10-valent pneumococcal and measles vaccines predicted vaccine response. Primary outcomes were serum IgG and seroconversion at age 24wk and 18 mo. Study 2 was a randomised trial cohort follow-up in children who received 5 mg iron daily or no iron for 4 mo starting at age 7.5 mo and received measles vaccine at 9 and 18 mo; primary outcomes were IgG, seroconversion and avidity assessed at 11.5 mo and 4.5y. Results Study 1 ran from August 2013 to May 2017; 573 infants were enrolled and 303 completed the study. Controlling for sex, birthweight, anthropometrics and maternal antibodies, haemoglobin at time of vaccination was the strongest positive predictor of: (A) anti-diphtheria and anti-pertussis IgG at 24wk and 18 mo; (B) anti-pertussis filamentous hemagglutinin IgG at 24wk; and (C) anti-pneumococcus-S19 IgG at 18 mo (for all, P < 0.05). IDA and serum transferrin receptor at vaccination were the strongest predictors of seroconversion against diphtheria and pneumococcus-S19 at 18 mo (P < 0.05 for all). Study 2 ran from October 2014 to March 2019; 155 infants were recruited, 127 and 88 were assessed at age 11.5 mo and 4.5y. Infants who received iron at time of measles vaccination had higher anti-measles IgG (P = 0.0415), seroconversion (P = 0.0531) and IgG avidity (P = 0.0425) at 11.5 mo. Conclusions To our knowledge these are the first prospective data from Africa assessing the impact of IDA at vaccination on vaccine response. IDA at time of vaccination is associated with decreased response to diphtheria, pertussis and pneumococcal vaccines. Primary response to measles vaccine is increased by iron supplementation. Because anaemia is common in African infants and because the vaccine-preventable disease burden is high, if IDA reduces immunogenicity of childhood vaccines its prevention could have major benefits. Funding Sources Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation; ETH Zurich; DSM Nutrition; The Philhuman Foundation

scholarly journals Determinants of preterm birth: Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil, 2004 birth cohort

2010 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
pp. 185-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariângela F. Silveira ◽  
Cesar G. Victora ◽  
Aluísio J. D. Barros ◽  
Iná S. Santos ◽  
Alicia Matijasevich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Preterm Birth ◽  
Birth Cohort ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Family Income ◽  
Preterm Births ◽  
Rio Grande ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Rio Grande Do Sul ◽  
Vaginal Deliveries

Prematurity is a leading cause of neonatal mortality and a global health problem that affects high, middle and low-income countries. Several factors may increase the risk of preterm birth. In this article, we test the hypothesis that different risk factors determine preterm birth in different income groups by investigating whether risk factors for preterm deliveries in the 2004 Pelotas (Rio Grande do Sul State, Brazil) birth cohort vary among those groups. A total of 4,142 women were included in the analysis. Preterm births were equally common among women who had spontaneous vaginal deliveries as for those with induced or operative births. In the multivariate analysis the factors that remained significantly associated with preterm birth were black skin color, low education, poverty, young maternal age, primiparity, previous preterm birth, inadequacy of prenatal care and reported hypertension. In the analyses repeated after stratification by family income terciles, there was no evidence of effect modification by income and no clear difference between the socioeconomic groups. No association between cesarean section and preterm delivery was found. Further studies are required to understand the causes of the epidemic of preterm births in Brazil.

Between water stewardship and independent global water certification: learning from smallholder rice farmers, Karonga, Malawi

Waterlines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-72
Author(s):  
Rochelle H. Holm ◽  
Alice Ngulube Magombo
Keyword(s):  
Water Management ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Smallholder Farmers ◽  
Water Governance ◽  
Low Income Countries ◽  
Local Context ◽  
Governmental Organization ◽  
Train The Trainer ◽  
Related Data ◽  
Rice Farmers

Cooperation and locally driven water management are at the forefront of food production water management for smallholder farmers in low-income countries. The aim of this paper was to critically reflect on the experiences of 5,819 smallholder rice farmers in Karonga District, Malawi, who were members of a farmers’ organization that achieved improved water stewardship, but could not achieve Alliance for Water Stewardship certification within a three-year project. The data for this paper were obtained through farmer and stakeholder interviews. The partnership attempted to bring together four parties: academics, farmers, local government, and a non-governmental organization. The farmers were trained by combining stewardship and certification topics through a train-the-trainer approach. The farmers’ organization primarily focuses on agribusiness; therefore, they did not have any water-related data or detailed farm boundaries from the large and dispersed group of farmers and could not obtain a collective water permit. Understanding water governance was difficult for many farmers. Furthermore, moving from stewardship to certification presented some financial challenges. Critical thinking and questioning are required, along with a deeper understanding of the local context, logistical hindrances, priorities, alternatives, culture, and science, to evaluate how projects are designed and partially succeed or fail from the perspective of low-income farmers in the Global South.

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