Economic Effects of Adolescent to Adult Patterns of Cannabis Use: Full-Time Employment and Employment Stability

2020 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 579-603
Author(s):  
Megan Bears Augustyn ◽  
Thomas Loughran ◽  
Pilar Larroulet ◽  
Kimberly L. Henry
Keyword(s):  
Youth Development ◽  
Economic Effects ◽  
Cannabis Use ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Employment Stability ◽  
Patterns Of Use ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Rochester Youth Development Study ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Full Time Employment

Research has yet to examine stability in employment as a function of cannabis use once an individual transitions into full-time work. Using data from the Rochester Youth Development Study, trajectories of cannabis use spanning ages 14 to 30 were identified among a sample of predominantly minorities (>80%; 68% African American). After hard-classifying individuals by patterns of cannabis use, probabilities of full-time employment and conditional probabilities of full-time employment were calculated and compared across patterns of use. Abstention or rare cannabis use was associated with a higher likelihood of full-time employment compared with other cannabis use patterns. Full-time employment stability was high for each pattern of cannabis use (>89%) and differences decreased with age and prior periods of employment. The results indicate that patterns of cannabis use spanning adolescence to adulthood have limited impact on the ability to retain full-time employment once employed and are interpreted in light of growing legalization of cannabis use.

scholarly journals Labour Markets and Wages in Australia: 2010

2011 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Therese Jefferson ◽  
Alison Preston
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Time Frame ◽  
Labour Markets ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Labour Market Activity ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Part Time Work

In this article we present data on earnings and hours in 2010 and, using data over a longer time frame, show how the character of the Australian labour market has significantly changed in recent decades. Among other things, we demonstrate a continued shift towards part-time work and, across full-time and part-time labour markets, a change in the distribution of jobs towards more highly skilled occupations. We continue to argue that traditional indicators of labour-market activity, such as headline unemployment and earnings in full-time employment, are only able to partially explain the health of the labour market. There is an urgent need to better understand other dimensions such as underemployment, part-time employment and part-time earnings.

Human Capital and Welfare Dynamics in Canada

2007 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorgen Hansen
Keyword(s):  
Human Capital ◽  
Work Experience ◽  
High School Completion ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Entry Rate ◽  
Self Sufficiency ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Using Data ◽  
One Year ◽  
Full Time Employment

Abstract This paper analyzes the effects of human capital on welfare dynamics in Canada using data from the Self-Sufficiency Project (SSP). SSP offered a time-limited earnings supplement to a randomly assigned group of new welfare applicants who remained on welfare for one year and, in the subsequent year, left welfare for full-time employment. The results suggest that high school completion has no significant impact on the exit rate from welfare or on the re-entry rate. Moreover, full-time work experience is found to reduce the risk of returning to welfare but not for respondents who were assigned to the treatment group. This finding suggests that the provision of an earnings subsidy encourages welfare recipients to accept low-wage jobs with little gains from work experience. Thus, the rationale for such a policy that work today will raise experience and consequently future wages is not supported by the results in this paper.

Short-Term Employment Transitions of Women in the Israeli Labor Force

ILR Review ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 51 (2) ◽  
pp. 269-281 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haya Stier
Keyword(s):  
Labor Force ◽  
Labor Market Institutions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Employment Transitions ◽  
Long Run ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Full Time Employment

Using data on Jewish Israeli women aged 25 to 55, the author examines patterns and determinants of women's transitions among four employment categories: regular full-time employment, reduced-hours full-time employment, part-time employment, and non-employment. Israeli women are not trapped in part-time employment. Departures from reduced-hour and part-time employment occur at higher rates than departures from full-time jobs. Women who have just given birth have an increased likelihood of moving from full-time employment to reduced-hour or part-time employment. Women in female-type occupations and those in “peripheral” jobs (jobs outside core industries) are more likely than other women to reduce their work hours or exit the labor force. The author argues that although part-time work is a valuable short-term option for many women, in the long run it preserves labor market institutions that are disadvantageous to women.

scholarly journals Gains in employment status following antidepressant medication or cognitive therapy for depression

2015 ◽  
Vol 206 (4) ◽  
pp. 332-338 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jay C. Fournier ◽  
Robert J. DeRubeis ◽  
Jay Amsterdam ◽  
Richard C. Shelton ◽  
Steven D. Hollon
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Therapy ◽  
Employment Status ◽  
Antidepressant Medication ◽  
Relative Advantage ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Treatment Interaction ◽  
Effect Of Treatment ◽  
Using Data ◽  
A Site ◽  
Full Time Employment

BackgroundDepression can adversely affect employment status.AimsTo examine whether there is a relative advantage of cognitive therapy or antidepressant medication in improving employment status following treatment, using data from a previously reported trial.MethodRandom assignment to cognitive therapy (n = 48) or the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor paroxetine (n = 93) for 4 months; treatment responders were followed for up to 24 months. Differential effects of treatment on employment status were examined.ResultsAt the end of 28 months, cognitive therapy led to higher rates of full-time employment (88.9%) than did antidepressant medication among treatment responders (70.8%), χ21 = 5.78, P = 0.02, odds ratio (OR) = 5.66, 95% CI 1.16–27.69. In the shorter-term, the main effect of treatment on employment status was not significant following acute treatment (χ21 = 1.74, P = 0.19, OR = 1.77, 95% CI 0.75–4.17); however, we observed a site×treatment interaction (χ21 = 6.87, P = 0.009) whereby cognitive therapy led to a higher rate of full-time employment at one site but not at the other.ConclusionsCognitive therapy may produce greater improvements in employment v. medication, particularly over the longer term.

Student Exchange Program With Siemens-Westinghouse

2001 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hugh K. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Multinational Enterprise ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Senior Year ◽  
Central Florida ◽  
Exchange Program ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Student Exchange ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
The U.S

Abstract A Student Exchange Program began with four students from Germany visiting Siemens-Westinghouse and the University of Central Florida in Summer, 1999, as an initiative from Siemens training officials in Muelheim, Germany. In Summer 2000, a program with four German apprentices coming to the U.S. and four U.S. interns working and studying in Germany was very successful. The initial UCF students continued part-time work at Siemens during their senior year and were offered full-time employment upon graduation. Not only did the German students complete their work, but some of them returned for employment in the U.S. Siemens, as a multinational enterprise, is preparing technologists and engineers to understand product design and manufacturing for integrated systems in international markets. Students will benefit from an understanding of the systems, standards, and cultures involved. The internship model being developed uses the best from the German and U.S. systems and merits further study and implementation.

Flexible `Parts' and Rigid `Fulls': The Limited Revolution in Work-Time Patterns

1989 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-490 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ian Dey
Keyword(s):  
Full Time ◽  
Work Patterns ◽  
Work Time ◽  
The Past ◽  
Labour Market Flexibility ◽  
Time Patterns ◽  
Flexible Parts ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Full Time Employment

The evidence indicates that there has been some erosion of the distinction between part-time and full-time employment over the past decade. However, this is almost entirely attributable to the growth in part-time employment, and despite a continuing rigidity in full-time work patterns. It is argued that part-time employment can only make a limited contribution to labour market flexibility so long as full-time work patterns remain inflexible. This paper questions the assumptions sustaining a rigid bifurcation of work into full-time and part-time hours, and considers the case for a more flexible approach to full-time hours in the context of the debate over worksharing.

Temporary part-time employment and future wages of male employees – a panel data analysis of the German labour market

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (10) ◽  
pp. 7-23
Author(s):  
Piotr Matuszak
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Unobserved Heterogeneity ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Job Experience ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
One Year ◽  
Full Time Employment

The aim of this study is to assess the relationship between temporary part-time employment and the wages male employees receive in subsequent full-time employment within the first five and the first ten years from the date of starting their full-time employment. The study uses data from the German labour market, obtained from the Socio-Economic Panel for the years 1984–2014. The fixed effects estimator, which solves the unobserved heterogeneity issue by removing time-invariant individual effects by a ‘within’ transformation, was applied in the empirical analysis. The results indicate that having experience as a part-time worker is associated with lower future wages – a one-year increase in the number of years in part-time work in the last two to five years leads to a reduction in future wages in a full-time job by 4.4% on average, compared to having solely a full-time job experience. However, this relationship becomes statistically insignificant after five years of being employed full-time. The results are robust to different specifications and it is indicated that an inverse relationship between working below regular hours and future wages in full-time employment is related to working parttime in low- and medium-skilled occupations. At the same time, working part-time is less detrimental to future wages than periods of unemployment.

scholarly journals The Relationship Between Time and Birth Mother Satisfaction With Relinquishment

2018 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 170-183
Author(s):  
Elissa E. Madden ◽  
Scott Ryan ◽  
Donna M. Aguiniga ◽  
Michael Killian ◽  
Brenda Romanchik
Keyword(s):  
Support Services ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Birth Mothers ◽  
Birth Mother ◽  
Current Contact ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
The Relationship

Using data from an online survey of 223 birth mothers who had relinquished an infant for adoption during the last 25 years, this analysis examines the influence of the length of time that has passed since relinquishment on birth mothers’ satisfaction with their decision to place their child for adoption. Time since relinquishment, age of the respondent, education level, and income had a significant inverse relationship with birth mothers’ satisfaction to place their child for adoption. Two variables were predictive of increased satisfaction with their decision: having current contact with the child and full-time employment. The findings underscore the importance of agencies and adoption professionals ensuring that birth mothers have access to ongoing postrelinquishment support services throughout the life course.

Gender Differences in Spousal Care Across the Later Life Course

2016 ◽  
Vol 39 (8) ◽  
pp. 934-959 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Glauber
Keyword(s):  
Gender Differences ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Gender Gap ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Moderating Effects ◽  
Time Work ◽  
More Care ◽  
Full Time Employment

Spouses often serve as the primary caregivers to their ill or disabled partners. Studies have shown that men receive more care from their wives than vice versa, but few studies have focused on how the gender gap in care varies across the later life course. Drawing on data from the Health and Retirement Study, this study examined the moderating effects of age, gender, and full-time employment on married women’s and men’s receipt of spousal care. This study found that among community-dwelling married adults, the gender gap in care was larger among those in middle age (50–65) than it was among those in older age. As women and men aged, the gender gap decreased primarily because men left full-time work and increased the amount of time that they spent caring for their wives. As gender differences in full-time employment narrowed, the gender gap in spousal care narrowed.

Does Health Reform Lead to an Increase in Early Retirement? Evidence from Massachusetts

ILR Review ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (3) ◽  
pp. 704-732 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradley T. Heim ◽  
LeeKai Lin
Keyword(s):  
Health Reform ◽  
Early Retirement ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Percentage Points ◽  
Time Work ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Part Time Work

This article estimates the impact of the 2006 Massachusetts health reform on the decision of individuals to retire early. Using data from the American Community Survey that spans 2004 through 2012, the authors estimate difference-in-differences models for retirement using individuals from other northeastern states as the control group. The estimates suggest that the reform led women to increase early retirement from full-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 4.8%) and to increase part-time work by 1.1 percentage points (from a base of 30%). Though no significant effects were found for men overall, the estimates imply that the reform led to an increase in retirement and part-time work among lower-income men.

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