Social Stratification of School Knowledge in Character Training Programs of South Buffalo, New York, 1918-1932

1988 ◽  
Vol 170 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-94 ◽  
Author(s):  
William B. Thomas ◽  
Kevin J. Moran
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Training Program ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Training Programs ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Knowledge Type

This essay shows how policy makers and teachers in Buffalo, New York designed and implemented a stratified curriculum as an outgrowth of the school district's character training program. They differentiated by socio-economic status the knowledge type they disseminated to their pupils in the early 1900s, emphasizing academics in elementary schools which higher- and middle-status pupils attended. In contrast, they emphasized character training at the expense of academics in lower-status schools.

scholarly journals Physical attractiveness – who believes it is a ticket to success?

2016 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Outi Sarpila ◽  
Jani Erola
Keyword(s):  
Middle Class ◽  
Everyday Life ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Physical Attractiveness ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Physical Appearance ◽  
Representative Survey ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Lower Status ◽  
Nationally Representative

According to previous research, physical appearance is an important asset that contributes to socio-economic success. However, the consequences associated with physical appearance are often considered gendered. By focusing on the two aspects relevant to physical attractiveness and social stratification, gender and socio-economic status (SES), the article examines whether or not women and men in certain socio-economic positions consider physical attractiveness an important asset in everyday life. We use data from a nationally representative survey. Our analyses suggest that women tend to believe that physical attractiveness contributes to success in life more often than men. Furthermore, we find that the representatives of the middle class, in particular, recognise the significance of physical attractiveness. This applies to both women and men. The results suggest that appearance-related beliefs reflect, first and foremost, the internal battle of middle status positions as well as the willingness to separate oneself from a lower status group.

scholarly journals Interactive relations of gender, residence and social stratification with types of aggression

1970 ◽  
Vol 2 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-74
Author(s):  
AKM Rezanur Rahman
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Aggressive Behaviour ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Antisocial Behaviour ◽  
Indirect Aggression ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Urban Rural

Attempts were made to examine the interactive relations of gender, residence and social stratification with different types of aggressive behaviour. The independent variables were gender, residence and socio-economic status. Different types of the behaviour include physical, verbal, anger, hostile and indirect aggression. A total of 240 respondents between 13 and 16 years of age constituted the sample of the study. The Measure of Aggressive Behaviour (MAB) was used for data collection. The study utilized a 2 × 2 × 3 factorial design consisting of two levels of gender (male/female), two levels of residential background (urban/rural), and three levels of socio-economic status (high/middle/low). The results were computed on each dimension separately using t-tests. The findings revealed interactive relations of gender, residence and social stratification with different types of aggression. Key words: Aggression; antisocial behaviour; gang related violence; autism; attention deficit disorder DOI: 10.3329/jles.v2i2.7500 J. Life Earth Sci., Vol. 2(2) 67-74, 2007

scholarly journals The Social Stratification of Choice in the Transition to Adulthood

2019 ◽  
Vol 35 (5) ◽  
pp. 599-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco C Billari ◽  
Nicole Hiekel ◽  
Aart C Liefbroer
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Longitudinal Data ◽  
Transition To Adulthood ◽  
Social Stratification ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Theoretical Framework ◽  
Low Ses ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The Social ◽  
And Gender

AbstractThe occurrence and timing of major demographic decisions in the transition to adulthood is strongly stratified, with young adults with a high socio-economic status (SES) background usually experiencing many of these events later than young adults with a low SES background. To explain this social stratification, we outline a theoretical framework in which social stratification affects choice in the transition to adulthood through three, potentially reinforcing, pathways: stratified socialization, stratified agency, and stratified opportunity. We test our framework against longitudinal data from two waves of the Generations and Gender Surveys for Austria, Bulgaria, and France. We find evidence for the importance of all three pathways. Furthermore, processes differ little by gender, age and country context.

scholarly journals Not quite the same: The social stratification and phonetic conditioning of the foot–strut vowels in Manchester

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
DANIELLE TURTON ◽  
MACIEJ BARANOWSKI
Keyword(s):  
Social Stratification ◽  
Statistical Models ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Speech Community ◽  
North West ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
The North ◽  
The Social ◽  
Vowel Space ◽  
Age Grading

The foot–strut vowel split, which has its origins in 17th century English, is notable for its absence from the speech of Northerners in England, where stood–stud remain homophones – both are pronounced with the same vowel /ʊ/. The present study analyses the speech of 122 speakers from Manchester in the North West of England. Although the vast majority of speakers exhibit no distinction between the foot and strut lexical sets in minimal-pair production and judgement tests, vowel height is correlated with socio-economic status: the higher the social class, the lower the strut vowel. Surprisingly, statistical models indicate that vowel class is a significant predictor of foot–strut in Manchester. This means that, for a speech community without the split, there remains an effect in the expected direction: strut vowels are lower than foot vowels in the vowel space. We suggest that co-articulatory effects of surrounding consonants explain this instrumental difference, as they have significant lowering/heightening effects on the acoustics but are not fully captured by our statistical model. We argue that the perplexing nature of the historical split can be partially accounted for in this data, as the frequency of co-occurring phonetic environments is notably different in foot than in strut, resulting in cumulative effects of co-articulation. We also present evidence of age grading which suggests that middle class speakers may develop a phonetic distinction as they age.

The influence of socio-economic status, age, gender, and level of literacy on language attitudes

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 227-263
Author(s):  
Gerdine M. Ulysse ◽  
Khaled Al Masaeed
Keyword(s):  
Language Attitudes ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Negative Attitudes ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Haitian Creole ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
Diverse Backgrounds ◽  
Literacy Level ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract This study investigated the relationship between socio-economic status, age, gender, and literacy level and Haitian Gonâviens‘ attitudes towards Haitian Creole or Kreyòl and French. Most studies that investigated language attitudes of Creolophones have found that they have negative attitudes towards Kreyòl. Nevertheless, previous studies often included participants who are affiliated with education such as students, teachers, and language policy makers, or those from higher social classes. The current study, however, utilized a language attitudes questionnaire to collect data from 78 adult informants from diverse backgrounds. These participants included 21 highly literate, 51 partially literate and 6 illiterate Haitians. Findings revealed that participants of higher socio-economic status have more positive attitudes towards French than those from lower socio-economic status. Results also showed that there is a tendency for age, gender, and literacy level to affect language attitudes. For instance, positive attitudes towards Kreyòl were found to be more prevalent among older participants than younger respondents. Similarly, male participants had more negative attitudes towards French than female informants. Moreover, respondents of lower literacy levels had more negative attitudes towards French than those who were highly literate.

scholarly journals Socio-economic status, neighbourhood food environments and consumption of fruits and vegetables in New York City

2013 ◽  
Vol 16 (7) ◽  
pp. 1197-1205 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darby Jack ◽  
Kathryn Neckerman ◽  
Ofira Schwartz-Soicher ◽  
Gina S Lovasi ◽  
James Quinn ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable Consumption ◽  
Fruit And Vegetable ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Food Outlets

AbstractObjectiveRecommendations for fruit and vegetable consumption are largely unmet. Lower socio-economic status (SES), neighbourhood poverty and poor access to retail outlets selling healthy foods are thought to predict lower consumption. The objective of the present study was to assess the interrelationships between these risk factors as predictors of fruit and vegetable consumption.DesignCross-sectional multilevel analyses of data on fruit and vegetable consumption, socio-demographic characteristics, neighbourhood poverty and access to healthy retail food outlets.SettingSurvey data from the 2002 and 2004 New York City Community Health Survey, linked by residential zip code to neighbourhood data.SubjectsAdult survey respondents (n 15 634).ResultsOverall 9·9 % of respondents reported eating ≥5 servings of fruits or vegetables in the day prior to the survey. The odds of eating ≥5 servings increased with higher income among women and with higher educational attainment among men and women. Compared with women having less than a high-school education, the OR was 1·12 (95 % CI 0·82, 1·55) for high-school graduates, 1·95 (95 % CI 1·43, 2·66) for those with some college education and 2·13 (95 % CI 1·56, 2·91) for college graduates. The association between education and fruit and vegetable consumption was significantly stronger for women living in lower- v. higher-poverty zip codes (P for interaction < 0·05). The density of healthy food outlets did not predict consumption of fruits or vegetables.ConclusionsHigher SES is associated with higher consumption of produce, an association that, in women, is stronger for those residing in lower-poverty neighbourhoods.

Korepetycje – powszechność, uwarunkowania i konsekwencje w lokalnym systemie edukacji

2021 ◽  
pp. 72-85
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Jasińska-Maciążek
Keyword(s):  
Elementary Schools ◽  
Formal Education ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
School Achievement ◽  
Private Tutoring ◽  
Seventh Graders ◽  
Socio Economic Status ◽  
Public Elementary Schools ◽  
Private Tuition

Popularity of private tutoring stems from a belief in its positive impact on academic achievement, even though research does not provide any clear evidence of its effectiveness. The effects of out-of-school tuition may be conditioned by various environmental factors, which is why it is important to monitor the phenomenon and its consequences for local education systems. The aim of the study was to evaluate the prevalence, determinants and effects of private tutoring among seventh-graders of public elementary schools in Ostrołęka. The study involved 400 pupils (84% of the population) and 371 of their parents (78% of the population), using school achievement tests and a questionnaire for parents. The results showed that paid private tuition is not an effective strategy of supporting students in school difficulties. Pupils who were provided with private tutoring in fact had average lower scores in end-of-year maths tests, compared to students with similar end-of-term grades and socio-economic status who had to do without this form of support. The results should encourage a more attentive monitoring of the quality and effects of private tutoring and also of the role played by this form of support in the achievement of students who experience varying degrees of school difficulties. The study has showed that perhaps other methods of providing support to such students should be sought, including those more closely linked to the formal education system.

Risks for asthma at age 7 differ by neighborhood and socio-economic status in New York City

2011 ◽  
Vol 127 (2) ◽  
pp. AB174-AB174
Author(s):  
L.M. Acosta ◽  
R.L. Miller ◽  
I.F. Goldstein ◽  
A.G. Rundle ◽  
R.B. Mellins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
New York City ◽  
York City ◽  
Economic Status ◽  
Socio Economic Status
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