As Fathers and Felons

2012 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 465-481 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Turney ◽  
Christopher Wildeman ◽  
Jason Schnittker
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Collateral Consequences ◽  
Life Chances ◽  
Former Prisoners ◽  
The Social ◽  
Minority Men

Dramatic increases in the American imprisonment rate since the mid-1970s have important implications for the life chances of minority men with low educational attainment, including for their health. Although a large literature has considered the collateral consequences of incarceration for a variety of outcomes, studies concerned with health have several limitations: Most focus exclusively on physical health; those concerned with mental health only consider current incarceration or previous incarceration, but never both; some are cross-sectional; many fail to consider mechanisms; and virtually all neglect the role of family processes, thereby overlooking the social roles current and former prisoners inhabit. In this article, we use stress process theory to extend this research by first considering the association between incarceration and major depression and then considering potential mechanisms that explain this association. Results from the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study ( N = 3,107) show current and recent incarceration are substantially associated with the risk of major depression, suggesting both immediate and short-term implications. In addition, consistent with stress proliferation theory, the results show the well-known consequences of incarceration for socioeconomic status and family functioning partly explain these associations, suggesting the link between incarceration and depression depends heavily on the consequences of incarceration for economic and social reintegration, not only the direct psychological consequences of confinement.

The Phantom at The Opera

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sidney Tarrow
Keyword(s):  
Social Sciences ◽  
Political Development ◽  
American Political Development ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Social

Movements and parties have given rise to two largely separates specialties in the social sciences. This Element is an effort to link the two literatures, using evidence from American political development. It identifies five relational mechanisms governing movement/party relations: two of them short term, two intermediate term, and one long-term. It closes with a reflection on the role of movement/party relations in democratization and for democratic resilience.

scholarly journals Appearance and Development of Short-Term Higher Education Vocational Training in Hungary

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 63-76
Author(s):  
Barbara Máté-Szabó ◽  
Dorina Anna Tóth
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Cycle ◽  
Higher Education System ◽  
Political Role ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Government ◽  
International Comparative

Abstract Introduction: This article examines the first level of the European higher education system, namely the short-cycle higher education trainings related to the ISCED 5 whose Hungarian characteristics, and its historical changes were described. Methods: We examined participation rates among OECD countries. As there are large differences in the short-cycle higher education trainings in Europe, we have relied on data that makes the different systems comparable. Results and discussion: The interpretation, definition and practical orientation of the trainings varies from country to country, we presented the Hungarian form in connection with the results of international comparative studies and data. To understand the role of trainings, it is essential to get to know their history, especially because short-term higher educational trainings were transformed in several European countries. Conclusions: Prioritising or effacing the social-political role of short-cycle higher education trainings depending on the political orientation of the government and as a part of this, prioritising the disadvantaged regions instead of the disadvantaged students.

scholarly journals Memory in Linguistic Narrative vs. Postmodern Multitasked Multimedia Art Memory

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 101
Author(s):  
Vesna Srnic ◽  
Emina Berbic Kolar ◽  
Igor Ilic
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Procedural Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multimedia Art ◽  
The Media

<p><em>In addition to the well-known classification of long-term and short-term memory, we are also interested in distinguishing episodic, semantic and procedural memory in the areas of linguistic narrative and multimedial semantic deconstruction in postmodernism. We compare the liveliness of memorization in literary tradition and literature art with postmodernist divisions and reverberations of traditional memorizations through human multitasking and performative multimedia art, as well as formulate the existence of creative, intuitive and superhuman paradigms.</em></p><em>Since the memory can be physical, psychological or spiritual, according to neurobiologist Dr. J. Bauer (Das Gedächtnis des Körpers, 2004), the greatest importance for memorizing has the social role of collaboration, and consequently the personal transformation and remodelling of genomic architecture, yet the media theorist Mark Hansen thinks technology brings different solutions of framing function (Hansen, 2000). We believe that postmodern deconstruction does not necessarily damage memory, especially in the field of human multitasking that utilizes multimedia performative art by means of anthropologization of technology, thereby enhancing artistic and affective pre&amp;post-linguistic experience while unifying technology and humans through intuitive empathy in society.</em>

scholarly journals How Does Religious Commitment Affect Satisfaction with Life during the COVID-19 Pandemic? Examining Depression, Anxiety, and Stress as Mediators

Religions ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 701
Author(s):  
Orhan Koçak
Keyword(s):  
Satisfaction With Life ◽  
Religious Commitment ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Mediation And Moderation

The effect of religiosity on individuals is seen more in stressful situations. Religion strengthens people in coping with the issues given rise by COVID-19 due to its contributions, such as reducing death fear and giving hope. The impact of religious commitment on COVID-19 fear, psychological consequences, and satisfaction with life levels in the COVID-19 period is investigated. To measure this impact of religious commitment, a cross-sectional study was designed with 2810 adults in Turkey. For this purpose, religious commitment, COVID-19 fear, DASS-21, and satisfaction with life scales were used. Mediation and moderation analyses were conducted to test the formed hypotheses. First, the impact of religious commitment on satisfaction with life with depression, anxiety, and stress was tested. Then, the moderating impact of COVID-19 fear in terms of the effect of religious commitment on satisfaction with life was analyzed. Finally, the role of depression’s mediation and COVID-19 fear’s moderation in terms of the impact of religious commitment on satisfaction with life was found. It was found that satisfaction with life decreased more in those with high COVID-19 fear than those with low COVID-19 fear; additionally, religious commitment increased satisfaction with life by reducing depression.

scholarly journals The Role of The Physical and Social Environment for Physical Activity for College Students During the Covid-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-30
Author(s):  
Melissa Bopp ◽  
Oliver W.A. Wilson ◽  
Lucas D. Elliott ◽  
Kelsey E. Holland ◽  
Michele Duffey
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
College Students ◽  
Social Environment ◽  
The United States ◽  
Neighborhood Environment ◽  
Online Questionnaire ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Social

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic created significant disruptions for college students, impacting health and physical activity (PA). Changes to the PA environment presented many challenges for students.Purpose: To examine the influence of the physical and social environment on PA participation for college students during the onset of COVID-19 restrictions.Methods: This cross-sectional, mixed methods survey used an online questionnaire during the onset of COVID-19 restrictions with a volunteer sample of college students at a large university in the United States. Participants self-reported their demographics, PA level and environment for PA, and responded to an open-ended question about their PA participation during the pandemic. Correlations and independent samples t-tests examined relationships between PA and the environment. Qualitative data were scanned to identify overarching themes.Results: Participants (n = 395) were predominantly Non-Hispanic White and female. The neighborhood environment and access to PA equipment were associated with PA for both men and women. Major qualitative themes highlighted the role of the physical environment and PA. Participating in PA with friends and family was positively associated with PA for both men and women as well.Conclusions: This study provides insight on the importance of the social and built environment for encouraging and supporting PA among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic which may provide insight for distance education as higher education evolves.

scholarly journals Coping Strategies Among Medical Professionals During COVID 19 Outbreak

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (02) ◽  
pp. 68-73
Author(s):  
S. Vaishali ◽  
R. Jayaseelan ◽  
H. M. Nithya ◽  
S. Ranganathan ◽  
P. P. Kannan
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Coping Styles ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Brief Cope ◽  
Care Workers

Background: COVID 19 is an ongoing pandemic that has affected people and health workers world-wide. Health care workers not only face short term effects but also long-term psychological consequences due to these stressful situations. Coping strategies can influence health however coping strategies among medical fraternity have not been studied adequately. Methodology: A cross sectional descriptive study was done through an online self-reporting survey model. The BRIEF COPE tool developed by Carver et al was used to assess the coping style. The coping strategy employed was compared to socio-demographic and other variables like professional experience Results: Increasing age was positively correlated with emotion focused and problem focused coping strategies. Marital status had a positive correlation with emotion and problem focused strategies Conclusion: Coping styles in medical professionals differs from those of the general population seen in previous studies. Within the group of medical professionals, those with higher age, higher designation and being married were more likely to use problem focused and emotion focused coping mechanisms which are in general adaptive strategies.

scholarly journals The Role of Medical Social Work to Raise awareness of Prevention of The Epidemic Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (04) ◽  
pp. 626-635
Author(s):  
Dr . Amal Ramadan AbdElhalim
Keyword(s):  
Social Work ◽  
Social Workers ◽  
Reciprocal Relationship ◽  
Strong Positive Correlation ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical Social Work ◽  
Raising Awareness ◽  
The Social ◽  
Epidemic Diseases

Social work seen as important for preventing epidemic diseases, especially in times of crisis, however, evidence of this importance is still scarce, especially in the developing world. We addressed this by studying the role of medical social work in raising awareness of preventing epidemic diseases, and an analytical and descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among Saudi social workers and consumers (102). It aims at the extent to which the social worker knows the nature of epidemic diseases. And defining the preventive role of social workers in raising awareness of preventive diseases. The premise is that there is a significant reciprocal relationship between them. Non-probability fit sampling has been implemented; A self-administered questionnaire was developed during the COVID20 virus for the year 2020, it was tested and filled out by 102 male and female social workers, and the results showed that the total weights and percentage of the social worker’s knowledge of the dimensions of epidemic diseases are (3022), (89.70%) respectively and the role of the specialist Social awareness in raising awareness of the preventive disease dimension (3309), (83.2%), respectively, was associated with a strong positive correlation with compliance among respondents, in addition to the study's observation of the relationship between socio-demographic background and study dimensions T. Not significant at the 0.05 level (2 tailed) ( Age, experience, gender, marital status, and residence).

scholarly journals The Psychological Impact of Referral for Mammography Screening for Breast Cancer Among Women in Muscat Governorate: A cross-sectional study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 225
Author(s):  
Nouf M. Al-Alawi ◽  
Nabila Al-Balushi ◽  
Asma A. Al Salmani
Keyword(s):  
Breast Cancer ◽  
Mammography Screening ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Psychosocial Impact ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Social Functions ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Social

Objectives: Breast cancer constitutes the majority of diagnosed cancers in Oman’s females, accounting for 19.2%, which prompted the introduction of a breast cancer screening programme into the Omani healthcare system. There are rising international concerns about the effectiveness of mammography as a screening tool and its psychological impact. The current study aimed to determine the social, emotional and physical dysfunction caused by the waiting time from the day of scheduling the appointment until the day of screening and explore associated risk factors. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted between March and December 2017 at Khoula Hospital, Muscat, Oman, using a two-part self-administered questionnaire. Part one of the questionnaire collected clinical and demographic data. Part two consisted of the Psychological Consequences Questionnaire (PCQ) and focused on psychological consequences, measuring the effect of mammographic screening on emotional, physical and social functions. Results: A total of 300 women aged ≥40 years old participated in this study (response rate: 100%). Results revealed that there was a minimal negative psychological impact from screening using mammograms. All PCQ domains were significantly impacted for participants who reported a family history of cancer (P = 0.007). The social score was significantly higher among women between 40–50 years old (P = 0.008). Scores of emotional and social functions were significantly affected by participants’ employment status; employed women were more affected than those who were not (P = 0.043 and 0.012, respectively). However, women’s levels of literacy did not affect any of the domains. Conclusion: The psychosocial impact of the waiting period between scheduling and undergoing mammography screening was minimal in the current sample. Future research should evaluate the psychosocial impact on patients at different recall times.Keywords: Breast Cancer; Mammography; Psychological Factors; Depression; Anxiety; Oman.

scholarly journals How participation in collective action changes relationships, behaviours, and beliefs: An interview study of the role of inter- and intragroup processes

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 76-99 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Vestergren ◽  
John Drury ◽  
Eva Hammar Chiriac
Keyword(s):  
Collective Action ◽  
Theoretical Explanation ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Intergroup Interaction ◽  
Psychological Changes ◽  
The Social ◽  
Future Challenges ◽  
Intragroup Processes ◽  
Social Identity Approach

Research has shown that numerous psychological changes can occur in and through collective action. Previous research on psychological consequences of participation in collective action has mainly focused on one change at a time and has rarely included a theoretical explanation for the change. The present study therefore investigates the range and possible connections between changes occurring in collective action. We interviewed participants (n = 28) involved in an environmental campaign in Sweden which included interaction with the police. Through thematic analysis of the data we found that the participants connected several psychological changes to aspects of their participation. Specifically, participants related these changes to two intertwined processes: intergroup interaction and intragroup interaction. We suggest that intergroup interaction (specifically conflict with the police outgroup) can affect intragroup processes (e.g., support and unity), which in turn can influence psychological change (e.g., empowerment and skills). Through the study, we develop and contribute to previous research by: 1) documenting a range of possible changes occurring through collective action participation, and 2) exploring the different psychological processes related to the changes. The implications of this research and future challenges are discussed in relation to developing the social identity approach.

scholarly journals Safe but Lonely? Loneliness, Anxiety, and Depression Symptoms and COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Łukasz Okruszek ◽  
Aleksandra Aniszewska-Stańczuk ◽  
Aleksandra Piejka ◽  
Marcelina Wiśniewska ◽  
Karolina Żurek
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Affective Response ◽  
Anxiety And Depression ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
The Social ◽  
Reciprocal Connections

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has led governments worldwide to implement unprecedented response strategies. While crucial to limiting the spread of the virus, “social distancing” may lead to severe psychological consequences, especially in lonely individuals.MethodsWe used cross-sectional (n = 380) and longitudinal (n = 74) designs to investigate the links between loneliness, anxiety, and depression symptoms (ADS) and COVID-19 risk perception and affective response in young adults who implemented social distancing during the first 2 weeks of the state of epidemic threat in Poland.ResultsLoneliness was correlated with ADS and with affective response to COVID-19’s threat to health. However, increased worry about the social isolation and heightened risk perception for financial problems was observed in lonelier individuals. The cross-lagged influence of the initial affective response to COVID-19 on subsequent levels of loneliness was also found.ConclusionThe reciprocal connections between loneliness and COVID-19 response may be of crucial importance for ADS during the COVID-19 crisis.

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