Kindergarten Training in Phonological Awareness: Fluency and Comprehension Gains Are Greatest for Readers at Risk in Grades 1 Through 9

2019 ◽  
Vol 52 (5) ◽  
pp. 366-382 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ann-Christina Kjeldsen ◽  
Lic Educ ◽  
Silja K. Saarento-Zaprudin ◽  
Pekka O. Niemi
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Phonological Awareness ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Word Reading ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Clear Cut ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Fluency And Comprehension

Training in phonological awareness has brought about well-documented positive effects on learning to read in lower-primary grades. Less is known about long-term gains extending to upper-primary and junior high school. The few longitudinal studies covering at least 5 years suggest that gains in decoding are sustained, whereas effects on reading comprehension have either not been studied or produced equivocal results. The present study followed up the reading development of 209 Finland Swedish students from kindergarten until Grade 9, half of whom participated in an 8-month phonological intervention in kindergarten. The intervention group outperformed the control group in both word reading and reading comprehension in Grades 1 through 9. However, albeit statistically significant, the differences at the group level were small. The main result was a clear-cut difference in both skills among readers at risk belonging to the lowest 25% in foundational skills at the beginning of kindergarten. In Grade 6, altogether 60% of the nontrained readers at risk still belonged to the lowest quartile in reading comprehension as opposed to 24% of their peers in the intervention group. The pattern was repeated in Grade 9, with trained readers at risk performing at the level of nontrained mainstream readers.

The effects of reciprocal teaching on the perceived reading comprehension self-efficacy of 2nd-grade pupils: Reflections of the pupils and their teacher

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 679-686
Author(s):  
Sultan Selen Kula ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Classroom Teacher ◽  
Teaching Strategy ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Reciprocal Teaching ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Test

This study examined the effects of reciprocal teaching on the perceived reading comprehension self-efficacy of 2nd-grade pupils. The study was designed in pre-post test experimental design with a control group. Qualitative data was also collected from the intervention group students and the classroom teacher who carried out the intervention lessons. Participants consist of typically developing 2nd-grade pupils from a state primary school (n = 34) in Turkey. While the intervention group used a total of 36 lesson hours of reciprocal teaching techniques for 6 lessons per week for 6 weeks, the lesson was taught in traditional ways in the control group. According to the research findings, there was no statistically significant difference between the post-test scores of the intervention and control groups. Students stated that the most difficult reciprocal teaching strategy was summarizing, while the easiest was the prediction. As a result of the observations of the classroom teacher who conducted the intervention lessons, the positive effects of reciprocal teaching on the pupils' reading comprehension were emphasized. For this reason, it is suggested that the use of reciprocal teaching in Literacy lessons should be widespread in Turkey.

scholarly journals Short-term balance training and acute effects on postural sway in balance-deficient older adults: a randomized controlled trial

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Niklas Sörlén ◽  
Andreas Hult ◽  
Peter Nordström ◽  
Anna Nordström ◽  
Jonas Johansson
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Postural Sway ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Eyes Closed ◽  
Balance Exercise

Abstract Background We aimed to determine the effectiveness of 4 weeks of balance exercise compared with no intervention on objectively measured postural sway. Methods This was a single-center parallel randomized controlled, open label, trial. A six-sided dice was used for allocation at a 1:1-ratio between exercise and control. The trial was performed at a university hospital clinic in Sweden and recruited community-dwelling older adults with documented postural instability. The intervention consisted of progressively challenging balance exercise three times per week, during 4 weeks, with follow-up at week five. Main outcome measures were objective postural sway length during eyes open and eyes closed conditions. Results Sixty-five participants aged 70 years (balance exercise n = 32; no intervention n = 33) were randomized. 14 participants were excluded from analysis because of early dropout before follow-up at week five, leaving 51 (n = 22; n = 29) participants for analysis. No significant differences were detected between the groups in any of the postural sway outcomes. Within-group analyses showed significant improvements in hand grip strength for the intervention group, while Timed Up & Go improvements were comparable between groups but only statistically significant in the control group. Conclusions Performing balance exercise over a four-week intervention period did not acutely improve postural sway in balance-deficient older adults. The lower limit in duration and frequency to achieve positive effects remains unclear. Trial registration Clinical trials NCT03227666, July 24, 2017, retrospectively registered.

scholarly journals Implementation and effectiveness of a multi-domain program for older adults at risk of cognitive impairment at neighborhood senior centres

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Pei Ern Mary Ng ◽  
Sean Olivia Nicholas ◽  
Shiou Liang Wee ◽  
Teng Yan Yau ◽  
Alvin Chan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Older Adults ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mobile Application ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Attrition Rate ◽  
Control Group

AbstractTo address the paucity of research investigating the implementation of multi-domain dementia prevention interventions, we implemented and evaluated a 24-week, bi-weekly multi-domain program for older adults at risk of cognitive impairment at neighborhood senior centres (SCs). It comprised dual-task exercises, cognitive training, and mobile application-based nutritional guidance. An RCT design informed by the Reach, Effectiveness, Adoption, Implementation, Maintenance framework was adopted. Outcome measures include cognition, quality of life, blood parameters, and physical performance. Implementation was evaluated through questionnaires administered to participants, implementers, SC managers, attendance lists, and observations. The program reached almost 50% of eligible participants, had an attrition rate of 22%, and was adopted by 8.7% of the SCs approached. It was implemented as intended; only the nutritional component was re-designed due to participants’ unfamiliarity with the mobile application. While there were no between-group differences in cognition, quality of life, and blood parameters, quality of life reduced in the control group and physical function improved in the intervention group after 24 weeks. The program was well-received by participants and SCs. Our findings show that a multi-domain program for at-risk older adults has benefits and can be implemented through neighborhood SCs. Areas of improvement are discussed.Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04440969 retrospectively registered on 22 June 2020.

scholarly journals PENGARUH PROMOSI KESEHATAN MELALUI VIDEO VLOG TERHADAP TINGKAT PENGETAHUAN TENTANG PENYALAHGUNAAN NARKOBA PADA SISWA SISWI DI SMP STRADA MARGA MULIA JAKARTA SELATAN

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 59
Author(s):  
Agnes Berlina Printina
Keyword(s):  
High School ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Drug Abuse ◽  
Junior High School ◽  
Junior High ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
T Test ◽  
Control Group ◽  
P Value ◽  
Control Group Design

ABSTRAKPendahuluan: Penyalahgunaan narkoba merupakan masalah yang serius di berbagai negara bahkan di Indonesia. Keterbatasan informasi menjadi kendala kurangnya pengetahuan remaja tentang narkoba. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh video vlog terhadap tingkat pengetahuan tentang penyalahgunaan narkoba pada siswa siswi di SMP Strada Jakarta Selatan. Metode: Penelitian ini merupakan quasi eksperiment dengan pre -post test control group design yang dilakukan pada Oktober 2017. Kelompok kontrol terdiri dari 52 responden dari SMP Asisi Jakarta Selatan dan 67 responden merupakan kelompok intervensi dari SMP Strada Marga Mulia Jakarta Selatan. Responden didapatkan dengan cara Total Sampling. Data dianalisa dengan Uji t-test independent dan paired sampel t-test. Hasil: Penelitian ini menunjukan terdapat perbedaan tingkat pengetahuan antara kelompok kontrol yang tidak diberikan perlakuan dan kelompok intervensi yang diberikan promosi kesehatan melalui video vlog dengan p value 0,000. Penelitian ini juga menunjukan pengaruh yang signifikan terhadap tingkat pengetahuan pada kelompok intervensi dengan video vlog  p value 0,000. Simpulan: Promosi kesehatan dengan video vlog bagi siswa dapat meningkatkan pengetahuan tentang penyalahgunaan narkoba sehingga dapat terhindar dari penyalahgunaan  narkoba. Kata Kunci: promosi kesehatan,  pengetahuan,  narkoba, vlog ABSTRACT Introduction: Drug abuse is a serious problem in many countries include Indonesia. The limitdness informations of knowledge for teenegers being obstacle. This purpose of this study was to determine the influence of health promotion through a vlog toward on the level knowledge about drug abuse at students in Strada Marga Mulia Junior High School. Method: this study is an quasi eksperiment with pre test post test control group design that alrady implemented on October 2017. The control group consist of 52 respondents in Asisi Jakarta Selatan Junior High School and 62 respondents of intervention group in Strada Marga Mulia Junior High School. The respondents obtained by total sampling. The data are analysed with independent t-test anda paired sampel t-test. Result: this study show that there is difference of knowledge’s level between control group that no treatment and intervention group that significant health promotion through vlog with p value 0,000. This study show the significant influence toward knowledge level in intervention group of vlog with p value 0,000. Conclution: health promotion with vlog for students can improve the knowledge about drug abuse, allowing can be escape by drug abuse. Keywords: health promotion, knowledge, narcotics, vlog 

scholarly journals Implementation of a QTc-interval monitoring protocol by pharmacists to decrease cardiac risk in at-risk patients in an acute care inpatient psychiatric facility

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole M. Daniel ◽  
Kim Walsh ◽  
Henry Leach ◽  
Lauren Stummer
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
Acute Care ◽  
Medical Center ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Psychiatric Hospitals ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Qtc Interval ◽  
Psychiatric Facility ◽  
End Point ◽  
Monitoring Protocol

Abstract Introduction Many medications commonly prescribed in psychiatric hospitals can cause QTc-interval prolongation, increasing a patient's risk for torsades de pointes and sudden cardiac death. There is little guidance in the literature to determine when an electrocardiogram (ECG) and QTc-interval monitoring should be performed. The primary end point was improvement of the appropriateness of ECGs and QTc-interval monitoring of at-risk psychiatric inpatients at Barnabas Health Behavioral Health Center (BHBH) and Monmouth Medical Center (MMC) following implementation of a standardized monitoring protocol. The secondary end point was the number of pharmacist-specific interventions at site BHBH only. Methods Patients who met the inclusion criteria were assessed using a standardized QTc-prolongation assessment algorithm for ECG appropriateness. A retrospective analysis of a control group (no protocol) from January 1, 2016, to July 17, 2017, was compared with a prospective analysis of the intervention group (with protocol) from December 11, 2017, to March 11, 2018. Results At BHBH, appropriate ECG utilization increased 25.5% after implementation of a standardized protocol (P = .0172) and appropriate omission of ECG utilization improved by 26% (P < .00001). At MMC, appropriate ECGs decreased by 5%, and appropriate ECG omissions increased by 28%, neither of which were statistically significant (P = 1.0 and P = .3142, respectively). There was an increase in overall pharmacist monitoring. Discussion The study demonstrated that pharmacist involvement in ECG and QTc-interval monitoring utilizing a uniform protocol may improve the appropriateness of ECG and QTc-interval monitoring in patients in an acute care inpatient psychiatric hospital.

scholarly journals Effects of gait retraining with focus on impact versus gait retraining with focus on cadence on pain, function and lower limb kinematics in runners with patellofemoral pain: Protocol of a randomized, blinded, parallel group trial with 6-month follow-up

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. e0250965
Author(s):  
José Roberto de Souza Júnior ◽  
Pedro Henrique Reis Rabelo ◽  
Thiago Vilela Lemos ◽  
Jean-Francois Esculier ◽  
João Pedro da Silva Carto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lower Limb ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Patellofemoral Pain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Gait Retraining ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Clinical Applicability ◽  
Limb Kinematics ◽  
Lower Limb Kinematics

Patellofemoral pain (PFP) is one of the most prevalent injuries in runners. Unfortunately, a substantial part of injured athletes do not recover fully from PFP in the long-term. Although previous studies have shown positive effects of gait retraining in this condition, retraining protocols often lack clinical applicability because they are time-consuming, costly for patients and require a treadmill. The primary objective of this study will be to compare the effects of two different two-week partially supervised gait retraining programs, with a control intervention; on pain, function and lower limb kinematics of runners with PFP. It will be a single-blind randomized clinical trial with six-month follow-up. The study will be composed of three groups: a group focusing on impact (group A), a group focusing on cadence (group B), and a control group that will not perform any intervention (group C). The primary outcome measure will be pain assessed using the Visual Analog Pain scale during running. Secondary outcomes will include pain during daily activities (usual), symptoms assessed using the Patellofemoral Disorders Scale and lower limb running kinematics in the frontal (contralateral pelvic drop; hip adduction) and sagittal planes (foot inclination; tibia inclination; ankle dorsiflexion; knee flexion) assessed using the MyoResearch 3.14—MyoVideo (Noraxon U.S.A. Inc.). The study outcomes will be evaluated before (t0), immediately after (t2), and six months (t24) after starting the protocol. Our hypothesis is that both partially supervised gait retraining programs will be more effective in reducing pain, improving symptoms, and modifying lower limb kinematics during running compared with the control group, and that the positive effects from these programs will persist for six months. Also, we believe that one gait retraining group will not be superior to the other. Results from this study will help improve care in runners with PFP, while maximizing clinical applicability as well as time and cost-effectiveness.

scholarly journals The importance of NT proBNP in hypertensive patients management for preventing heart failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 68 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-76
Author(s):  
Irina Cuciureanu ◽  
◽  
Anamaria-Georgiana Avram ◽  
Maria Suzana Guberna ◽  
Cătălina Liliana Andrei ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
At Risk ◽  
Diastolic Dysfunction ◽  
Medical Management ◽  
Systolic Dysfunction ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Cardiovascular Pathology ◽  
Hypertensive Patients ◽  
Patients At Risk

Purpose. NT proBNP is routinely used in the diagnosis and prognosis of HF. The study aimed to determine whether the value of NT proBNP can be used in hypertensive patients to detect patients at risk of developing HF and whether in these patients medical management guided by NT proBNP can prevent the development of HF. Material and methods. We included 275 hypertensive patients who presented to the Bagdasar-Arseni Emergency Hospital for cardiological consultation for a period of 3 years. Patients diagnosed with heart failure or left ventricular systolic dysfunction and patients with symptoms of heart failure at enrollment were excluded. We divided the patients into 2 groups, a control group and an intervention group. Patients in the intervention group were managed according to the NT proBNP value, and patients in the control group received standard treatment. Results. The objectives pursued at 3 years were: diagnosis of heart failure, systolic or diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle and hospitalization for cardiovascular pathology. After 3 years, in the control group there were 34 patients (25.4%) who developed HF, compared to 24 patients (17.0%) in the intervention group. In the control group, 51 patients (38.1%) were diagnosed with LV systolic dysfunction compared to 37 patients (26.2%) in the intervention group. Regarding diastolic LV dysfunction, in the control group there were 83 patients (61.9%), and in the intervention group there were 73 patients (51.8%). Also, the rate of hospitalizations for cardiovascular pathology was higher in the control group 47 patients (35.1%) compared to 27 patients (19.1%) in the intervention group. Discussions. Hypertensive patients in the intervention group, who were managed according to the NT proBNP value, had a lower incidence rate of heart failure, LV systolic or diastolic dysfunction, or hospitalizations for cardiovascular events than in the control group. Conclusions. The value of NT proBNP may be useful for detecting hypertensive patients at risk of developing HF, and NT proBNP-guided medical management may prevent or delay the onset of HF.

Evaluating the effects of a mindfulness mobile application on student pharmacists’ stress, burnout, and mindfulness

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Angela Chu ◽  
Tyler M Rose ◽  
Danielle A Gundrum ◽  
Tressa E McMorris ◽  
Eytan A Klausner ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Application ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Secondary Outcome ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intervention Period ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Waitlist Control Group

Abstract Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles, AJHP is posting manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose Pharmacists report high levels of burnout. Mindfulness approaches have been demonstrated to have positive results in the general population and in other healthcare professions. However, limited studies have been performed evaluating mindfulness approaches in student pharmacists. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of daily use of a mindfulness mobile application in improving student pharmacists’ perceived stress, burnout, and mindfulness. Methods This study was a randomized, longitudinal, waitlist-controlled trial. The intervention group was asked to meditate using the mindfulness application Headspace daily for at least 6 weeks. The waitlist control group was asked to abstain from using the application for the entire study. Stress, burnout, and mindfulness were assessed using validated survey instruments at baseline, 6 weeks, and 10 weeks. A secondary outcome was to assess the persistence of application use after the intervention period. Results Fifty-six participants completed the study. The intervention group reported significantly lower scores on stress and burnout at 6 weeks compared to the control group. The intervention group also reported significantly higher scores on mindfulness. The differences in stress, burnout, and mindfulness persisted at follow-up. The mean percentage of students in the intervention group who used the application each day was 90% over the intervention period and 62% over the follow-up period. Conclusion A mindfulness mobile application significantly improved student pharmacists’ stress, burnout, and mindfulness with daily use. Most participants continued to use the application for 4 weeks after the end of the intervention. Positive effects on stress and mindfulness persisted even with decreased use.

Reading comprehension gains in a differentiated reading intervention in Spanish based on the Simple View

2020 ◽  
pp. 026565902096798
Author(s):  
Gabriela Silva-Maceda ◽  
Blanca Flor Camarillo-Salazar
Keyword(s):  
Reading Comprehension ◽  
Listening Comprehension ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Group Versus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Simple View ◽  
Comprehension Skill ◽  
School Year ◽  
Mixed Analysis ◽  
Post Test

This experimental study aimed to influence reading comprehension skills through the development of one or both components of the Simple View of Reading (decoding and listening comprehension), by using a differentiated instruction approach. Reading comprehension skill gains were compared in an intervention group versus a control, after the delivery of a program designed to target one or both of such components. Fifty-four children from two 1st grade classrooms in a public school in Mexico were screened for difficulties in decoding and listening comprehension at the end of the school year. At the beginning of 2nd grade, 27 students identified with difficulties were randomly assigned to either an intervention ( n = 14) or a control group ( n = 13). Students selected for the targeted intervention attended the sessions aimed at their specific needs: five students with poor decoding only received the Phonological and Orthographic Awareness sessions of the intervention (9 sessions); seven students with poor listening comprehension only attended the Oral Vocabulary sessions (5 sessions); two students with mixed difficulties attended the full program (14 sessions). A 2 × 2 mixed analysis of variance showed that the interaction between the Time and Group variables had a significant effect, i.e. students in the intervention group had significantly higher scores in the post-test evaluation with respect to their baseline and compared to the growth observed in the control group. Results are discussed concerning their implications for teaching practices and for the use of strategies that target reading specific difficulties in students using both oral and written language.

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