scholarly journals EXPRESS: The Signal Value of Crowdfunded Products

2021 ◽  
pp. 002224372110124
Author(s):  
Oguz A. Acar ◽  
Darren W. Dahl ◽  
Christoph Fuchs ◽  
Martin Schreier

Crowdfunding has emerged as an alternative means of financing new ventures by utilizing the financial support of a large group of individual investors. In this research, we ask a novel question: does being crowdfunded carry any signal value for the broader market of observing consumers? Seven studies reveal a consumer preference for “crowdfunded products”, even after controlling for a product’s objective product characteristics. We identify two inferences that help explain this effect: (1) consumers perceive crowdfunded products to be of higher quality, and (2) they believe that supporting crowdfunding reduces inequality in the marketplace. We further document an important boundary condition of the first inference: our identified effect reverses in high risk domains (e.g., products that involve high physical risk), due to consumer perceptions that the crowdfunding model lacks sufficient professionalism to mitigate risk. With regard to the second inference, we find that the positive crowdfunding effect is particularly strong among consumers who value social equality. Taken together, our work sheds new light on consumer perceptions of crowdfunding, elucidates why and when consumers prefer crowdfunded products, and offers actionable implications for managers.

2020 ◽  
pp. 002224372097044
Author(s):  
Bonnie Simpson ◽  
Martin Schreier ◽  
Sally Bitterl ◽  
Katherine White

Crowdfunding has emerged as an alternative means of financing new ventures wherein a large number of individuals collectively back a project. This research specifically examines reward-based crowdfunding, in which those who take part in the crowdfunding process receive the new product for which funding is sought in return for their financial support. This work illustrates that consumers make fundamentally different decisions when considering whether to contribute their money to crowdfund versus purchase a product. Six studies demonstrate that compared with a traditional purchase, crowdfunding more strongly activates an interdependent mindset and, as a result, increases consumer demand for social-good products (i.e., products with positive social and/or environmental impact). The research further highlights that an active involvement in the crowdfunding process is necessary to increase demand for social-good products: when a previously crowdfunded product is already to market, the effect is eliminated. Finally, it is demonstrated that crowdfunding participants exhibit an increased demand for social-good products only when collective efficacy (i.e., one’s belief in the collective’s ability to bring about change) is high.


Circulation ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 125 (suppl_10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kiarri N Kershaw ◽  
Arlene L Hankinson ◽  
Mercedes R Carnethon

Background: Chronic stress associated with living in poverty may lead to higher levels of adiposity due to the adoption of obesity-promoting stress coping behaviors. Social support may provide an alternative means of coping with stress, but very few studies have investigated whether high levels of social support can mitigate the adverse impact of poverty on adiposity. Hypothesis: We hypothesized that social support modified the association between poverty and BMI whereby the association of poverty with BMI was weaker among adults who reported higher social support. Methods: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (2005–2008) participants ages 40+ (n=5,768) responded to questions about availability and adequacy of emotional social support (adequate, inadequate, and none) and about availability of financial support (yes/no). Poverty was defined as a poverty:income ratio ≤ 1.3. BMI (kg/m 2 ) was calculated from measured height and weight. Sex-stratified multivariable linear regression with interaction terms for poverty and each measure of social support were used to test for effect measure modification in the relationships between poverty and BMI. Associations of each measure of social support with BMI were modeled separately. Results: Approximately 74.7% of women and 78.3% of men reported adequate emotional support. Available financial support was reported by 80.3% of women and 73.6% of men. Among women, higher poverty was related to higher mean BMI (beta=0.96; SE=0.32). Women who reported adequate emotional support had lower BMI than those who reported inadequate support (beta= −0.83; SE=0.35). Those who reported no available emotional support also had marginally lower mean BMI than women who reported inadequate support (beta= −1.27; SE=0.65; P =0.06). Women who reported having available financial support had lower BMI than those who reported no financial support (beta= −0.97; SE=0.40). There were no significant social support*poverty interactions. The relationship between poverty and BMI was similar in magnitude across levels of emotional support. Poverty was related to higher mean BMI for women who reported available financial support (beta=1.14; SE=0.45) but there was no difference in BMI among those who reported none (beta=0.02; SE=0.54). Neither measure of support was associated with BMI among men. Conclusions: Inadequate emotional support was associated with higher mean BMI in women than those who reported adequate support and those who reported no support. Lack of financial support was also associated with higher mean BMI in women. High social support did not offset the impact of poverty on BMI among women, suggesting social support may not be a sufficient strategy for coping with the stress of poverty.


2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aldri Dolly Fernando ◽  
Riri Mayliza

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of consumer perceptions and preferences on the purchase decision of fried chicken fast food on d'besto in the Siteba branch city of Padang. The variables in this study are Perception (X1), Consumer Preference (X2) and Purchase Decision (Y). The sample used was 92 people, the sampling technique used was purposive sampling method. Data collection used a questionnaire, while data analysis techniques were performed using multiple linear regression analysis. The results showed that the perception variables had a positive and significant effect (0.037 <0.05) on purchasing decisions. Consumer preference variables have a positive and significant effect (0.000 <0.05) on purchasing decisions. It is expected that the next researcher will be able to use research as a reference which will provide a comparison in conducting further research and useful for d'besto.


2007 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 147470490700500 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. William Farthing

Farthing (2005) tested a prediction derived from costly-signaling theory, that women would prefer physical risk takers (brave, athletic, fit) over risk-avoiders as long-term mates. Using scenarios involving high-risk acts, the prediction was confirmed for heroic (brave, altruistic) but not for non-heroic (brave, non-altruistic) acts. Apparently, women's concerns over risks to their mates overrode any positive signal value of men's risk taking, when the acts were highly risky and had no redeeming practical value. The present studies revisited the costly-signaling hypothesis using both medium- and high-risk scenarios, and it was predicted that for non-heroic acts women would prefer risk takers over risk avoiders for medium-level risks but not for highly risky acts. The prediction was supported in two studies. In Study 1, risk takers were preferred for non-heroic medium-risk acts, but risk avoiders were preferred for high-risk acts. For heroic acts, risk takers were preferred for both high- and medium-risk acts. Study 2 crossed two act risk levels with two actor skill levels, with non-heroic risks. Risk takers were preferred for the least risky combination (medium-risk act, high-skill actor) and also for the two moderately risky combinations, but risk avoiders were preferred for the riskiest combination (high-risk act, medium-skill actor). In Study 1, participants compared high-level risk takers versus risk avoiders on several person adjectives. Both heroic and non-heroic risk takers were perceived as more brave, athletic, physically fit, impulsive, attention-seeking, and foolish, and less emotionally stable and self-controlled, compared to risk avoiders. But only heroic risk takers were perceived as more altruistic, agreeable, conscientious, and sexy than risk avoiders.


Author(s):  
Andreas Petasis ◽  
Anthi Louroutziati

In most European countries, consumer demand for organic is increasing. In Northern Europe, the state and professional bodies provide financial support to producers and information campaigns. So, is Cyprus on offer for organic crops? Is there a consumer response? Is the farmer aware of organic farming? The current study collects primary data to determine the perception of consumers regarding organic products in Cyprus at on hand, and secondly to examine if consumers in Cyprus are satisfied using organic food. For the purposes of this research, a structured questionnaire was used collecting 100 consumer responses from the Nicosia area of Cyprus. Results show that Cypriot consumer have favorable opinion and attitude towards organic food products, though there is much to be done to increase the consumption of organic food.


Author(s):  
Jeff Thomas

It may sound trivial, yet how we define accredited investor (AI) is critical. Among other things, U.S. securities laws and regulations make it easier for AIs to invest in privately held companies through “exempt offerings,” which are offerings not “registered” under the 1933 Securities Act. This results in AIs having investment opportunities that are unavailable to non-accredited investors (non-AIs). Moreover, the amount raised in exempt offerings has been increasing both absolutely and relative to the amount raised in registered offerings. In fact, the Director of the SEC’s Division of Corporate Finance recently indicated that “[c]ompanies raised $2.9 trillion in private markets [in 2018], compared to $1.4 trillion in public markets . . . .” The importance of making more exempt offerings available to current non-AIs is frequently noted. Further, the pool of capital available to new ventures is essentially limited to the amount AIs are willing and able to invest. This is because it is too expensive for new ventures to participate in registered (i.e., public) offerings. It is also well established that these entrepreneurial ventures, which frequently need additional capital, have a significant impact on our economy. Thus, converting current non-AIs into AIs would create new investment opportunities, provide a much needed source of capital for entrepreneurial ventures, and have an economic impact. To date, the AI definition has ignored the sophistication of individual investors. Instead, it has focused solely on one’s net worth and income. Commentators, including the SEC, have repeatedly noted potential shortcomings with this approach. But, the need to protect investors has provided the justification for tolerating these shortcomings. This Article argues that AI should be redefined to welcome investors who demonstrate an ability to fend for themselves by passing a relevant exam. More specifically, Part II of this Article reviews the current AI definition and population. Part III provides examples of how the AI definition impacts investments in private companies and the secondary trading of such securities. Part IV summarizes recent proposals to expand the current AI definition. Finally, Part V takes an in-depth look at one of the proposals: letting investors test into AI status. Part V also explains how such an exam could be linked to two other responsible ways to expand the AI pool: putting investment limits on AIs and recognizing the value of experience gained by actually investing in exempt offerings.


2021 ◽  
pp. 70-87
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Włosik

This part of the monograph is related to initial coin offering – a mechanism that allows blockchain-based companies or projects to obtain financing. In return for financial support, ICO participants are offered different types of digital tokens – payment, utility or investment tokens. The chapter contains the systematization of issues related to ICO and tokens as well as a description of stages of initial coin offering. The SWOT analysis of ICO highlights the strengths and opportunities related to ICO – inter alia the possibility of portfolio diversification and the limited access for individual investors to early-stage investments (apart from ICO). Also the weaknesses of initial coin offering (e.g. the need to prepare a due diligence by an investor) and associated risks (e.g. regulatory uncertainty) are considered. Moreover, the author identifies research areas related to ICO. They include, among others, the identification of ICO success factors and the identification of factors affecting the rates of return on tokens.


Author(s):  
Putri Lisdiyanti ◽  
Fatma Aula Nursyifa ◽  
Riskiatul Mutamima ◽  
Finka Yuanita ◽  
Gita Marini

ABSTRACT  Occurrence at risk of infection, risk of injury and stress of hospitalization are three events that often occur in children who are hospitalized with infusion. During this time the efforts of these events have only been overcome by the installation of a buffer on the hand and fixation with gauze rolls that are looped on the child's arm only so that this can only reduce the risk of infection. Provision of infusion nest products (infusion gloves) is an effort to prevent and reduce the occurrence of these three events. Infusion nest products are creative innovations that have been made because so far there are no similar products in hospitals.Marketing research on consumers of nest infusion products is carried out to determine the potential of the market and the behaviors that develop in consumers so that clear information about the customers of infusion nest products can be obtained, especially in hospitals that are sheltered by Muhammadiyah Hospital in Surabaya-Sidoarjo. One of the important data to analyze is data about certain segments of the customer and how the infusion nest producers are able to place their product position on consumer perceptions. This is very important to determine the marketing strategy. appropriate.Customers from hospitals that are in large numbers in Surabaya and scattered are certainly not possible to analyze all, so we need a marketing research procedure by taking samples. samples designed to obtain data on demographic characteristics, psychography, behavior and consumer preferences. In addition, information about perceptual maping from consumers on infusion nest products is needed to find out the map of respondents' perceptions of the nest infusion product attributes. From consumer preference data on marketing attributes of nest infusion products customer segmentation can be done to obtain information about groups of customers based on the choice of the most important attributes. In addition, each segment can be described the characteristics of psychography, demographics and behavior to see the characteristics of each segment. The data about positioning provides information on product position in customer perceptions based on marketing attributes that are superior to infusion nest products.From the data obtained from filling out the questionnaire after validation through Focus Group Discussion with child nurse nurses in two Muhammadiyah Hospital (RS) namely Siti Khodijah Hospital Along and RSIA Aisyiah Pacarkeling Surabaya it was found that infusion nest customers, can be grouped into 2 groups with preference characteristics, demographics, psychography, and different behaviors. While the positioning of infusion nest products in consumer perceptions is still relatively close to a number of superior attributes, such as there are no similar products on the market, products are comfortable for children, products can make it easier for nurses to observe infusion conditions in accordance with hospital accreditation but prices offered by producers can increase the cost of installing IVs so that they can only be temporarily reached by patient patients non BPJS users.Keywords                   : Infusion nest products, positioningCorrespondence to       : [email protected] ABSTRAK  Kejadian Resiko Infeksi, resiko cidera dan stress hospitalisasi merupakan tiga kejadian yang seringkali terjadi pada anak yang mengalami rawat inap yang terpasang infus. Selama ini upaya kejadian tersebut hanya diatasi dengan pemasangan penyangga pada tangan dan fiksasi dengan kasa gulung yang dilingkarkan pada lengan anak saja sehingga hal ini hanya dapat mengurangi kejadian resiko infeksi saja. Pemberian produk sarang infus (sarung tangan infus) merupakan upaya untuk mencegah dan mengurangi terjadinya  ketiga kejadian tersebut. Produk sarang infus merupakan inovasi kreatif yang telah dibuat karena selama ini tidak ada produk serupa yang ada di rumah sakit.Riset pemasaran terhadap konsumen produk sarang infus dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi – potensi pasar dan prilaku – prilaku yang berkembang pada konsumen sehingga dapat diperoleh informasi yang jelas tentang pelanggan produk sarang infus khususnya di Rumah Sakit yang bernaung pada persyarikatan Muhammadiyah di Surabaya-Sidoarjo. Salah satu data yang penting untuk di analisis adalah data tentang segmen – segmen tertentu dari pelanggan serta bagaimana produsen sarang infus tersebut mampu menempatkan posisi produknya pada persepsi konsumen. Hal ini sangat penting untuk menentukan strategi pemasaran. yang sesuai. Pelanggan dari rumah sakit yang jumlahnya banyak di Surabaya dan terpencar – pencar tentunya tidak mungkin kita analisis semua, sehingga diperlukan prosedur riset pemasaran dengan melakukan pengambilan sampel. sampel yang didesain untuk men -dapatkan data tentang karakteristik demografi, psikografi, prilaku dan preferensi konsumen. Selain itu informasi tentang perceptual maping dari konsumen terhadap produk sarang infus sangat diperlukan untuk mengetahui peta persepsi responden terhadap atribut produk sarang infus. Dari data preferensi konsumen terhadap atribut pemasaran produk sarang infus dapat dilakukan segmentasi pelanggan untuk memperoleh informasi tentang kelompok – kelompok pelanggan berdasarkan pilihan terhadap atribut yang paling dipentingkan. Selain itu masing – masing segmen dapat dideskripsikan karakteristik psikografi, demografi dan prilakunya untuk melihat ciri – ciri yang dimiliki masing – masing segmen. Adapun data tentang positioning memberikan informasi posisi produk dalam persepsi pelanggan berdasarkan atribut pemasaran yang diunggulkan pleh produk sarang infus.Dari data yang diperoleh dari pengisian kuisioner setelah validasi melalui Fokus Group Discussion dengan perawat perawat anak di dua Rumah sakit (RS) Muhammadiyah yaitu RS Siti Khodijah Sepanjang dan RSIA Aisyiah Pacarkeling Surabaya didapatkan bahwa pelanggan sarang infus, dapat dikelompokkan menjadi 2 kelompok dengan karakteristik preferensi, demografi, psikografi, dan prilaku yang berbeda – beda. Sedangkan positioning produk sarang infus dalam persepsi konsumen masih  relatif berdekatan untuk beberapa atribut yang diunggulkan, seperti belum ada produk serupa di pasar, produk nyaman dipakai oleh anak-anak, produk dapat memudahkan perawat untuk mengobservasi kondisi infus sesuai dengan tujuan akreditasi rumah sakit namun harga yang ditawarkan produsen dapat meningkatkan biaya pasang infus sehingga untuk sementara hanya dapat dijangkau oleh pasien pasien non pengguna BPJS.Kata kunci                  : produk sarang infus, positioning,segmentasiKorespondensi             : [email protected]


2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4.38) ◽  
pp. 1282
Author(s):  
Arry Widodo ◽  
Retno Setyorini ◽  
M. Munadi Al Khairi

Every human being needs a house that is not only for shelter and family activity as well as a means of investment, but also required to accommodate the needs and desires of the owner such as, strategic location, good and sturdy building, and comfortable environment. In the development of residential choosing eco-friendly concept, PT. Ciputra Residence is one of the developers who are developing real estate and commercial area based on environmentally friendly. Population and household growth and supported by government regulations on residential concept that offer "green" building, will increase consumer perception and preference towards decent and comfortable occupancy. The concept of eco-friendly development can be a solution to understand the environment as a whole. Buildings built with the concept of environmentally friendly turns out to have more high selling value. This further proves to the people's awareness of the environment. Based on these problems, this study aims to determine the effect of consumer perceptions and preferences on the process of purchasing decision of green product (study at PT Ciputra Housing Citra Raya Tangerang).This research method is quantitative research with kind of causal description. The measurement scale used is Likert scale. The population of this research is the resident of Citra Raya Tangerang housing. The sampling technique used is Non Probability Sampling with Incidental Sampling type. Data analysis method used is Structural Equation Modeling (SEM).Based on the result of research can be concluded that consumer perception in good category, consumer preference in good category, decision process of purchase of green product occupancy in good category, and from result of SEM analysis that environment influence variable have significant influence to decision process of purchase of green product occupancy.   


2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 97-98
Author(s):  
Bridget Wasser

Abstract The number one driver of consumer demand for beef and beef products is taste. The beef industry continuously measures consumer perceptions of beef and performance of beef products against evolving consumer expectations. In order to maintain consumer preference for beef taste attributes, the industry has dedicated years of meat science research to improve its product and measure its progress. This session will share the outcomes of both technical and consumer research focused on beef palatability.


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