The auto-colectivo: A cultural history of the shared taxi in Buenos Aires (1928–33)

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-71
Author(s):  
Dhan Zunino Singh
Keyword(s):  
Cultural History ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Car Culture ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Form ◽  
Mode Of Transport

By the late 1920s, Buenos Aires already had a large tramway network, buses, an underground line, and railways. However, on 24 September 1928 a new form of public transport burst onto the scene: the auto-colectivo. Organised in small companies without municipal authorisation, taxi drivers began using their cars for public transport. Analysing technological transformations in the transportation sector from a cultural–historical perspective, this paper focuses on both the controversies sparked by the auto-colectivo, and the resignification of attributes of modern transport (speed, comfort, safety) prompted by this new form of public transportation. This service, which spontaneously emerged ‘from below’ as a result of the taxi drivers’ self-organisation, ‘socialised’ the use of the automobile and brought on a new (but short-lived) mobility experience. It is argued that the latter was an experience of passengering that played an important role in the success of this mode of transport, in the context of the rising of car culture and a bad reputation of trams and buses.

Urban Formalism

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Faflik
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
New York ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Subjective Experience ◽  
The West ◽  
Urban Experience ◽  
Street Protest ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Form ◽  
The City

Urban Formalism radically reimagines what it meant to “read” a brave new urban world during the transformative middle decades of the nineteenth century. At a time when contemporaries in the twin capitals of modernity in the West, New York and Paris, were learning to make sense of unfamiliar surroundings, city peoples increasingly looked to the experiential patterns, or forms, from their everyday lives in an attempt to translate urban experience into something they could more easily comprehend. Urban Formalism interrogates both the risks and rewards of an interpretive practice that depended on the mutual relation between urbanism and formalism, at a moment when the subjective experience of the city had reached unprecedented levels of complexity. What did it mean to read a city sidewalk as if it were a literary form, like a poem? On what basis might the material form of a burning block of buildings be received as a pleasurable spectacle? How closely aligned were the ideology and choreography of the political form of a revolutionary street protest? And what were the implications of conceiving of the city’s exciting dynamism in the static visual form of a photographic composition? These are the questions that Urban Formalism asks and begins to answer, with the aim of proposing a revisionist semantics of the city. This book not only provides an original cultural history of forms. It posits a new form of urban history, comprised of the representative rituals of interpretation that have helped give meaningful shape to metropolitan life.

On the Heels of Juan Moreira: Lessons for the Cultural History of Reading

PMLA ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 157-163
Author(s):  
William G. Acree
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
South America ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Real Life ◽  
History Of Reading ◽  
Río De La Plata ◽  
The Real ◽  
La Plata ◽  
History Of

Between November 1879 and January 1880, the argentine author Eduardo Gutierrez published a serialized narrative of the life of Juan Moreira in the Buenos Aires newspaper La Patria Argentina. Titled simply Juan Moreira, the heroic tale of the real-life outlaw went like this: Moreira was a good gaucho gone bad, who fought to preserve his honor against the backdrop of modernizing forces that were transforming life in this part of South America. His string of crimes and ultimate downfall resulted from his unjust persecution by corrupt state officials. The success of the serial surpassed all expectations. The paper's sales skyrocketed, and the melodramatic narrative soon appeared in book form. Enterprising printers produced tens of thousands of authorized and pirated editions to sell in the Rio de la Plata (Argentina and Uruguay), making Juan Moreira a leading example of everyday reading for the region's rapidly growing literate population and one of Latin America's pre-twentieth-century bestsellers (Acree, Everyday Reading; Gutiérrez, The Gaucho Juan Moreira).

scholarly journals The Comparison of Travellers’ Attitude towards Public Transport: A Study on the Modal Share in Kuala Lumpur

2015 ◽  
Vol 773-774 ◽  
pp. 861-865
Author(s):  
Noor Aqilah Ahmad Tajedi ◽  
Shafein Mohd Shahriman ◽  
S.M. Sabri S.M. Ismail ◽  
Intan Rohani Endut
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
City Centre ◽  
Kuala Lumpur ◽  
Huge Amount ◽  
Public And Private ◽  
Private Vehicle ◽  
Transportation Sector ◽  
Willingness To Use ◽  
Structured Questionnaire

Malaysia governments are seeing that the future of transportation to be creating an environmentally clean and sustainable for the benefit of the people.A huge amount of investment has been made by the governments towards a public transportation sector by expecting that the infrastructure and sustainability of transportation could change the number of modal share gradually. However, the numbers of modal share has not increased compared to private vehicle usage of Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Therefore, a study on the travellers (both public and private vehicle users) attitudes is important to help understand the similarity or differences that could explain the modal share. The purpose of this study is to compare the attitudes of travellers in the Kuala Lumpur city centre by analysing the similarities and differences of attitudes among Public Transport users (PT) and Private Transport users (PV). The attitude being studied is about travelling without any specification of modes, thus examining 1790 KL dwellers objectives and provide the basis for fair and just comparison with regard to PT and PV. The attitudes towards travelling were measured by a 5-point Likert scale using a structured questionnaire, and statistically analysed by applying factor analysis provided in SPSS. The study found that six attitudes define the attitudes of PT traveller towards travelling, and three attitudes were influencing PV travellers toward travelling. Based on this outcome, the key attitudes that influence travellers’ willingness to use public transport were discussed and identified. The results lead to understanding the attitudes of people towards travelling from the eye of public transport and private transport users. The understanding forms concrete basis for government to plan on strategies to shift private vehicle users and promote usage of public transport. For operators, the understanding also provides invaluable input for strategic planning of marketing effort/public policy.Keyword-TravellerAttitude,Age,Gender,Incomelevel,PublicVehicle,PrivateVehicle

scholarly journals Rapid Real-time Tracking of Nonpharmaceutical Interventions and Their Association With Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Positivity: The Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Pandemic Pulse Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J Clipman ◽  
Amy P Wesolowski ◽  
Dustin G Gibson ◽  
Smisha Agarwal ◽  
Anastasia S Lambrou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Mitigation Strategies ◽  
Social Distancing ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
History Of ◽  
Nonpharmaceutical Interventions

Abstract Background Current mitigation strategies for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) rely on the population-wide adoption of nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs). Monitoring the adoption of NPIs and their associations with SARS-CoV-2 infection history can provide key information for public health. Methods We sampled 1030 individuals in Maryland from 17–28 June 2020 to capture sociodemographically and geographically resolved information about NPI adoption and access to SARS-CoV-2 testing, and examine associations with self-reported SARS-CoV-2 positivity. Results Overall, 92% reported traveling for essential services and 66% visited friends/family. Use of public transport was reported by 18%. In total, 68% reported strict social distancing indoors and 53% reported strict masking indoors; indoor social distancing was significantly associated with age, and race/ethnicity and income were associated with masking. Overall, 55 participants (5.3%) self-reported ever testing positive for SARS-CoV-2, with strong dose-response relationships between several forms of movement frequency and SARS-CoV-2 positivity. In a multivariable analysis, a history of SARS-CoV-2 infection was negatively associated with strict social distancing (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] for outdoor social distancing, 0.10; 95% confidence interval, .03–.33). Only public transport use (aOR for >7 times vs never, 4.3) and visiting a place of worship (aOR for ≥3 times vs never, 16.0) remained significantly associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection after adjusting for strict social distancing and demographics. Conclusions These results support public health messaging that strict social distancing during most activities can reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Additional considerations are needed for indoor activities with large numbers of persons (places of worship and public transportation), where even NPIs may not be possible or sufficient.

Foreign Business-Host Government Relations: The Anglo Argentine Tramways Co. Ltd. of Buenos Aires, 1930–1966

Itinerario ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-96
Author(s):  
Raúl Garcia Heras
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Buenos Aires ◽  
Government Relations ◽  
The Great Depression ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
History Of ◽  
World Economic ◽  
Host Government ◽  
Economic Ties

From 1880 to 1930, Argentina received hundreds of millions of pounds of British investments, making it in an economic sense a British dominion. The world economic crisis of the 1930s forced both Britain and Argentina t o reconsider many of these economic ties. The changing Anglo-Argentine relationship is reflected in the complex relations between a British tramway company, the Anglo Argentine Tramways Co. Ltd., that operated in Buenos Aires and the Argentine national government between the onset of the Great Depression and the early 1960s. The Anglo, as the company was popularly known, was the main tramway concern diat offered public transportation and contributed to the urban development of a cosmopolitan Latin American metropolis until 1914. Second, the history of the company illustrates political and economic problems that plagued the links between foreign public utilities and the host government from the 1930s onwards. Third, since the Anglo belonged to SOFINA, a transnational holding company with worldwide investments in public transportation and electric power stations, our case study shows the limitations of Sofina's political power in Britain and Argentina.

scholarly journals User Preferences for Bus Map Design: Evidence from a Map Usability Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Mohd Shahmy Mohd Said ◽  
David Forrest
Keyword(s):  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Traffic Congestion ◽  
User Preferences ◽  
Modal Shift ◽  
Map Design ◽  
Bus Service ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Bus Services ◽  
The Impact

<p><strong>Abstract.</strong> This study represents the final stage of an investigation into understanding the variation in bus map design and the impact of map design preferences in public transportation information portrayal, with a particular focus on Malaysia. In many cities, bus services represent an important facet of easing traffic congestion and reducing pollution. However, with the entrenched car culture in many countries, persuading people to change their mode of transport is a major challenge. To promote this modal shift, people need to know what services are available and where (and when) they go. Bus service maps provide an invaluable element of providing suitable public transport information, but are often overlooked by transport planners, and are under-researched by cartographers. There are various approaches to the design of bus maps, but it is always an issue for the authorities to understand which designs are preferred by the public and which perform best in conveying the required information. A total of 100 Malaysians completed six journey-planning tasks using two network bus maps, which were different in designs. The two bus map designs involved in this study are based on previous map analysis research.</p><p>The study found that majority of respondents were competent as they successfully completed the journey planning task, with more than 80 percent of the tasks being answered correctly. Additional enquiries proved that the effective design used in a bus map can attract more users to use public transportation, thus provide evidence that map availability can play a part in enhancing public transport ridership.</p>

scholarly journals Consumer Perspective on Public Transport: The Medan–Pematang Siantar Route as a Case Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-8
Author(s):  
Dewi Budhiartini Juli Isnaini
Keyword(s):  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Safety Factor ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Service Users ◽  
City Development ◽  
Cost Factor ◽  
Consumer Perspective ◽  
Mode Of Transport

Development of public transportation is meant to bridge the divide between cities and encourage development results. The inter-city transportation opens up opportunities for the inter-city trade, reduces costs and increases labor mobility, thereby promoting the inter-city development opportunities. This study uses the factor and cluster analyses. Analysis of factors is performed to determine the most dominant factors. The cluster analysis is used to identify the advantages and disdvantages of five modes of transport, namely taxi, trade rail, economy bus, mini bus, and executive bus. This study aims to determine the perception of users of Medan-Pematang Siantar route service. The results of this study show that there are five dominant factors that are considered before the service users decide on the mode of transport to use, namely the comfort factor, which is the most important consideration, followed by the time factor, cost factor, accessibility factor and safety factor.

scholarly journals A Viability Study for Implementing Monorail as a Transit System for Urban Arterial Road: A Case Study of Ahmedabad.

10.29007/gbh7 ◽  
2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rewati Marathe
Keyword(s):  
Transport System ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Urban Transit ◽  
Transit System ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Arterial Road ◽  
Mode Of Transport ◽  
Public Transportation Planning

The aim of this study is to investigate an novel mode of transportation from Sarkhej Circle Ahmedabad to Pathika Gandhinagar i.e. arterial road and how this system will be viable to four basic criteria: Technically, Economically, safety and Ecofriendly. This study gives modern concepts of a single rail serving as a track for passenger or freight vehicles, gives information about land use and public transportation planning, speed and movement. Monorail vehicles havebenefited from modern transit technology.The purpose of this Study is to investigate the viability of monorail as a new urban transit option along a corridor under study of section Sarkhej circle to Gandhinagar. The study is to determine that ―Monorail‖ a fixed guideway technology known ―Automated Guideway Transit‖ be a sustainable transport system which provide mobility and accessibility to all urban residents in a safe and environment friendly mode of transport. One alternative with the development of modern public transport system is monorail. A monorail as public transport very helpful for people in their daily activities also reduces the use of private vehicles and to reduce environmental pollution i.e. ecofriendly.

scholarly journals MOTIVASI PEKERJA OJEK KONVENSIONAL DALAM PERSAINGAN BISNIS TRANSPORTASI ONLINE (STUDI PADA JASA OJEK PANGKALAN DI KECAMATAN NGALIYAN KOTA SEMARANG)

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (2) ◽  
pp. 221
Author(s):  
Dian Triyani Triyani ◽  
Lulus Prapti ◽  
Aprih Santoso
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Commitment ◽  
Work Environment ◽  
Public Transport ◽  
Public Transportation ◽  
Research Problem ◽  
Taxi Driver ◽  
Research Implementation ◽  
Taxi Drivers ◽  
Compensation Factor ◽  
Motorcycle Taxi

<p><em>Ojek is an informal public transport in Indonesia in the form of a motorcycle. Recently appeared a new breakthrough in terms of public transportation, which is an online motorcycle taxi that can be ordered through a smartphone. The conventional motorcycle taxi drivers who move to ojek online make conventional motorcycle taxi drivers complain. The formulation of this research problem is how conventional motorcycle taxi driver motivation in facing the business competition of transportation.This research was conducted at motorbike bases in Ngaliyan sub-district. Period of research implementation starting from October 2017. The focus will be investigated by researchers is the conventional motorcycle taxi drivers in the district Ngaliyan. Interviews were conducted on five conventional motorcycle taxi drivers.The results showed that the compensation factor, commitment, and work environment influence the motivation of conventional motorcycle taxi in maintaining their job and can face the competition of transportation business. The more acceptable compensation, high organizational commitment, and a good working the more motivated the worker will be to keep his job.</em></p>

Conclusion

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark Blacklock
Keyword(s):  
Twentieth Century ◽  
Cultural History ◽  
Dimensional Space ◽  
Cultural Work ◽  
Scientific Concepts ◽  
Early Twentieth Century ◽  
Higher Dimensional ◽  
History Of ◽  
New Form

The conclusion argues that higher space has always been described as analogous to the imagination itself, referencing arguments made by William Spottiswoode. It summarizes the cultural history of higher space charted over the course of the book and what is described within it: the emergence of a new form of spatial imaginary that has conditioned a new kind of subject. It suggests routes for further research into the ideas of expanded spatiality in the early twentieth century. It argues, following Gillian Beer, that the forms of mistranslation encountered when scientific concepts are treated in literature are generative: in the context of higher-dimensional space, ideas developed in geometry crossed diverse cultural terrains producing hybrid concepts that continue to generate and inform cultural work.

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