Bacteriological and pathological investigations on the preputial glands of one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice maintained in individually ventilated cages

2021 ◽  
pp. 002367722110559
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Di Caro ◽  
Lucia Minoli ◽  
Marzia Ferrario ◽  
Gerardo Marsella ◽  
Gianpaolo Milite ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Laboratory Animals ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Inflammatory Score ◽  
Haematological Changes ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
One Year ◽  
Inflammatory Changes ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Spontaneous infections of the preputial glands represent overlooked health problems in mice that could raise welfare concerns and potentially confound scientific experiments. Agents involved in preputial gland infections have rarely been investigated, with opportunistic pathogens of laboratory animals usually detected in inflamed preputial glands. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of bacterial infection in the preputial glands and the relationship between haematological and pathological changes and infection status. We analysed 40 preputial glands from 20 one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl male mice by using bacteriology, haematology and pathology. Bacteria were isolated from 16/20 (80%) mice, for a total of 32/40 (80%) examined preputial glands. Enterobacter cloacae, Pasteurella spp., Klebsiella spp. and Staphylococcus aureus were identified in 35%, 17.5%, 15% and 12.5% of the examined glands, respectively. Preputial gland inflammation was identified in 29/40 (72.5%) glands and was classified as chronic interstitial adenitis in 27 cases and suppurative adenitis in the remaining two glands. No haematological changes were found in mice with infected glands. Histologically, the presence of intralesional bacteria, intraluminal necrotic material, intraluminal keratin accumulation, interstitial inflammatory cell infiltrate and granulocytes (intraluminal and/or interstitial), along with total inflammatory score and total histopathological score, were significantly increased in infected glands and correlated with the bacterial load. Most severe inflammatory changes were identified after S. aureus infection, while ductal hyperkeratosis was significantly increased in glands infected with Klebsiella spp. In conclusion, preputial gland infection was a common event in one-year-old C57BL/6NCrl mice, and bacterial load correlated with pathological findings, while systemic effects were not highlighted by haematology.

EFFECT OF α-MELANOCYTE-STIMULATING HORMONE AND OVARIAN STEROIDS ON PREPUTIAL GLAND FUNCTION IN THE FEMALE RAT

1981 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 53-58 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. M. DONOHOE ◽  
A. J. THODY ◽  
S. SHUSTER
Keyword(s):  
Pituitary Hormones ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Melanocyte Stimulating Hormone ◽  
Experienced Male ◽  
Hypophysectomized Rats ◽  
Gland Function ◽  
Preputial Glands

Sexually experienced male rats were used to test the attractiveness of preputial gland odours of female rats. The male rats showed a clear preference for the preputial gland odours of hypophysectomized females given oestradiol benzoate (OB) for 3 or 8 days to those of control rats. Progesterone treatment had no effect on the attractiveness of the preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized female rats. Administration of α-MSH for either 3 or 8 days, on the other hand, increased the attractiveness to male rats of preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized females and the presence of progesterone produced no further change. When administered alone α-MSH had no effect on the attractiveness of the preputial gland odours. Other pituitary hormones, such as ACTH and prolactin, had no effect on the attractiveness of preputial gland odours of OB-treated hypophysectomized rats when administered for 3[unk]days. An increase in preputial gland size was only seen when OB, progesterone and α-MSH were administered together. It would appear that no relationship exists between the size of the preputial glands and their ability to attract male rats. It is concluded that, while α-MSH and progesterone may be important in controlling growth of the preputial glands, an interaction between α-MSH and oestrogen is more important for regulating the production of sex attractants by the preputial glands.

Toll-like receptor-4 genotype influences the survival of cystic fibrosis mice

2010 ◽  
Vol 299 (2) ◽  
pp. G381-G390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan C. Canale-Zambrano ◽  
Meagan L. Auger ◽  
Christina K. Haston
Keyword(s):  
Cystic Fibrosis ◽  
Cell Proliferation ◽  
Double Mutant ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Intestinal Disease ◽  
Intestinal Cell ◽  
Inflammatory Cell Infiltrate ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Bacterial Classification ◽  
Crypt Cell Proliferation

Toll-like receptor (Tlr) 4 is a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) receptor that contributes to the regulation of intestinal cell homeostasis, a condition that is altered in the intestines of cystic fibrosis mice. Herein, we assessed whether Tlr4 genotype influences cystic fibrosis intestinal disease by producing and phenotyping 12-wk (adult)- and 4-day (neonate)-old mice derived from BALB cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator, Cftr+/tm1Uncand C.C3- Tlr4Lps-d/J ( Tlr4−/−), progenitors. Intestinal disease was assayed through mouse survival, crypt-villus axis (CVA) length, cell proliferation, bacterial load, bacterial classification, inflammatory cell infiltrate, and mucus content measures. Of the 77 Cftr−/−(CF) mice produced, only one Cftr/ Tlr4 double-mutant mouse lived to the age of 12 wk while the majority of the remainder succumbed at ∼4 days of age. The survival of CF Tlr4+/−mice exceeded that of both CF Tlr4+/+and Cftr/ Tlr4 double-mutant mice. Adult CF mice presented increased Tlr4 expression, CVA length, crypt cell proliferation, and bacterial load relative to non-CF mice, but no differences were detected in Tlr4+/−compared with Tlr4+/+CF mice. The double-mutant neonates did not differ from Tlr4+/+or Tlr4+/−CF mice by intestinal CVA length or bacterial load, but fewer Tlr4+/−CF neonates presented with luminal mucus obstruction in the distal ileum, and the intestinal mast cell increase of CF mice was not evident in double-mutant neonates. We conclude that Tlr4 deficiency reduces the survival, but does not alter the intestinal phenotypes, of extended CVA or increased bacterial load in BALB CF mice.

scholarly journals Co-Existence of TB & Leprosy in the same patient – A Case Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Md Azraf Hossain Khan ◽  
Samir C Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Positive Smear ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
One Year

Leprosy is one of the more serious health issues in a number of developing countries. Although it seldom kills, leprosy is nonetheless a deforming, disabling and stigmatizing disease.1, 2 Tuberculosis is also a major public health problem affecting nearly one third of the global population. Though leprosy and tuberculosis are common infectious disease, yet co-infection of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare possibly due to cross-immunity. A male patient of about 70 years presented with widespread shinny hypesthetic nodular lesions symmetrically located mainly in upper extremities, trunk and a little in lower extremities about 3 years back. Slit skin smear and histopathology studies showed significant amount of bacterial load which suggested lepromatous leprosy. About after one year of starting MDT treatment, the patient developed type-2 reaction of intermittent variety. During the episodic attacks of this reaction, the patient developed pulmonary TB supported by positive smear of sputum and patchy opacities of chest x-ray about 2½ years back TAJ 2010; 23(1): 103-105

scholarly journals P678 Definition of a microbial signature as a predictor of post-surgical recurrence in patients with Crohn’s disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S599-S600
Author(s):  
L Oliver ◽  
J Amoedo ◽  
D Julià ◽  
B Camps ◽  
S Ramió-Pujol ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crohn’S Disease ◽  
Crohn's Disease ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
High Capacity ◽  
Intestinal Resection ◽  
Preventive Treatment ◽  
Endoscopic Recurrence ◽  
Surgical Recurrence ◽  
Before And After ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Although there are several effective drugs for the treatment of Crohn’s disease (CD), almost 80% of patients will end up needing a surgical resection throughout their lives. This procedure is not always curative, as the disease often reappears in the intestine. Endoscopic recurrence occurs in 65%-90% of patients after one year from surgery. The aetiology of the recurrence is unknown; however, several studies have shown how the resident microbiota is modified after surgery. The aim of this study is to evaluate samples from patients with CD before and after an intestinal resection to determine if at baseline there are differences in the abundance of different microbial markers, which could be capable of predicting endoscopic recurrences. Methods In this observational study, a stool sample was obtained from 20 patients with CD before undergoing surgery, recruited at Hospital Universitari Dr. Josep Trueta, Hospital Universitari of Bellvitge, and the Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol. From each sample, DNA was purified and the relative abundance of the following microbial markers was quantified using qPCR: F. prausnitzii (Fpra) and its phylogroups (PHG-I and PHG-II), E. coli (Eco ), A. muciniphila (Akk), Ruminococcus sp. (Rum), Bacteroidetes (Bac), M. smithii (Msm), and total bacterial load (Eub). Results Individually, none of the biomarkers demonstrated the ability to differentiate patients who will develop post-surgical recurrence from those who will not. In contrast, the combination of 4 microbial markers (Eco, PHGI, Bac, and Eub) showed a high capacity of discrimination between the 2 groups. The algorithm that incorporates these three markers shows a sensitivity and specificity of 100% and 90.91%, respectively, and a positive and negative predictive value of 90.00% and 100%, respectively. Conclusion A microbial signature to determine patients who will have post-surgical recurrence has been identified. This tool can be very useful in daily clinical practice allowing to schedule a personalized therapy, enabling preventive treatment only in that subgroup of patients who really require it. A broader prospective study will be needed to validate these results.

Effects of prolactin, progesterone, and 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one on squalene production by the preputial gland of the immature female rat

1978 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 180-184
Author(s):  
George J. Wielgosz ◽  
David T. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Mevalonic Acid ◽  
Female Rat ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Immature Female ◽  
Mass Spectral Analysis ◽  
In Vitro System ◽  
Mass Spectral ◽  
Squalene Content ◽  
Preputial Glands

To examine further the previously demonstrated synergism between prolactin and progesterone on preputial glands of hypophysectomized, ovariectomized, immature rats their effects on squalene production were determined and compared with the ability of 17β-hydroxy-5α-androstan-3-one (DHT) and prolactin to increase the amount of squalene in the preputial glands.Glands from progesterone-treated rats incubated in vitro with [14C]mevalonic acid incorporated radioactivity into squalene (identified by chromatographic mobility) more rapidly than glands from controls or prolactin-treated rats. Using the same in vitro system, glands from prolactin-treated rats incorporated more [14C]acetate into squalene than those from progesterone-treated animals. In addition, results showed that prolactin and DHT increased nonradioactive squalene (identified by mass spectral analysis) content in the gland while progesterone had no effect. It is proposed that prolactin increases preputial gland squalene content by enhancing synthesis of mevalonic acid, while progesterone increases incorporation of mevalonic acid into squalene.

scholarly journals Sequential bilateral Behçet’s neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary vitreous exudate: case report

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Ksiaa ◽  
Safa Ben Aoun ◽  
Sourour Zina ◽  
Dhouha Nefzi ◽  
Sana Khochtali ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Single Case ◽  
Signal Loss ◽  
Fiber Layer ◽  
Single Case Report ◽  
Shadowing Effect ◽  
Eye Involvement ◽  
One Year ◽  
The Right ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Abstract Objective: To describe a case of Behçet disease (BD) uveitis manifesting with sequential bilateral neuroretinitis associated with prepapillary inflammatory vitreous exudate (PIVE). Material and Methods: A single case report documented with multimodal imaging.Results: A 37-year-old man developed neuroretinitis with associated PIVE in the left eye. He was diagnosed with ocular toxoplasmosis and treated accordingly based on positive serologic testing and negative work-up for other entities, including BD. The disease course was favorable, but one year later a similar neuroretinitis developed in the right eye. Extraocular features of BD became evident only at the time of the second eye involvement, and the patient received corticosteroid and immunosuppressive therapy. SS OCT showed at the acute phase in both eyes a typical “mushroom-shaped” prepapillary hyperreflectivity of the PIVE. SS OCTA demonstrated a corresponding prepapillary hypointense area due to shadowing effect, decreasing in size while scanning deeper layers. It also detected peripapillary retinal hypervascularity in both eyes and a sectoral area of flow signal loss in the first involved left eye. Visual acuity improved following the resolution of the PIVE and associated acute inflammatory changes in both eyes. The left eye showed residual optic disc pallor and retinal nerve fiber layer defects.Conclusion: Sequential bilateral neuroretinitis associated with PIVE may occur before other clinical features of BD become evident. SS OCT and OCTA can provide useful information for the diagnosis and management of this rare, but typical, ocular manifestation of BD uveitis.

scholarly journals CASES OF ANETODERMA IN PRACTICE OF DERMATOLOGISTS

2018 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-34
Author(s):  
Marat N. Gadzhimuradov
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
The Other ◽  
Stages Of Development ◽  
Clinical Observations ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
One Year ◽  
Inflammatory Changes

Clinical observations of atrophic skin of a child at the age of 1 year 7 months with Bleggad-Haxsthausen syndrome, as well as three forms of an anetoderma (Jadassona-Tibierga, Schweninger-Buzzi and Pelizzari) are presented. All patients are male at the age of 14, 16 and 18 years. The 14-year-old boy has the disease during seven years, while the duration of the other patients is two and one year, respectively. Patient with Schweninger-Buzzi anetoderma received treatment in a hospital without visible improvement. The literature review also noted that the disease can develop both primary and secondary. There are three stages of development of Jadasso--Tibiere anderodermia, the first of which is represented by the erythematous spot. However, inflammatory changes may be absent, but for other forms they are generally uncharacteristic: atrophy develops immediately, then wrinkled skin is protruding.

scholarly journals Histomorphological perspectives of preputial and clitoral glands of soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada

2021 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-189
Author(s):  
Thangavel Rajagopal ◽  
Ganesan Ramya Vaideki ◽  
Ganesan Saibaba ◽  
Ponnirul Ponmanickam ◽  
Shanmugam Achiraman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Dimorphism ◽  
Agricultural Pests ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Scent Glands ◽  
Scent Gland ◽  
Female Sex Hormones ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Clitoral Gland

The present study was an attempt to understand the sexual dimor-phism of the integumentary scent glands of soft-furred field rat Millardia meltada from the perspectives of anatomy, morphology and histology with view to correlate with the sex-specific pheromones they produce. The scent gland of male is known as preputial gland, and female, the clitoral gland. The rats, that are agricultural pests were field caught, the glands of males and females of almost identical size were dissected out, and subjected to gravimetric, morphometric and histological analyses. Both glands are yellowish-brown, pear-shaped, and dorsoventrally compressed. The mean weight, length and width of preputial glands are significantly (p < 0.05) larger than that of the clitoral glands. The preputial gland is composed of sebaceous glandular lobules and apocrine glandular lobules whereas the clitoral gland is formed only of sebaceous glandular lobules. The sebaceous glandular lobules of both preputial and clitoral glands are filled with a wax-like material. Thus, the scent glands of the soft-furred male field rats exhibit sexual dimorphism in respect histoarchitecture of the glands and the nature of the secretory material. This sexual dimorphism of the scent glands may reflect control by male and female sex hormones impinging on specific roles as sex attractant pheromones.

Microbiological Assessment of Abattoir Effluent on Water Quality of River Katsina-Ala, Nigeria

2015 ◽  
Vol 39 ◽  
pp. 73-79
Author(s):  
Vershima Jose Addy ◽  
Terkimbi Jonathan Kabough ◽  
Haruna K. Mohammed ◽  
Ibrahim Aliyu
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Bacterial Count ◽  
Salmonella Typhi ◽  
Proteus Vulgaris ◽  
Positive Bacterium ◽  
Streptococcus Faecalis ◽  
Dry Seasons ◽  
Klebsiella Spp

Gram-negative bacteria isolated from the abattoir effluent on surface water of River Katsina-ala in rainy and dry seasons were Escherichia coli; Klebsiella spp; Proteus vulgaris; Salmonella typhi and Gram-positive bacterium isolated was Streptococcus faecalis. In rainy season, the lowest mean bacterial count was from E.coli (0.0067+0.031 CFU/ml) and highest mean bacterial count from Salmonella typhi (0.0262+0.0079 CFU/ml). In the dry season, lowest mean bacterial count was from Proteus vulgaris (0.0081+ 0.0047 CFU/ml) and the highest from Streptococcus faecalis (0.0097+ 0.05 CFU/ml). The presence of Escherichia coli indicates possible faecal contamination. The results revealed that bacterial load was within the accepted maximum limit by WHO (2004); nevertheless, the disease causing bacteria pose threat to human health when water from the river is consumed without treatment.Keywords: microbiological; abattoir; water quality; effluent; River Katsina-ala

Measurement of lipogenesis in isolated preputial gland cells of the rat and the effect of oestrogen

1986 ◽  
Vol 109 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. M. Alves ◽  
A. J. Thody ◽  
C. Fisher ◽  
S. Shuster
Keyword(s):  
Gland Cell ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Female Rats ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Ovariectomized Rats ◽  
Preputial Gland ◽  
Gland Cells ◽  
Oestradiol Benzoate ◽  
Preputial Glands ◽  
Prior Administration

ABSTRACT Lipogenesis was measured in isolated preputial gland cells of female rats after ovariectomy and after the administration of oestradiol benzoate. Ovariectomy decreased preputial gland cell lipogenesis and also altered the pattern of lipid synthesis, producing a relative decrease in the proportion of polar lipids and an increase in the proportion of 'triglycerides'. Although daily administration of 2 or 10 μg oestradiol benzoate for 7 days produced slight increases in preputial gland cell lipogenesis in ovariectomized rats, the effects were not significant. A single injection of 10 μg oestradiol benzoate, however, produced significant increases in preputial gland cell lipogenesis of ovariectomized rats at both 2 and 24 h and, moreover, at 24 h the pattern of polar lipid and triglyceride labelling was restored to normal. Prior administration of actinomycin D reduced the lipogenic effect of oestradiol benzoate. Oestradiol benzoate had little or no effect on preputial gland cell lipogenesis in male rats. These results confirm that oestrogen is able to stimulate preputial lipogenesis in female rats. Whether this action of oestrogen is related to its pheromone-producing effect on the preputial glands is not yet known. J. Endocr. (1986) 109, 1–7

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