scholarly journals Co-Existence of TB & Leprosy in the same patient – A Case Report

2010 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 103-105
Author(s):  
Md Azraf Hossain Khan ◽  
Samir C Majumder
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Load ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Common Infectious Disease ◽  
Positive Smear ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Nodular Lesions ◽  
One Year

Leprosy is one of the more serious health issues in a number of developing countries. Although it seldom kills, leprosy is nonetheless a deforming, disabling and stigmatizing disease.1, 2 Tuberculosis is also a major public health problem affecting nearly one third of the global population. Though leprosy and tuberculosis are common infectious disease, yet co-infection of Mycobacterium leprae and Mycobacterium tuberculosis is rare possibly due to cross-immunity. A male patient of about 70 years presented with widespread shinny hypesthetic nodular lesions symmetrically located mainly in upper extremities, trunk and a little in lower extremities about 3 years back. Slit skin smear and histopathology studies showed significant amount of bacterial load which suggested lepromatous leprosy. About after one year of starting MDT treatment, the patient developed type-2 reaction of intermittent variety. During the episodic attacks of this reaction, the patient developed pulmonary TB supported by positive smear of sputum and patchy opacities of chest x-ray about 2½ years back TAJ 2010; 23(1): 103-105

scholarly journals Healthcare use prior to suicide in the Stockholm County population 2011-2016

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (Supplement_4) ◽  
Author(s):  
J Narusyte ◽  
K Kosidou ◽  
C Dalman
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Healthcare Use ◽  
Stockholm County ◽  
Suicide Death ◽  
Death Registry ◽  
County Population ◽  
Study Population ◽  
One Year

Abstract Background Suicide is a major public health problem. A detailed description of healthcare use prior to suicide can serve to improve prevention strategies. The aim of the study was to describe the patterns of primary, specialized outpatient, and inpatient healthcare use from two weeks and up to one year prior to suicide in Stockholm County. Methods The study population included all 15 year or older suicide victims who died in Stockholm County 2011-2016 (n = 1950) identified through National Cause of Death Registry. Data on number of visits and contacts with healthcare among suicide victims were obtained from VAL healthcare use registry in Stockholm County. Healthcare use was depicted from one year to up to two weeks prior to suicide death. Results Preliminary results showed that there were 65% and 57% of women and men, respectively, who had at least one contact with healthcare during the last two weeks before suicide death. Measured one year prior to suicide, there were 93% of women and 85% of men who had at least one contact with healthcare. Among those who had at least one contact with healthcare two weeks prior to suicide, there were 16% of women and 12% of men who were hospitalized, 55% of women and 47% of men who had a contact with specialized outpatient care, and 32% of women and 27% of men who had a contact with primary healthcare. The proportion of those who did not have any contact with healthcare during the six months prior to suicide decreased gradually with increasing age among men (23% at ages of 15-24 years old and 7% at ages of 65 and older). There were on average 7% of women in all age groups who did not have any contact with healthcare during the six months prior to suicide. Conclusions The majority of the suicide victims had a contact with healthcare during the last year prior to suicide death. The findings suggest that suicide prevention efforts may target improved tools for clinically-based risk assessment. Key messages The majority of the suicide victims had at least one contact with healthcare during the last year prior to suicide death. Those who did not have any contact with healthcare during six months prior to suicide were more likely to be young men.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Malignant Mesothelioma in Central Anatolia: A Study of 67 Cases

2004 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 287-290 ◽  
Author(s):  
Inci Gulmez ◽  
Levent Kart ◽  
Hakan Buyukoglan ◽  
Ozlem Er ◽  
Suleyman Balkanli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Pleural Effusion ◽  
Malignant Mesothelioma ◽  
Environmental Control ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Central Anatolia ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Pleural Thickening ◽  
Chest X Ray ◽  
Fibrous Mineral

BACKROUND:Malignant mesothelioma (MM) is a fatal neoplasm which frequently results from exposure to asbestos or erionite.METHOD:Sixty-seven patients with MM were seen between 1990 and 2001. Their clinical and radiological features, as well as the therapy, were retrospectively evaluated.RESULTS:In 51 patients (76.1%), the MM was confined to the pleura, in 14 patients it was exclusively peritoneal and in two patients, it involved both areas. Of the 67 cases, 35 (52.2%) were women. The mean (± SD) age for all cases was 57.6±11.5 years. Dyspnea (67.2%), cough (55.2%) and chest pain (50.7%) were the most frequent symptoms of onset. Pleural effusion (92.4%) was the most common chest x-ray finding, whereas pleural effusion (60.8%), pleural nodules (34.7%) and pleural thickening (34.7%) were the most common computed tomography findings in pleural MM patients. The histological subtypes of MM were determined as epithelial in 60 patients (89.5%), sarcomatous in four patients (5.9%) and mixed in three patients (4.4%). Although 50.7% and 25.4% of the cases were exposed to erionite and asbestos, respectively, 23.9% of the cases recalled no exposure to asbestos or erionite. Exposures were environmental as opposed to occupational. Thirty-five patients (52.2%) were administered chemotherapy, and follow-up data were available for 22 patients. For these patients, the two-year survival rate was 22% and the two-year progression-free interval was 15.7%. There were no differences between patients with asbestos and erionite exposure.CONCLUSION:MM should be considered when exudative pleural effusion is detected in a patient who has been exposed to asbestos or erionite. MM is a major public health problem in parts of Turkey and compulsory environmental control of fibrous mineral should be considered.

scholarly journals Clinico-epidemiological study of leprosy from a North Indian tertiary care hospital

2018 ◽  
Vol 4 (4) ◽  
pp. 518
Author(s):  
Mohammad Adil ◽  
Syed Suhail Amin ◽  
Mohd Mohtashim ◽  
Sabha Mushtaq ◽  
Mehtab Alam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospital ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Lepromatous Leprosy ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Female Ratio ◽  
Male Female Ratio ◽  
One Year ◽  
Epidemiological Characteristics

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Leprosy was eliminated as a public health problem in India in 2005. Yet, more than 60% of all new cases of leprosy are reported from India.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> A retrospective analysis of the records of patients attending the leprosy clinic of the Dermatology Out Patient Department was done for a period of one year from May 2017 to April 2018. The data was analysed for clinical and epidemiological characteristics of the patients.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> A total of 225 patients visited the leprosy clinic during the study period. Almost half of all patients (47.1%) were aged between 21-40 years. Among the patients were 32 children (14.2%) below 16 years. There were 60 patients (26.6%) suffering from paucibacillary disease and 158 patients (70.2%) had multibacillary disease. Seven patients (3.2%) presented with other forms of leprosy like historic leprosy and pure neuritic leprosy. Borderline lepromatous leprosy was found to be the commonest subtype seen in 86 patients (38.2%). There were 152 males (67.6%) and 73 females (32.4%). The male female ratio was 2.08:1. A total of 118 patients (52.4%) were from rural background and 107 (47.6%) hailed from urban areas. Multibacillary disease was seen in 83.6% of the total females compared to 63.8% of males.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> Leprosy may be down but is not yet out. The high proportion of children diagnosed with leprosy is a warning regarding the active transmission of the disease in the community. Continued efforts are required to prevent the disease from making a resurgence.</p>

scholarly journals Positron emission tomography in the COVID-19 pandemic era

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chentao Jin ◽  
Xiaoyun Luo ◽  
Shufang Qian ◽  
Kai Zhang ◽  
Yuanxue Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Positron Emission Tomography ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Emission Tomography ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Past ◽  
Positron Emission ◽  
Potential Applications ◽  
One Year

AbstractCoronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has become a major public health problem worldwide since its outbreak in 2019. Currently, the spread of COVID-19 is far from over, and various complications have roused increasing awareness of the public, calling for novel techniques to aid at diagnosis and treatment. Based on the principle of molecular imaging, positron emission tomography (PET) is expected to offer pathophysiological alternations of COVID-19 in the molecular/cellular perspectives and facilitate the clinical management of patients. A number of PET-related cases and research have been reported on COVID-19 over the past one year. This article reviews the current studies of PET in the diagnosis and treatment of COVID-19, and discusses potential applications of PET in the development of management strategy for COVID-19 patients in the pandemic era.

scholarly journals Resistance to Antibiotics in Thermophilic Campylobacters

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ema Aleksić ◽  
Biljana Miljković-Selimović ◽  
Zoran Tambur ◽  
Nikola Aleksić ◽  
Vladimir Biočanin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Drug Resistance ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cell Membrane Permeability ◽  
Multiple Drug ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Mechanisms Of Resistance ◽  
Resistance To Antibiotics ◽  
Permeability Alteration

Campylobacter jejuni (C. jejuni) is one of the most frequent causes of bacterial enterocolitis globally. The disease in human is usually self-limiting, but when complications arise antibiotic therapy is required at a time when resistance to antibiotics is increasing worldwide. Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria are diverse depending on antibiotic type and usage and include: enzymatic destruction or drug inactivation; alteration of the target enzyme; alteration of cell membrane permeability; alteration of ribosome structure and alteration of the metabolic pathway(s). Resistance of Campylobacter spp. to antibiotics, especially fluoroquinolones is now a major public health problem in developed and developing countries. In this review the mechanisms of resistance to fluoroquinolones, macrolides, tetracycline, aminoglycoside and the role of integrons in resistance of Campylobacter (especially at the molecular level) are discussed, as well as the mechanisms of resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, sulphonamides and trimethoprim. Multiple drug resistance is an increasing problem for treatment of campylobacter infections and emergence of resistant strains and resistance are important One Health issues.

scholarly journals Study of Poisoning Cases in a Tertiary Care Hospital

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 70-73
Author(s):  
RK Karki ◽  
A Risal
Keyword(s):  
Public Awareness ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Duration Of Treatment ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Study Results ◽  
One Year ◽  
The One

Background Poisoning is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality in Nepal and also a major public health problem worldwide. A thorough review of the risk factors helps to decrease the incidence and mortality. The study evaluates the cases admitted in Dhulikhel Hospital, Kavre, Various parameters like age, sex, marital status, time of ingestion, month of occurrence, agent responsible for incidence; type of poisoning, psychosocial problem, outcome and duration of treatment are analyzed. Objectives The objectives of this study are to determine the pattern and severity of poisoning cases admitted to Dhulikhel Hospital. Methods A hospital based study was carried out in the patient admitted to Dhulikhel Hospital with the history of poisoning for the period of one year between April 2011 to March 2012. Various parameters were analyzed and compared with other study. Results There were 137 cases during the one year duration and maximum case belonged to second and third decade of life. Most common manner of poisoning was suicidal and the incidence was mainly during evening hours. Organophosphorus was the most commonly abused substance. Most of the cases had arrived hospital after one hour of exposure and duration of hospital stay in many cases were less than four days. Conclusion Based on these findings preventive measures like precaution taken at various levels, restriction in free sale of the poisons and promoting Poison Information Centers along with public awareness and proper psychosocial management to decrease the incidence and mortality in poisoning cases can be suggested. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/kumj.v10i4.10999 Kathmandu Univ Med J 2012;10(4):70-73

scholarly journals GAMBARAN KEJADIAN TUBERKULOSIS DI KABUPATEN PATI

2017 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 115-126
Author(s):  
Dwi Murtono
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Descriptive Analysis ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
The World ◽  
Positive Smear

ENGLISHTuberculosis is one of the long-known diseases and still becomes the leading cause of death in the world. The TB incidence needs a serious attention because it is a major public health problem. The objective of the study was to describe the TB incidence in Pati Regency in the period 2014-2016. It used quantitative and descriptive approaches. Secondary data sourced from Integrated Tuberculosis Information System (SITT) period 2014-2016 at Health Service of Pati Regency. Data were classified based on sex, TB classification, and age. Data were tested using descriptive analysis. The results of the study were: (1) The TB incidence showed an increase, (2) The increase of TB incidence was found both in men and women, but the number of TB cases was higher in men compared to the counterparts. (3) The number of TB cases increased in all TB classification groups, which the highest was found in positive smear pulmonary group. (4) The number of TB cases rose along with the increase of age, which the majority cases occurred in the productive age group. INDONESIATuberkulosis (TB) merupakan salah satu penyakit yang telah lama dikenal dan sampai saat ini masih menjadi penyebab utama kematian di dunia. Kejadian TB perlu mendapat perhatian serius karena TB merupakan masalah kesehatan publik mayor. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk memberikan gambaran kejadian TB di Kabupaten Pati dalam kurun waktu tahun 2014-2016. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deskriptif kuantitatif. Data sekunder berasal dari Sistem Informasi Tuberculosis Terpadu (SITT) Kabupaten Pati tahun 2014-2016 dari Dinas Kesehatan Kabupaten Pati. Data diolah berdasarkan jenis kelamin, klasifikasi TB dan umur penderita TB. Analisis data dilakukan secara deskriptif. Hasil penelitian adalah (1) angka kejadian TB menunjukkan adanya peningkatan; (2) angka kejadian TB berdasarkan klasifikasi jenis kelamin lebih banyak ditemukan pada jenis kelamin laki-laki dan menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan kejadian TB baik untuk laki-laki maupun perempuan; (3) angka kejadian TB berdasarkan klasifikasi TB secara umum menunjukkan terjadi peningkatan dan mayoritas kejadian adalah TB paru BTA positif; (4) kejadian TB mengalami peningkatan seiring dengan bertambahnya umur. Secara umum, kejadian TB paling besar terjadi pada usia produktif.

scholarly journals All Members of a Single Family including a 5-Months Old Infant having Tuberculosis - A Case Report

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 38-42
Author(s):  
EUA Chowdhury ◽  
MN Huq ◽  
F Parveen
Keyword(s):  
Family Members ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Mantoux Test ◽  
Socioeconomic Background ◽  
Screening Methods ◽  
Feeding Practice ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Close Monitoring ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Chest X Ray

Introduction : The incidence and number of tuberculosis (TB) cases have been increased dramatically all over the world. It is a major public health problem in Bangladesh too. Case Summary : A 5-months old male infant, immunized as per EPI schedule, 3rd issue of a nonconsanguinous parents residence at downtown, Dhaka from a poor socioeconomic background was admitted into the Paediatrics ward, Bangladesh Medical College Hospital on 11th March 2004 with fever for 1 month, dry cough for 21 days, loose motion and vomiting for 14 days. He was weaned from breast milk at 3 months of his age and there was gross malfeeding history. BCG vaccine was given at 6 weeks. His mother had also been suffering from recurrent febrile illnesses and weight loss for many months. Baby was looking ill but conscious, mildly pale, afebrile with no dyspnoea. Z score of wt/age, lth/age, wt/lth and OFC were -2.9, -3.5, -0.3 and -0.3 respectively. Fontanel was open and normal. There was no lymphadenopathy and BCG mark was present. Breath sound was vesicular with fine crepitation on right lung. He was treated initially as septicemia by combined parenteral antibiotics. But response was not satisfactory. Lab data yielded raised ESR, eosinophillia, pyuria and haematuria with sterile culture. Chest X ray was abnormal. Mantoux Test (MT) was found strongly positive (18mm/72hrs.). Other family members were immediately screened for TB and all revealed positive. Complete Blood Count, MT and Chest X ray were chosen as screening methods for them. We treated with anti tubercular therapy to all of them including baby. We also corrected the feeding practice of the patient and kept in close monitoring. He showed remarkable clinical improvement with weight gaining. We discharged him as disseminated tuberculosis with having pulmonary tuberculosis among all other family members and advised for follow up. They all were cured. At present, they are healthy and baby is now 4 years of age with good physical and mental growth. Conclusion : TB can mimic everything. A high index of suspicion by the clinician is essential for early diagnosis. Message: Family members of affected child must be screened for active TB Keywords : Tuberculosis; Tuberculosis in infant; Pan family tuberculosis. DOI: 10.3126/saarctb.v6i2.3056 SAARC J. Tuber. Lung Dis. HIV/AIDS 2009 VI (2) 38-42

scholarly journals Effects of smoking cessation on pulmonary function and quality of life

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Ramesh P. M. ◽  
Saravanan M. ◽  
Divya .
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Chronic Obstructive ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Bode Index ◽  
The Mean ◽  
One Year

Background: Cigarette smoking is a major public health problem and is the most important cause of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). This study shows the importance of smoking cessation for improvement in respiratory function and quality of life and brings out the potential usage of pharmacological and behavioural therapy for the same.Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 50 male smokers at Kilpauk Medical College, Chennai. During the treatment only 43 patients were continued till the end of follow up. During the period, varenicline treatment was given for three months as per schedule, regular periodic counselling was given to these patients and followed up for a period of 1 year. Forced expiratory volume at one second (FEV1), COPD assessment test (CAT) scoring, 6 min walk test (6MWD), BODE index, was taken before starting therapy and on 3rd month and at the end of one year of follow-up. All the values obtained were analysed statistically.Results: The mean age of the 43 patients was 44.7±7.34, mean BMI was 22.27±4.24. The mean difference between pre and post treatment scores of CAT, 6MWD and BODE index were found to be statistically significant (p<0.0001).Conclusions: Combined behavioural counseling and pharmacotherapy with varenicline significantly improved the odds of achieving tobacco abstinence in the participants by the end of one year of treatment.

scholarly journals A study of surgical profile of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (9) ◽  
pp. 2947
Author(s):  
Pradeep Kumar Pande ◽  
Yashwant Dhruv
Keyword(s):  
Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Major Public Health Problem ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Medical College ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
History Of ◽  
One Year ◽  
Gandhi Medical College ◽  
Rural Dwellers

Background: Hemorrhoids are common. It is usually defined as increase in size as well as distal displacement of apparently normal cushions which generally leads to symptoms. Globally many people are affected. It is considered as a major public health problem. It has a multifactorial etiology. Objective was to surgical profile of patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy.Methods: Present hospital based cross sectional study was carried out for a period of one and a half years at department of general surgery, Gandhi medical college and associated Hamidia hospital, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh, India, among 90 patients undergoing hemorrhoidectomy. Thorough history, detailed clinical examination, complete rectal examination and hemoglobin estimation was carried out.Results: It was found that maximum cases were below the age of 40 years. Males suffered more (73.3%) than females (26.7%). Hemorrhoids were seen commonly among urban dwellers (87.7%) than rural dwellers (12.3%). The most common presenting complaint was bleeding in 97.7% of cases. Maximum patients reported to the hospital within one-year history of bleeding i.e. 71.1%. Majority i.e. 73.3% had normal hemoglobin levels. 46.6% had ano-rectal disease.Conclusions: Incidence of hemorrhoids was more common among the cases of the present study. People below 40 years of age were commonly affected. It was more in males. Bleeding was the most common presenting symptom. Anemia was not so common. Anal fissure was the commonest associated co-morbidity.

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