The Relationship Between Subjective Measures of Nasality and Measures of the Oral and Nasal Sound Pressure Ratio

1978 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 69-75
Author(s):  
Wayne M. Clarke
Keyword(s):  
Sound Pressure ◽  
Pressure Ratio ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Normal Speech

The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between subjective and objective measure of nasality in male and female subjects who were considered to have normal speech. The findings indicated that although there was very little correlation between judged nasality ratings and measures of the oral and nasal sound pressure levels, there were a number of factors, such as the sex of the subject and the degree of nasality, which should be considered in all objective measures of this type.

The family and compliance in schizophrenia: the influence of clinical variables, relatives' knowledge and expressed emotion

2002 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. SELLWOOD ◽  
N. TARRIER ◽  
J. QUINN ◽  
C. BARROWCLOUGH
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Expressed Emotion ◽  
Family Intervention ◽  
Psychotic Symptoms ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Family ◽  
Two Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Relationship

Background. A variety of factors are related to compliance with medication in schizophrenia, but little attention has been paid to the role of families. Carers' knowledge or expressed emotion (EE) may be related to compliance. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the relevance of these two factors, as well as their relationships with other variables for the prediction of compliance.Method. A sample of patient–carer pairs (N=79) involved in a family intervention for schizophrenia trial was recruited. Compliance, symptoms, social functioning and attitudes to their carers were assessed in patients. Carers' EE, knowledge and psychopathology were also evaluated.Results. A number of factors were related to compliance, including carers' EE and patients' psychotic symptoms, which contributed independently to not taking medication. Carers' knowledge about schizophrenia and other groups of symptoms was not related to compliance.Conclusions. EE may be an important factor to account for in the understanding of patients' compliance and the direction of the relationship between EE and compliance should be the subject of further study.

scholarly journals EVALUATE-AD and Tele-STAR: Novel Methodologies for Assessment of Caregiver Burden in a Telehealth Caregiver Intervention – A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (3) ◽  
pp. 176-184 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neil W.D.  Thomas ◽  
Allison Lindauer ◽  
Jeffrey  Kaye
Keyword(s):  
Caregiver Burden ◽  
Intervention Programs ◽  
Daily Activities ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Objective Method ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Caregiver Education ◽  
Home Based ◽  
The Relationship

Aims: We explored the relationship between objective and subjective measures of burden prior to and after a telehealth-based caregiver intervention. One caregiver participated in two studies, one to assess the feasibility of objective, home-based monitoring (EVALUATE-AD), the second to assess the feasibility of a caregiver education telehealth-based intervention, Tele-STAR. Methods: Subjective measures of burden and depression in Tele-STAR and objective measures related to daily activities of the caregiver in EVALUATE-AD were compared to examine trends between the different outcome measures. Results: While the caregiver reported an increase in distressing behaviors by her partner, burden levels did not significantly change during or after the Tele-STAR intervention, while objective measures of activity and sleep showed a slight decline. Conclusion: Unobtrusive home-based monitoring may provide a novel, objective method to assess the effectiveness of caregiver intervention programs.

Perceived loneliness among older adults with mild cognitive impairment

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1681-1685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Junhong Yu ◽  
Charlene L. M. Lam ◽  
Tatia M. C. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Hong Kong ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Cognitive Impairments ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
The Relationship

ABSTRACTBackground:The high prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in Hong Kong, as previously reported, requires verification. Furthermore, the relationship between loneliness, depression, and cognitive impairment with regards to MCI are unclear. The present study aims to establish the prevalence of MCI in a community sample in Hong Kong and determine if participants with MCI feel significantly lonelier, even after depression has been taken into consideration.Methods:Participants from a community sample (N = 376) were assessed with subjective and objective measures of cognitive impairments to determine whether the criteria had been met for MCI. The MCI cases are then compared with age, sex, and education-matched controls on subjective measures of loneliness and depression.Results:A total of 66 (17.6%) participants were diagnosed with MCI. These participants reported significantly higher levels of perceived loneliness and depression compared to the matched controls. Differences between groups in loneliness remained significant, even after depression levels have been controlled.Conclusions:Loneliness is implicated in MCI. The relationship between loneliness and MCI is, at least, partially independent of depression. The implications of these finding are discussed.

scholarly journals Relationships Among Subjective and Objective Measures of Tongue Strength and Oral Phase Swallowing Impairments

2003 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 40-50 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heather M. Clark ◽  
Pamela A. Henson ◽  
William D. Barber ◽  
Julie A. G. Stierwalt ◽  
Michael Sherrill
Keyword(s):  
Objective Measures ◽  
Tongue Strength ◽  
Subjective Ratings ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Swallowing Function ◽  
Clinical Method ◽  
The Relationship

A growing literature documents the relationship between tongue strength and oral phase swallowing function. Objective measures of strength have been recommended as more valid and reliable than subjective measures for the assessment of tongue function, yet subjective measures remain the more commonly used clinical method for assessing tongue strength. This study assessed the relationships among subjective and objective measures of tongue strength and oral phase swallowing impairments. Both subjective and objective measures of tongue strength were observed to be good predictors of the presence of oral phase swallowing impairments. The specific oral phase swallowing functions of bolus manipulation, mastication, and clearance were moderately correlated with subjective ratings of tongue strength. Experienced and inexperienced raters appeared to judge tongue strength differently, with the ratings of experienced raters being more predictive of swallowing function.

Planning Activities Related to Independent Retail Firm Performance

1986 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-26 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard B. Robinson ◽  
Moragea Y. Salem ◽  
John E. Logan ◽  
John A. Pearce
Keyword(s):  
Firm Performance ◽  
Performance Measures ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Company Performance ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
The Relationship

This study examined the relationship between company performance and 50 specific planning activities in a small, independent retail firm setting. Performance was measured using one set of objective measures and one set of subjective measures. Six specific planning activities emerged as having significant relationships with both sets of performance measures.

scholarly journals On the Relationship between Self-Admitted Technical Debt Removals and Technical Debt Measures

Algorithms ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Lerina Aversano ◽  
Martina Iammarino ◽  
Mimmo Carapella ◽  
Andrea Del Vecchio ◽  
Laura Nardi
Keyword(s):  
Open Source ◽  
Software Quality ◽  
Source Code ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Software Project ◽  
Technical Debt ◽  
Effective Reduction ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

The technical debt (TD) in a software project refers to the adoption of an inadequate solution from its design to the source code. When developers admit the presence of technical debt in the source code, through comments or commit messages, it is called self-admitted technical debt (SATD). This aspect of TD has been the subject of numerous research studies, which have investigated its distribution, the impact on software quality, and removal. Therefore, this work focuses on the relationship between SATD and TD values. In particular, the study aims to compare the admitted technical debt with respect to its objective measure. In fact, the trends of TD values during SATD removals have been studied. This was done thanks to the use of an SATD dataset and their related removals in four open source projects. Instead, the SonarQube tool was used to measure TD values. Thanks to this work, it turned out that SATD removals in a few cases correspond to an effective reduction of TD values, while in numerous cases, the classes indicated are removed.

scholarly journals Psychological characteristics of parents of problem children

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Family Functioning ◽  
Personality Factors ◽  
Family Status ◽  
Personal Factors ◽  
Educational Support ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

The article presents the investigation of the characteristics of the personality and emotional sphere of parents having problem children and identify the relationship of these features with respect to children. The scientifically based material presented in the article provides statistical analysis of the data obtained during the factorization of the source empirical data obtained with the help of standardized assessment means. The subject of statistical analysis at this stage was to test the hypothesis of significant differences in the level of severity of personality factors of the subjects, grouped in different categories based on gender, age, family status and family functioning. In particular, reliable differences in the level of personality factors in the subjects of different sexes were found in relation to «constructive educational protection», «indulgently indifferent personal disposition», «passive-protective personal disposition» and «psychosthenic personal disposition». Statistically significant differences in the level of personality factors in the subjects with different family status were detected in relation to «extroverted personality disposition», «the indulgent educational disposition» and «constructive educational support». According to the results of the statistical analysis of age characteristics of the expressiveness of the personal factors of the parents of the problem children, statistically significant differences were identified according to the factor of «constructive educational protection», «introverted-pedantic personal disposition» and «indulgent educational disposition». The statistical analysis of the indicators of the severity of personality factors in the subjects with different types of family functioning allowed to reveal statistically significant differences in a number of factors: «major educational disposition», «constructive educational protection», and «Introverted-pedantic personal disposition».

Consumerism Qualification: Doctrine and Case Law

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 22-28
Author(s):  
V. A. Kondrat'ev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Relations ◽  
Consumer Protection ◽  
Entrepreneurial Activity ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Protection Legislation ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Theory Of Law ◽  
The One ◽  
Composition Of Relations ◽  
The Relationship

А number of factors influence the qualification of relations as consumer relations, however, neither a scientific literature nor law enforcement practice has formed a common list of signs defining the relationship to the subject of regulation of consumer protection legislation. The main purpose of the article is to identify signs that qualify the relationship as consumer. Achieving the goal of the article is carried out by solving the following tasks: determining the influence of the subject composition of relations, the nature of their activities, as well as other signs on the qualification of relations in order to apply legislation on consumer protection. The article was prepared using general scientific methods (systemic, logical) and special legal methods (comparative legal, formal legal). The author comes to the conclusion that for the proper qualification of public relations in order to apply legislation on the protection of consumer rights, it is necessary to take into account both the subject composition and the purpose of purchasing goods. The formal affiliation of a person to a particular category of entities cannot definitely indicate the goals of a person entering into a relationship. In particular, an individual entrepreneur has a dual status, being, on the one hand, a citizen, and on the other, a subject of entrepreneurial activity. The article also concluded that when determining the purpose of acquiring a product (work, service), it is necessary to take into account both direct signs expressed in the nature of the person's activity and indirect ones determined by the quantity of the purchased goods and its technical and functional characteristics. To assess indirect features, the author suggests referring to the category of «average person» formed in the general theory of law.

A Subjective Measure of Complexity

1999 ◽  
Vol 02 (04) ◽  
pp. 349-370 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guido Fioretti
Keyword(s):  
Mental Model ◽  
Objective Measure ◽  
Quantitative Measure ◽  
Objective Measures ◽  
Subjective Measure ◽  
Numerical Example ◽  
The Mind ◽  
The Relationship

This article presents a quantitative measure of complexity, subjectively understood as a property of the relationship between a system and its observer instead of as a property of the system itself. Within this framework, complexity is quantified by assuming to know the mental categories and the mental model by which a system is represented in the mind of its observer. It is argued that this subjectivist concept of complexity is not in contrast with objective measures of complexity introduced in particular domains, but generalizes complexity to domains where no objective measure is feasible. An extensive numerical example is presented and thoroughly discussed.

scholarly journals Innovation and organisational performance: A critical review of the instruments used to measure organisational performance

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tebogo Sethibe ◽  
Renier Steyn
Keyword(s):  
The Body ◽  
Financial Indicators ◽  
Organisational Performance ◽  
Subjective Measures ◽  
Return On Assets ◽  
Scientific Publications ◽  
Financial Measures ◽  
Body Of Knowledge ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
The Relationship

<p><strong>Background:</strong> Innovation is recognised as one of the most important determinant of organisational performance. Yet, the results of studies that investigate the relationship between innovation and organisational performance are inconclusive. The inconsistency has been attributed to a number of factors, which include, among others, the measures used to evaluate organisational performance.</p><p><strong>Aim:</strong> This study was set out to identify, categorise and critically analyse the instruments used to assess organisational performance when investigating the relationship between innovation and organisational performance.</p><p><strong>Setting:</strong> The study focuses on all scientific publications reporting on organisational performance, inclusive of both financial and non-financial indicators of performance, and are not limited to any specific country or industry.</p><p><strong>Methods:</strong> The systematic literature review methodology was used to identify studies which investigated the relationship between innovation and organisational performance. Once identified, articles were analysed on the way organisational performance was measured. Classification was done with reference to financial and non-financial indicators, accounting and market-based, as well as objective and subjective measures.</p><p><strong>Results:</strong> The findings show that profitability, sales growth and return on assets (ROA) are the most preferred accounting-based financial measures of organisation performance. In addition, Tobin’s Q was found to be the most favoured market-based financial measure of organisational performance. The study further reveals that market share, customer satisfaction and productivity are the most popular non-financial-based measures of organisational performance.</p><p><strong>Conclusion:</strong> The use of measures of organisational performance is often left to the discussion of the researcher, which is not implicitly wrong, but does little to contribute to the body of knowledge on this important topic. Researchers are firstly urged to clearly define which aspects of organisational performance they intend to study, secondly to use established instruments or often used indicators of organisational performance, and thirdly to combine both objective and subjective measures of organisational performance. This would allow for researchers to build on the work of other and strengthen the body of knowledge in this area.</p>

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