Demographic Change and the European Union Labour Market

2005 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Lisiankova ◽  
Robert E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
If Current ◽  
United Nation ◽  
The Eu

If current demographic trends continue, the combined population of the twenty-five countries that currently make up the European Union will age rapidly and decline in size in the coming decades. As the EU population ages and declines, so will its labour force, which will likely constrain the labour market and generate lower rates of economic growth. Data from the most recent round of United Nation population projections is used to illustrate the scale of these changes.

scholarly journals Age-training gaps in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
FIONA CARMICHAEL ◽  
MARCO G. ERCOLANI
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Older People ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Normal Work ◽  
The Eu

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between age and training in the 15 European Union countries (EU-15) that were member states prior to the 2004 enlargement. The analysis is carried out using European Union Labour Force Survey data. We report cross-country comparisons of the training undertaken by older people (aged 50–64) and younger people (aged 20–49). We extend previous research by adding an analysis of the training undertaken by non-workers as well as that of workers. We also consider whether training is work-related, whether it is undertaken during normal work-hours and the time spent in training. Our results show that across the EU-15 not only are older people less likely to participate in training in general but, more importantly, they are less likely to participate in work-related training. Our evidence suggests that there is considerable scope for raising the training rates of older people and particularly older people who are out of work.

scholarly journals Can the implementation of the Europe 2020 Strategy goals be efficient? The challenge for achieving social equality in the European Union

Equilibrium ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michaela Stanickova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Income Inequality ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Social Inequality ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Social Equality ◽  
Europe 2020 ◽  
Europe 2020 Strategy ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

Research background: Economic crisis hit all the European Union Member States hard, with the impact of crisis varying considerably. The low growth performance in the EU has increased concerns regarding an increasing wage dispersion, income inequality at large, and social exclusion in line with poverty. Inequality should be seen as a cornerstone of both sustainable and inclusive growth under the Europe 2020 Strategy. Social inequality in the EU is a real problem, which hampers sustainable economic growth. Purpose of the article: The purpose of this study is to introduce evaluation of social development convergence and divergence trends between the EU Member States in the context of the Europe 2020 Strategy. The study gives an outline of the issues of the labour market and income disparities and poverty. Policymakers must be clear about what social objectives they are aiming to achieve, therefore special attention is paid to headline national goals of the Europe 2020 Strategy. Methods: The main task of this study is to assess social dimension and inequalities problems in the EU27 by applying Data Envelopment Analysis method, resp. time-series dynamic efficiency analysis in the form of output-oriented Malmquist Productivity Index. This study contains changes of key social equality indicators related to the Europe 2020 Strategy and compares objectives and general outlines of period 2010-2015, as well as the impact on national economics and living conditions. Findings & value added: Results contain elements of typology premises of the EU28 and point to a large diversity in inequality patterns, as the Author observes both increases and decreases in inequality at the EU level. Recent changes in social inequality have been associated with the business cycle, particularly with the accessibility of the labour market and, of course, with income inequality. Additionally, the development challenges are discussed for improvement of the socioeconomic well-being of the EU and to avoid social disparities.

scholarly journals Projectification of the European Union and its implications for public labour market organisations in Poland

2013 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Jałocha
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Local Community ◽  
Project Success ◽  
Project Work ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Grant Applications ◽  
Organisational Structures ◽  
Public Organisations ◽  
The Eu

This article contributes to the understanding of the changes that projectification — strongly reinforced by the European Union (EU) — causes in public labour market organisations in Poland. The introduction of project work to the hitherto hierarchical organisational structures found in public organisations influences them. There is, however, a research gap on how changes at the macro level affect individual public organisations and how these organisations change due to the introduction of project work into their structures. The purpose of this paper is to illustrate changes in Polish public labour market organisations caused by projectification. The author draws on a set of quantitative and qualitative data that include a survey conducted in 57 public local organisations as well as interviews conducted at 10 public offices at local and regional levels. A sequential mixed methods approach was used. The results indicate that projectification due to the EU caused changes in organisational structures of public organisations and influenced the selection of the projects. In particular, the findings relating to projectification of the EU and its impact on public labour market institutions in Poland deepen previous research by identifying the specific changes occurring at the level of individual public organisations. These changes are diverse in nature, yet the most important of these relate to the adaptation of organisational goals to the objectives of the grant applications as well as to the changes in organisational structures. The study also illustrates that while EU-funded projects are almost always completed on time, do not exceed their budgets, and achieve the indicators of the EU programs, such projects do not always provide the value that a local community would expect. Therefore, there is a need for the EU to not only assess project success on time, cost and quality measures, but also to assess project success on local impact and value created for stakeholders. 

Public Opinion Toward Immigration in the European Union

2004 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1151-1183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gallya Lahav
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
European Union ◽  
Public Opinion ◽  
Public Attitudes ◽  
Policy Preferences ◽  
Policy Outcomes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
Mass Attitudes ◽  
The Eu

The literature on immigration has been divided with regard to the constraints, particularly of public opinion, on EU policy cooperation. Analysts have suggested that there is a disjuncture between public opinion and policy developments and that liberal immigration policies have emerged because negative public opinion is not factored into elite decision making or institutional developments. Comparing public opinion data derived from Eurobarometer surveys with demographic trends and EU initiatives, this article questions the “disjuncture” premises by evaluating the nature of mass attitudes and its impact on policy harmonization in the EU. In bridging the attitudinal-policy gap, the article assesses (a) the extent to which publics are ignorant or informed and (b) the distinct effects of personal versus general societal conditions as they motivate immigration attitudes and policy preferences. The conclusions have implications for immigration cooperation in the European Union, with policy outcomes that are more compatible with public attitudes.

scholarly journals YOUNG PEOPLE IN THE EUROPEAN UNION LABOUR MARKET

2016 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Young People ◽  
Human Resources ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
European Welfare State ◽  
Market Situation ◽  
The Eu

In an era of aging of the European Union population, it is crucial to take care of human resources in various spheres of their life. The potential of young people is particularly important, as their economic activity creates the basis of maintaining the European welfare state model. However, the labour market situation of young people is difficult. Moreover, the phenomena, which have recently attracted increasing attention, are remaining for young people without employment, education or training (NEET). The occurrence of NEET's resources is harmful at micro level - due to pauperization of European households as well as for the whole economy due to insufficient usage of human resources. The paper aim is to compare how the situation of young people differs in the European Union labour markets.The paper was based on both the desk-research of literature as well as the analysis of selected economic indicators of young people (aged 15-29 years). The indicator analysis was made through the usage of cluster analysis (Ward's method and k-means method). The data was gathered from the databases of Eurostat. The selected indicators determine the labour market situation of young people in the EU countries and they are derived from two years – 2006 and 2014.Ward's and k-means methods allowed for dividing the EU countries into three groups. It occurred that the groups in 2006 have a completely different composition of countries than in 2014, which was mainly determined by crisis influences on the labour markets as well as directions of conducted reforms. Additionally, the k-means method allowed for comparison of selected groups on the basis of chosen variables and determination of countries with the best and the worst situation of young people.

scholarly journals SELF-EMPLOYMENT OF FOREIGNERS AS AN INNOVATIVE SOLUTION ON THE LABOR MARKET IN THE EUROPEAN UNION

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 178-183
Author(s):  
Valentinas Navickas ◽  
Eva Grmanová ◽  
Waldemar Gajda
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labor Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The Other ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Self Employment ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Innovative Solution ◽  
The Eu

The main aim of this article is to identify certain specificity in self-employment of foreigners in EU countries and to find out whether the differences in self-employment of foreigners between countries are diminishing. Within the main objective, we have set two sub-objectives. The first sub-objective is to compare EU countries on the basis of the following indicators: 1/ number of self-employed foreigners and 2/ share of self-employed foreigners in employed persons from foreign countries. The second sub-objective is to determine whether EU countries converge in the number of the share of self-employed foreigners in the number of employed persons from foreign countries. We have confirmed that the countries have a tendency to convergence in regard to the share of self-employed foreigners in employed persons from foreign countries. We assume that this tendency can also be due to the pressure of the labour market that shows a lack of labour force. The share of self-employed migrants is relatively high in Eastern Europe. On the other hand, their increase is below average compared to the EU.

scholarly journals Women’s Economic Inactivity and Age. Analysis of the Situation in Poland and the EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (338) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Reasons For Staying ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The group of economically inactive women is heavily diversified. The reasons for staying outside the labour market are the important factors that differentiate this group. They depend on the age or level of education among others. In addition, there is great geographical heterogeneity of the reasons for economic inactivity. Hence, two questions arise. Firstly, how significant is the geograph­ical diversity of the reasons for staying outside the labour market in the European Union? Secondly, have these geographical differences been changing over time? The main aim of the analysis is the classification of the EU countries taking into consideration reasons for women’s economic inactivity in different age groups. The analysis is carried out applying descriptive statistics and the k‑means method. The data are taken from the publicly available Eurostat’s Labour Force Survey datasets. The study of general tendencies in women’s economic inactivity covers the years 2000–2016. In turn, cluster analysis was carried out for data from 2006, 2010 and 2014. The obtained results confirmed significant diversity of the EU states. In addition, this geographical diversity has been changing over time. We receive the greatest similarity of classification obtained for different periods for the 50–64 age group and the smallest for the 25–49 age group. Moreover, there are noticeable tendencies of a significant decrease in the share of the economically inactive in the group of the oldest individuals (aged 50–64) in the sample. On the other hand, in the youngest group (individuals aged under 25), there are opposite tendencies observed – the share of those who remain outside the labour market increases.

scholarly journals THE IMPACT OF OFFSHORING ON THE EUROPEAN LABOUR MARKET

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 35-42
Author(s):  
Jakub Kraciuk
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Eastern Europe ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Central And Eastern Europe ◽  
Wage Gap ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Skilled Workers ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Eu

This study shows the differences in wages of workers from the EU countries according to various levels of education. It also shows the level of offshoring in the analysed countries and its impact on the salaries. It was found that the largest wage gap between the high-skilled and the low-skilled workers exists both in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe and in the countries such as Germany and Portugal. Results of the analysis show that offshoring contributes to a decrease in wages of workers in the countries of the European Union. Nonetheless, the highest decrease in wages is visible among workers with the lowest skills, and the lowest decrease can be seen among workers with the highest skills.

25 years of the Labour Force Survey in Poland — milestones and development prospects

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 23-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zgierska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
National Level ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
The Eu

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is one of the basic survey conducted by the CSO. It enables current evaluation of the use of labour resources and at the same time it allows for a wider characterisation of population groups due to their status on the labour market. In 2017, a quarter of a century has passed from the time of the first edition of the LFS, which, since the very beginning, has been implemented in accordance with international recommendations and modified regarding the needs of data users. The beginnings of LFS in Poland are closely related to the period of systemic transformation and the demand for research allowing to fill the information gap concerning the possibilities of characterisation of new phenomena on the labour market. Following the accession of Poland to the European Union (EU), data from the survey became the basis for compilation of key indicators used as the essential ones in various strategies, both at the EU and national level. The aim of the article, apart from the jubilee theme, is to recall the milestones and the most important changes in the LFS methodology, which is extremely important for data users. Moreover, work conducted in this field within the EU is described in the final part of the article.

scholarly journals Cluster analysis of effectiveness of labour market policy in the European Union

2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 143-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Rollnik-Sadowska ◽  
Edyta Dąbrowska
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Cluster Analysis ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Market Policy ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Market Policy ◽  
Labour Market Policies ◽  
Eu Countries ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
The Eu

Research background: In the era of demographic changes and the need for rationalization of public expenditure, the European Union social policy promotes the activation approach. In addition, a growing importance of increasing the effectiveness and efficiency of public entities can be noticed. These phenomena are visible in the implementation of the labour market policy. However, the EU countries represent a different approach to spending public funds on issues related to the implementation of  labour market policy. Purpose of the article: The authors are presenting the main theoretical assumptions concerning effectiveness and efficiency of labour market policy. Moreover, in the paper the EU countries are classified in clusters according to their level of expenditure on different categories of LMP. A comparison of the situation over ten years — in 2004 and 2014 — has also been conducted. In 2004, ten new members entered the EU, and the year 2014 presents the most current data in the analyzed area. Methods: As a research method cluster analysis was applied. Cross-country labour market situation throughout the EU is presented by the analysis of the Eurostat data. The countries are grouped in clusters following Ward's and k-means methods. Findings & Value added: There is a need to work out a complex evaluation of labour market policies in the EU to provide comparative analysis of the EU countries (or groups of countries). It would allow to determine the level of development of the country in terms of the efficiency of labour market policies. The EU countries with the best labour market indicators represent diverse levels of LMP expenditure.

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