scholarly journals Women’s Economic Inactivity and Age. Analysis of the Situation in Poland and the EU

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (338) ◽  
pp. 57-80 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Matuszewska-Janica
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Geographical Differences ◽  
Reasons For Staying ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The group of economically inactive women is heavily diversified. The reasons for staying outside the labour market are the important factors that differentiate this group. They depend on the age or level of education among others. In addition, there is great geographical heterogeneity of the reasons for economic inactivity. Hence, two questions arise. Firstly, how significant is the geograph­ical diversity of the reasons for staying outside the labour market in the European Union? Secondly, have these geographical differences been changing over time? The main aim of the analysis is the classification of the EU countries taking into consideration reasons for women’s economic inactivity in different age groups. The analysis is carried out applying descriptive statistics and the k‑means method. The data are taken from the publicly available Eurostat’s Labour Force Survey datasets. The study of general tendencies in women’s economic inactivity covers the years 2000–2016. In turn, cluster analysis was carried out for data from 2006, 2010 and 2014. The obtained results confirmed significant diversity of the EU states. In addition, this geographical diversity has been changing over time. We receive the greatest similarity of classification obtained for different periods for the 50–64 age group and the smallest for the 25–49 age group. Moreover, there are noticeable tendencies of a significant decrease in the share of the economically inactive in the group of the oldest individuals (aged 50–64) in the sample. On the other hand, in the youngest group (individuals aged under 25), there are opposite tendencies observed – the share of those who remain outside the labour market increases.

scholarly journals When two (or more) do not equal one: an analysis of the changing nature of multiple and single jobholding in Europe

2021 ◽  
pp. 102425892110026
Author(s):  
Wieteke Conen ◽  
Paul de Beer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
Empirical Knowledge ◽  
Economic Vulnerability ◽  
Advanced Economies ◽  
Analyse Data ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

The scope and structure of multiple jobholding and its consequences for multiple jobholders are changing in many Western economies. Only limited quantitative empirical knowledge is currently available on the changing features of multiple jobholding and whether the economic vulnerability of multiple jobholders has been changing over time. In this article we focus on the position and trends of multiple jobholders compared with single jobholders in Europe. We study this in terms of working hours, workers’ desire to work more hours, and in-work poverty. To that end, we analyse data since the early 2000s from the EU Labour Force Survey and from the EU Statistics on Income and Living Conditions. Our findings show that multiple jobholding is a significant and increasing labour market phenomenon in many advanced economies, with changing characteristics, for example in terms of gender distribution and combinations of contracts. In-work poverty is relatively high among non-standard workers, but the findings do not indicate a deteriorating trend effect. In-work poverty seems to be on the rise among people who are single, for both single jobholders and multiple jobholders.

Current state of mortality of the working-age population in Russia and Europe

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (11) ◽  
pp. 756-759
Author(s):  
Tatyana Yu. Gorchakova ◽  
Anastasiya N. Churanova
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Mortality Rates ◽  
Age Group ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Current State ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Working Age Population ◽  
State Programs ◽  
The Eu

Introduction. Issues of preserving the health and saving of the Russian population are important in the development of state programs. One of the main sources of population growth, as well as the preservation of the labor potential of our country, is the reduction of the death rate of the working - age population. The aim of the study was to analyze the mortality of the population in the age groups 15-59 years and 15-64 years for men and 15-54 years and 15-59 years for women in Russia in comparison with the countries of the European Union (EU-28). Materials and methods. Mortality was studied based on data from Rosstat and the WHO Mortality Database and the Human Mortality Database. Age-standardized mortality rates were calculated for Russia in 2018 and the EU-28 countries in 2017 (European standard, revised 2013). Results. Comparative analysis of the standardized mortality rates of the population 15 to 59 years and 15-64 years for men and 15-54 years of age and 15-59 years of age showed a significant gap between Russia and the EU-28. Differences in mortality among men in comparison with the EU-28 in the age group of 15-59 years was 3.1 times, and in the age group 15-64 years - by 2.8 times. In women aged 15-54 years, the excess was 2.5 times, and in those aged 15-59 years - 2.2 times. Conclusions. Thus, the analysis of modern data on the mortality of the male (aged 15-59 and 15-64 years) and female (aged 15-54 and 15-59 years) populations indicated that negative trends persist in Russia's lagging behind the European Union countries.

25 years of the Labour Force Survey in Poland — milestones and development prospects

2017 ◽  
Vol 62 (12) ◽  
pp. 23-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Zgierska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
National Level ◽  
Labour Force Survey ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Information Gap ◽  
Key Indicators ◽  
New Phenomena ◽  
Development Prospects ◽  
The Eu

The Labour Force Survey (LFS) is one of the basic survey conducted by the CSO. It enables current evaluation of the use of labour resources and at the same time it allows for a wider characterisation of population groups due to their status on the labour market. In 2017, a quarter of a century has passed from the time of the first edition of the LFS, which, since the very beginning, has been implemented in accordance with international recommendations and modified regarding the needs of data users. The beginnings of LFS in Poland are closely related to the period of systemic transformation and the demand for research allowing to fill the information gap concerning the possibilities of characterisation of new phenomena on the labour market. Following the accession of Poland to the European Union (EU), data from the survey became the basis for compilation of key indicators used as the essential ones in various strategies, both at the EU and national level. The aim of the article, apart from the jubilee theme, is to recall the milestones and the most important changes in the LFS methodology, which is extremely important for data users. Moreover, work conducted in this field within the EU is described in the final part of the article.

scholarly journals Developments of employment by broad age-groups in Poland in the years 1998–2008. Do their determinants differ?

2014 ◽  
pp. 55-81
Author(s):  
Izabela Grabowska
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Older Workers ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Research Question ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Logistic Models ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Labour Market Situation ◽  
Regional Labour Market ◽  
The Impact

The latest Eurostat projections show that both population and labour force ageing change employment profiles by age in the European Union countries even in case of an increase in labour force participation and employment (The 2012 Ageing Report). My research question is how basic individual (such as age, education, household position, place of residence) and contextual characteristics (such as the business cycle and the regional labour market situation) influence on employment opportunities in Poland. I test whether the impact of different factors varies with age, which has been categorized to reflect different stages of the life course: youth and young adults (15–29 years old), prime aged (30–54 years old), and older workers (for women: 55–59, for men: 55–64). To answer the research question three types of multilevel logistic models were applied: (a) general models with age as one of the basic determinants, (b) models for each age group for non-agriculture and agriculture. The data used come from the Polish Labour Force Survey (BAEL) of the years 1998–2008 and regional labour market data. The analysis reveals that there are differences in influence of individual and context variables on employment odd ratios between age groups, sex and employment sectors.

Demographic Change and the European Union Labour Market

2005 ◽  
Vol 194 ◽  
pp. 74-81 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katerina Lisiankova ◽  
Robert E. Wright
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Labour Market ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
Population Projections ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Growth Data ◽  
Demographic Trends ◽  
If Current ◽  
United Nation ◽  
The Eu

If current demographic trends continue, the combined population of the twenty-five countries that currently make up the European Union will age rapidly and decline in size in the coming decades. As the EU population ages and declines, so will its labour force, which will likely constrain the labour market and generate lower rates of economic growth. Data from the most recent round of United Nation population projections is used to illustrate the scale of these changes.

The rotating Presidency of the Council of the EU – Still an agenda-setter?

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 497-518
Author(s):  
Austė Vaznonytė
Keyword(s):  
Institutional Changes ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Issue Salience ◽  
Political Factors ◽  
Agenda Setter ◽  
Panel Model ◽  
The Government ◽  
Council Presidency ◽  
Over Time ◽  
The Eu

What role does the rotating Council Presidency maintain a decade after Lisbon? This article argues that, regardless of institutional changes, the rotating Presidency still shapes the Council agenda to a large extent. Based on an original hand-coded dataset of rotating Presidency programmes between 1997 and 2017, I show that some policies are ‘stickier’ on the Council agenda, while the others exhibit significant changes in salience over time. Since the magnitude of these shifts varies from Presidency to Presidency, the analysis focuses on domestic political factors and the country positioning vis-à-vis the European Union to determine their relationship with agenda volatility. By means of a panel model, the examination demonstrates that the government issue salience can best explain the levels of issue salience in the Presidency programmes.

scholarly journals OP0248 PREMATURE MORTALITY BURDEN FOR SYSTEMIC SCLEROSIS: NATIONWIDE POPULATION-BASED STUDY

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 156.1-156
Author(s):  
E. Yen ◽  
D. Singh ◽  
M. Wu ◽  
R. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
United States ◽  
Disease Burden ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Premature Mortality ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
Mortality Burden ◽  
Over Time

Background:Premature mortality is an important way to quantify disease burden. Patients with systemic sclerosis (SSc) can die prematurely of disease, however, the premature mortality burden of SSc is unknown. The years of potential life lost (YPLL), in addition to age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) in younger ages, can be used as measures of premature death.Objectives:To evaluate the premature mortality burden of SSc by calculating: 1) the proportions of SSc deaths as compared to deaths from all other causes (non-SSc) by age groups over time, 2) ASMR for SSc relative to non-SSc-ASMR by age groups over time, and 3) the YPLL for SSc relative to other autoimmune diseases.Methods:This is a population-based study using a national mortality database of all United States residents from 1968 through 2015, with SSc recorded as the underlying cause of death in 46,798 deaths. First, we calculated the proportions of deaths for SSc and non-SSc by age groups for each of 48 years and performed joinpoint regression trend analysis1to estimate annual percent change (APC) and average APC (AAPC) in the proportion of deaths by age. Second, we calculated ASMR for SSc and non-SSc causes and ratio of SSc-ASMR to non-SSc-ASMR by age groups for each of 48 years, and performed joinpoint analysis to estimate APC and AAPC for these measures (SSc-ASMR, non-SSc-ASMR, and SSc-ASMR/non-SSc-ASMR ratio) by age. Third, to calculate YPLL, each decedent’s age at death from a specific disease was subtracted from an arbitrary age limit of 75 years for years 2000 to 2015. The years of life lost were then added together to yield the total YPLL for each of 13 preselected autoimmune diseases.Results:23.4% of all SSc deaths as compared to 13.5% of non-SSc deaths occurred at <45 years age in 1968 (p<0.001, Chi-square test). In this age group, the proportion of annual deaths decreased more for SSc than for non-SSc causes: from 23.4% in 1968 to 5.7% in 2015 at an AAPC of -2.2% (95% CI, -2.4% to -2.0%) for SSc, and from 13.5% to 6.9% at an AAPC of -1.5% (95% CI, -1.9% to -1.1%) for non-SSc. Thus, in 2015, the proportion of SSc and non-SSc deaths at <45 year age was no longer significantly different. Consistently, SSc-ASMR decreased from 1.0 (95% CI, 0.8 to 1.2) in 1968 to 0.4 (95% CI, 0.3 to 0.5) per million persons in 2015, a cumulative decrease of 60% at an AAPC of -1.9% (95% CI, -2.5% to -1.2%) in <45 years old. The ratio of SSc-ASMR to non-SSc-ASMR also decreased in this age group (cumulative -20%, AAPC -0.3%). In <45 years old, the YPLL for SSc was 65.2 thousand years as compared to 43.2 thousand years for rheumatoid arthritis, 18.1 thousand years for dermatomyositis,146.8 thousand years for myocarditis, and 241 thousand years for type 1 diabetes.Conclusion:Mortality at younger ages (<45 years) has decreased at a higher pace for SSc than from all other causes in the United States over a 48-year period. However, SSc accounted for more years of potential life lost than rheumatoid arthritis and dermatomyositis combined. These data warrant further studies on SSc disease burden, which can be used to develop and prioritize public health programs, assess performance of changes in treatment, identify high-risk populations, and set research priorities and funding.References:[1]Yen EY….Singh RR. Ann Int Med 2017;167:777-785.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Trends and Rural-Urban Differences in Asthma Hospitalizations in Saskatchewan 1970-1989

1994 ◽  
Vol 1 (4) ◽  
pp. 229-234 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Senthilselvan
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Hospitalization Rates ◽  
Rural And Urban ◽  
Asthma Hospitalization ◽  
Group Sex ◽  
Rate Ratios ◽  
Rural Dwellers

OBJECTIVE: To examine the trends in hospitalization rates for atsthma in Saskatchewan from 1970 to 1989 and to investigate the differences in asthma hospitalization rates between rural and urban dwellers.DESIGN: Asthma hospitalization rates were calculated for the age groups O to 4, 5 to 9. 10 to 14, 15 to 24. 25 to 34. 35 to 49 and 50 to 64 years for the period between 1970 and 1989. Only the first admission in each year for each person was included in the analysis. As the classification of asthma changed in 1978. trends in asthma hospitalization rates were investigated separately for the periods 1970 to 1978 and 1979 to 1989. respectively. Rate ratios were obtained for male/female and rural/urban comparisons by fitting Poisson regression models.SETTING: The hospitalization data for respiratory diseases for the province of Saskatchewan were examined by age group, sex and place or residence.RESULT: No significant increases were observed in asthma hospitalization rates lrorn 1970 to 1978. In the period 1979 to 1989. asthma hospitalization rates increased significantly among children under four years from 4.31/1000 in 1979 to 7.04/1000 in 1989. Among children under 14 years. asthma hospitalization rates were greater in boys than in girls . The converse was true for adults aged 15 and above, with women having a higher hospitalization rate for asthma than men . In adults aged 35 and above. rural dwellers had higher hospitalization rates for asthma than urban dwellers throughout the study period. In other age groups, although rural dwellers had higher asthma hospitalization rates than did urban dwellers during 1970 to 1984. the differences disappered duri ng 1985 to 1989.CONCLUSION: Further studies are required to find reasons for the increase in asthma hospitalizations among young children under four years old and for the differences between rural and urban dwellers in the age group 35 years and above.

Abstract 88: Increasing False Positive Diagnoses May Lead to Overestimation of Stroke Incidence, Particularly in the Young

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Abhinav J Appukutty ◽  
Lesli E Skolarus ◽  
Mellanie V Springer ◽  
William J Meurer ◽  
James F Burke
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
False Positive ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Vascular Risk Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Stroke Incidence ◽  
Ed Visits ◽  
Over Time

Introduction: Stroke incidence is reportedly increasing in younger adults. While increasing vascular risk factor prevalence has been suggested as a cause, the reasons for rising stroke incidence in the young are not clear. We explored several alternate explanations: trends in neurologically-focused emergency department (ED) visits, differential diagnostic classification of stroke and TIA over time, and changes in the use of advanced imaging in young and older adults. Methods: We performed a retrospective, serial, cross-sectional study on a nationally representative sample of all ED visits in the United States to quantify changes in patterns of neurologically-focused ED visits, stroke and TIA diagnoses, and rates of MRI utilization for young (18 – 44 years) and older (65+ years) adults over a 17-year period (1995 – 2000; 2005 – 2015) using National Hospital Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NHAMCS) data. Results: In young adults, 0.4% (95% CI 0.3% – 0.5%) of neurologically-focused ED visits resulted in a primary diagnosis of stroke vs. 6.8% (95% CI 6.2% – 7.5%) for older adults. In both populations, the incidence of neurologically-focused ED visits has increased over time (+111/100,000 population/year, 95% CI +94 – +130 in the young vs. +70/100,000 population/year, 95% CI +34 – +108 in older adults). There was no evidence of differential classification of TIA to stroke over time (OR 1.001 per year, 95% CI 0.926 – 1.083 in the young; OR 1.003 per year, 95% CI 0.982 – 1.026 in older adults) and no evidence of disproportionate rise in MRI utilization for neurologically-focused ED visits in the young (OR 1.057 per year, 95% CI 1.028 – 1.086 in the young; OR 1.095 per year, 95% CI 1.066 – 1.125 in older adults). Conclusions: If the specificity of stroke diagnosis amongst ED visits is similar amongst young and older populations, then the combination of data observed here, including (1) a lower prior probability of stroke diagnoses in the young and (2) an increasing trend in neurologically-focused ED visits in both age groups, suggests that false positive diagnoses will increase over time, with a faster rise in the young compared to older adults. These data suggest a potential explanation that may contribute to higher stroke incidence in the young and merits further scrutiny.

scholarly journals Age-training gaps in the European Union

2012 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
FIONA CARMICHAEL ◽  
MARCO G. ERCOLANI
Keyword(s):  
European Union ◽  
Older People ◽  
Labour Force ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Cross Country ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
And Training ◽  
Normal Work ◽  
The Eu

ABSTRACTThis paper examines the relationship between age and training in the 15 European Union countries (EU-15) that were member states prior to the 2004 enlargement. The analysis is carried out using European Union Labour Force Survey data. We report cross-country comparisons of the training undertaken by older people (aged 50–64) and younger people (aged 20–49). We extend previous research by adding an analysis of the training undertaken by non-workers as well as that of workers. We also consider whether training is work-related, whether it is undertaken during normal work-hours and the time spent in training. Our results show that across the EU-15 not only are older people less likely to participate in training in general but, more importantly, they are less likely to participate in work-related training. Our evidence suggests that there is considerable scope for raising the training rates of older people and particularly older people who are out of work.

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