Standing in the space between fields: The interstitial power of elites in Italian banking foundations

2021 ◽  
pp. 003802612110561
Author(s):  
Paola Arrigoni
Keyword(s):  
Banking Sector ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Power Elite ◽  
Conceptual Tool ◽  
High Ranking ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Work First

In this article, I explore interstitiality – a concept based on Gil Eyal’s notion of ‘spaces between fields’ – as a potential heuristic lens for observing contemporary elites, applying it to high-ranking figures in the Compagnia San Paolo (CSP). CSP is a banking foundation ( Fondazione di origine bancaria or FOB) that was set up in the 1990s arising from the privatization of the Italian banking sector. After outlining the theoretical underpinnings of interstitiality, I bring the construct to bear on my own empirical work. First, I elucidate what FOBs are and why they may represent a valuable interstitial observatory on a significant segment of power elite. Second, I examine CSP as an emblematic instance of an FOB. Third, I illustrate the main characteristics of CSP’s elites, suggesting that these groups reflect the features of interstitiality insofar as: they merge logics and grammars of justification from different fields; and, given their high degree of mobility across fields, they contribute to disseminating discursive and governmental practices of hybridization. My aim, as advocated for by Mike Savage and Karel Williams, is to enrich the sociological debate on elites by introducing a new conceptual tool.

scholarly journals PLASTIC CARDS AS THE MAIN SECTOR OF CASHLESS PAYMENTS

2018 ◽  
pp. 76-79 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. O. Kushu ◽  
Y. A. Sobka
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Economic Activities ◽  
Tax Base ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Motivational Aspect ◽  
Calculation Methodology ◽  
Single Strategy ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Impact

The article discusses the impact of plastic cards on minimizing the risks of the organization. Non-cash payments - is an integral part of the management of financial and economic activities of the banking sector within the framework of a single strategy of economic development, which is a process of systematic use of the optimal legal methods and methods to establish the desired future financial condition of the object in terms of limited resources and the possibility of their alternative use. The process of using plastic cards should be considered in a number of ways. The organizational aspect assesses the degree of formalization and regulation of the use of cashless payments. It is clear that the higher the degree of regulation of procedures, the higher the predictability and manageability of the process of cashless payments. Coordination is the degree of coordination among the participants. It is the result of a high degree of regulation of the process or effective operational work of the Department of non-cash payments. The methodology reflects the compliance of plastic cards calculation methodology adopted by the company, its production characteristics and financial and economic structure. The value of the motivational aspect of non-cash payments is that it makes it possible to stimulate the results of the work of the head, or the entire Department of non-cash payments. Stimulation is made by means of inclusion in the budget of division of the bonus Fund which can be used for payment of awards to employees of division and its head. The need to calculate Bank cards is inherent in the legislation itself, which provides for certain regimes for different situations, allows different methods for calculating the tax base and offers various benefits if they act in the desired directions to the authorities. In addition, the process of calculating plastic cards is due to the interest of the state in providing a number of advantages in order to stimulate any sphere of production, category, regulation of socio-economic development.

scholarly journals From ‘ontological metaphor’ to semiotic make-believe: giving shape and substance to fictive objects of conception with the ‘globe gesture’

Signo ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (70) ◽  
pp. 29 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jean-Remi Lapaire
Keyword(s):  
Mental Representations ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Cognitive Artifact ◽  
Emotional Appeal ◽  
Physical Presence ◽  
Sense Of Reality ◽  
Suspension Of Disbelief ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree

Speakers are moving cognizers who engage in bodily acts of conceptualization. The “globe gesture” is among the most spectacular forms of “manual thinking” (Streeck 2009) used in formal talk. A characterization of the kinesic action typical of the “globe gesture” is first provided that shows how “the image of a bounded, supportable object” is created (McNeill 1992) and set up in gesture space. As conceptual objects are created and masses of semantic substance fashioned, visible shape is given to shapeless mental representations. A powerful semiotic trick is performed with a simple cognitive artifact. Interestingly, a willing suspension of disbelief is required of speakers and listeners who must temporarily give up their rational conceptions of visibility, materiality and palpability to watch the symbolic manipulation of invisible objects. The basic expressive properties of the “globe gesture” are next characterized: outlining and isolating objects of conception; neutralizing semantic specification; establishing a joint focus of attention and imagination; shaping, displaying and unifying content; creating a sense of reality and existence through physical presence. Iconic modifications of the standard metaphoric hand configuration, virtuosic elaborations and creative blends are finally examined before reporting the results of an experimental study of the globe gesture’s heuristic properties in a controlled environment. 14 students attending a multimodal “kineflective” seminar used the hand configuration to engage in “choreographic thinking” (Forsythe 2009) and develop a haptic understanding of derivation, nominalization, substantivation, conceptual reification. The globe gesture acted as a facilitator so long as a high degree of generality was maintained but was promptly discarded when words with a strong emotional appeal were introduced (e.g. sadness, madness). Emblems and iconic gestures were spontaneously performed instead.

Colonization of depopulated crinoids by symbionts: who comes from the bottom and who from the water column?

2015 ◽  
Vol 95 (8) ◽  
pp. 1607-1612 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.S. Mekhova ◽  
P.Y. Dgebuadze ◽  
V.N. Mikheev ◽  
T.A. Britayev
Keyword(s):  
Water Column ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Long Distance ◽  
Sandy Substrate ◽  
Limited Dispersal ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Almost All ◽  
High Degree

Previous experiments with the comatulid Himerometra robustipinna (Carpenter, 1881) demonstrated intensive host-to-host migration processes for almost all symbiotic species both within host aggregations and among hosts separated by several metres. The aim of this study was to check the ability of symbionts to complete long-distance migrations, by means of two in situ experiments which depopulated the crinoid host. Two different sets of field experiments were set up: exposure of depopulated crinoids (set 1) on stony ‘islands’ isolated from native crinoid assemblages by sandy substrate, and (set 2) in cages suspended in the water column. Hosts from set 1 were exposed for 1, 2, 3 and 4 weeks to assess whether substrate has an influence on the symbionts' long-distance migrations. In set 2 cages were exposed for 10–11 days, aiming to check whether symbionts were able to disperse through the water column with currents. These experiments allow the conclusion that post-settled symbionts can actively migrate among their hosts. Symbionts are able to reach their hosts by employing two different ‘transport corridors’, by drifting or swimming in water column, and by moving on the bottom. Comparison of experimental results allows the division of symbionts into two conventional groups according to the dispersal ability of their post-settled stages: (1) species able to complete long-distance migrations, (2) species unable to migrate or having limited dispersal ability. The finding of the free-living shrimp Periclimenes diversipes Kemp, 1922 in set 2 raises the question about the factors that affect such a high degree of specialization of crinoid assemblages.

Performance Evaluation of Hard Turning for AISI M2 Die Steel with Coated and Non-Coated CBN Inserts

2015 ◽  
Vol 766-767 ◽  
pp. 594-599 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Girishankar ◽  
M. Omkumar
Keyword(s):  
Tool Life ◽  
Hard Turning ◽  
Cubic Boron Nitride ◽  
Finish Turning ◽  
Die Steel ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Cost ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Very High

Hard Finish Turning has been Widely Acknowledged as an Excellent Alternative for the Traditional Grinding, Especially it Enables many Intricate Machining Profiles Possible, in a Single Machining Set-up. Cubic Boron Nitride (CBN) Inserts are Usually Used for Hard Turning of Superior Hardened Steel Parts to Very High Degree of Accuracy, Geometry and Surface Texture. the Performance of CBN is of Significant Importance for Hard Finish Turning, because of the High Single Cutting Edge Cost. an Array of Experiments are Conducted with Two Different Types of Low Content CBN Insert Grades, 1) Tin Coated Insert CB7015, 2) Non Coated Insert BN250 by Using a Tool Holder MTJNL2525M16 in a LT20 Classic ACE Turning Centre. the Surface Roughness is Inspected by SJ201P Surfinish Mitutoyo Profile Tester. the Parameters Determined during the Experiments are MRR, Ra, and Tool Life in Minutes, Number of Parts Machined. A Satisfactory Match has been Reached by Comparing Mathematical Model Tool Life Using Experimental Data from the General Taylor’s Tool Life Equation and Experimentally Measured Tool Life. the Cost Analysis is Carried out by Gilbert’s Approach Indicates that the Cost Incurred per Part Produced is Lesser in Tin Coated Insert. the Proposed Methodology can Help to Optimise the Hard Finish Turning Process for AISI M2 Die Steel, and Also in Evaluating the Performance of CBN Tin Coated Insert over Non-Coated Insert.

Determinants of co-creation in banking services

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 187-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Emerson Wagner Mainardes ◽  
Aridelmo Teixeira ◽  
Paula Cristina da Silveira Romano
Keyword(s):  
Risk Assessment ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Investment Banks ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Perceptions ◽  
Service Production ◽  
Retail Banks ◽  
The Relationship

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that favor the activity of co-creation with customers in the banking sector. The way in which consumers co-create with banking organizations was also examined. Design/methodology/approach The “dialogue, access, risk and transparency” model was employed with the variables dialogue, access, risk assessment and transparency, as per Prahalad and Ramaswamy (2004). The final data sample accounted for 265 clients of a large Brazilian bank and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the data. Findings The results indicated a significant and positive association with access, risk assessment and transparency when the bank co-created with these clients. Dialogue did not appear significantly affect to the co-creative process between clients and the bank. Research limitations/implications The study was conducted with customers of only one major Brazilian bank. The authors recommend that the same study is conducted in other retail banks, investment banks and smaller banks, with a specialized focus. Limitations notwithstanding, the outstanding findings of this research relate to customer perceptions, which, it should be noted, do not necessarily reflect the totality of the relationship between client and bank. Originality/value Understanding co-creation in the banking sector is a new learning perspective on consumer behavior and interactions within the service production process. The justification and relevance of this study derive from the construction of this knowledge and the scarcity of empirical work in this area.

Revenue efficiency analysis of scheduled commercial banks in a dynamic environment

2015 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 184-210 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aparna Bhatia ◽  
Megha Mahendru
Keyword(s):  
Commercial Banks ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Allocative Efficiency ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Dynamic Environment ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Customer Base ◽  
Public Sector Banks ◽  
Revenue Efficiency

Purpose – The paper aims to analyze the revenue efficiency (RE) of Scheduled Commercial Banks in India. The study also determines the nature of Return to Scale (RTS) of banks and thereby identifies the leaders and laggards in the Indian Banking Sector. Design/methodology/approach – RE of banks is calculated by using the non-parametric approach, namely, data envelopment analysis. Further, the efficiency scores are decomposed into technical and allocative efficiency. Findings – Public Sector Banks have higher RE as compared to their counterparts in private and foreign sectors. The choice of operating on incorrect scale is identified as the primary reason of inefficiency. It is suggested that banks should expand their business by opening new branches and also try to increase their customer base. Overall, it is seen that trends in RE are somewhat affected by the dynamism in the environment along with the bank-specific factors. Originality/value – With specific reference to India, less empirical work has been carried out with respect to RE. None of the studies has identified that revenue inefficiency is caused either by mispricing of outputs or giving wrong choice of outputs.

scholarly journals Molecular characterisation, genetic variability and detection of a functional polymorphism influencing the promoter activity of OXT gene in goat and sheep

2017 ◽  
Vol 84 (2) ◽  
pp. 165-169 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianfranco Cosenza ◽  
Marco Iannaccone ◽  
Boipuso Alpheus Pico ◽  
Daniela Gallo ◽  
Rosanna Capparelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Promoter Activity ◽  
Association Studies ◽  
Amino Acid Sequences ◽  
Luciferase Assay ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Genetic Types ◽  
Flanking Region ◽  
Set Up ◽  
High Degree

The purpose of the study described in this Research Communication was to report the full characterisation of the goat and sheep oxytocin-neurophysin I gene (OXT), their promoters and amino acid sequences. Using the genomic DNA as template, we sequenced and compared the whole OXT gene (3 exons), plus 958/960 nucleotides at the 5′ flanking region and 478/477 nucleotides at the 3′ flanking region, in 46 sheep and 24 goats belonging to different breeds/genetic types reared in Italy, Greece and Germany. The comparison of the obtained sequences showed a high degree of genetic variability at these loci. In particular, we focused on the SNP g.438T > C as possible example of trans-specific polymorphism. This SNP alters a putative binding site of the transcription factor Oct-1. The set-up of a luciferase assay confirmed that the C variant of this SNP negatively affects the promoter activity of the sheep OXT gene. The results of this study suggest that the SNP g.438T > C might be useful to promote association studies with traits/physiological processes controlled by this hormone.

scholarly journals How to Build Your Own ASP-based System?!

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-63
Author(s):  
ROLAND KAMINSKI ◽  
JAVIER ROMERO ◽  
TORSTEN SCHAUB ◽  
PHILIPP WANKO
Keyword(s):  
Problem Solving ◽  
Application Programming Interface ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Difference Constraints ◽  
Application Programming ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Abstract Syntax Trees

Abstract Answer Set Programming, or ASP for short, has become a popular and sophisticated approach to declarative problem solving. Its popularity is due to its attractive modeling-grounding-solving workflow that provides an easy approach to problem solving, even for laypersons outside computer science. However, in contrast to ASP’s ease of use, the high degree of sophistication of the underlying technology makes it even hard for ASP experts to put ideas into practice whenever this involves modifying ASP’s machinery. For addressing this issue, this tutorial aims at enabling users to build their own ASP-based systems. More precisely, we show how the ASP system clingo can be used for extending ASP and for implementing customized special-purpose systems. To this end, we propose two alternatives. We begin with a traditional AI technique and show how metaprogramming can be used for extending ASP. This is a rather light approach that relies on clingo’s reification feature to use ASP itself for expressing new functionalities. The second part of this tutorial uses traditional programming (in Python) for manipulating clingo via its application programming interface. This approach allows for changing and controlling the entire model-ground-solve workflow of ASP. Central to this is clingo’s new Application class that allows us to draw on clingo’s infrastructure by customizing processes similar to the one in clingo. For instance, we may apply manipulations to programs’ abstract syntax trees, control various forms of multi-shot solving, and set up theory propagators for foreign inferences. A cross-sectional structure, spanning meta as well as application programming, is clingo’s intermediate format, aspif, that specifies the interface among the underlying grounder and solver. We illustrate the aforementioned concepts and techniques throughout this tutorial by means of examples and several nontrivial case studies. In particular, we show how clingo can be extended by difference constraints and how guess-and-check programming can be implemented with both meta and application programming.

scholarly journals Banks and Economic Growth: A Basic Disequilibrium Model with Five Rationing Regimes

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 9-22
Author(s):  
R. A. Werner
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Banking Sector ◽  
Full Employment ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Asset Price Bubbles ◽  
Price Bubbles ◽  
Inductive Research ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Macro Finance ◽  
Determinants Of Economic Growth

   In this paper, an inductive research methodology and the principle of parsimony are applied to reconsider a central issue in economics and macro-finance, namely the determinants of economic growth and the role of the financial sector. A simple framework is derived, characterised by information imperfections and the absence of market clearing. The literature on rationing has identified the need to consider differing rationing regimes but has not included a banking sector. Such a set-up is presented in this paper, which identifies the link between credit and economic growth under differing rationing regimes, with varying consequences for inflation. The familiar case of money creation resulting in inflation features as a special case within the general framework. Others are the possibility of asset price bubbles and collapses, non-inflationary growth despite full employment, and instability in banking systems. The model is consistent with empirical evidence that has been difficult to reconcile with conventional equilibrium models. It is found that within this simple rationing framework, banks, left to their own devices, do not necessarily deliver stable, non-inflationary growth, and there is no reason to expect their behaviour to optimise social welfare. Some implications for research and policy are discussed.

scholarly journals The quality of competition law institutions and enforcement (Some comparative empirical evidence from BRICS and other countries)

2020 ◽  
pp. 6-20
Author(s):  
Vasiliki Bageri ◽  
Yannis Katsoulacos
Keyword(s):  
Economic Performance ◽  
Empirical Work ◽  
Competition Law ◽  
Empirical Literature ◽  
International Organisations ◽  
Brics Countries ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Set Up ◽  
Intensity Of Competition

Empirical work on the influence of competition policy relies on the construction of indicators for measuring certain attributes of the relevant laws and institutions that can be hypothesized to influence the “quality” of these laws and institutions and hence their effect on competition and economic performance. This paper contributes to the methodological literature on indicators of the quality of Competition Law Institutions & Enforcement (CLI&E) and to the empirical literature relating to the measurement of these indicators in different countries. It presents the results of a recent empirical study, which objective has been to measure indicators of the quality of CLI&E, using data collected through a Questionnaire based survey of competition authorities in a large number of countries and data available from international organisations for these countries. The measurement of the indicators relies on a new methodology that focuses on the factors influencing the extent to which CLI&E improves competition and so enhances economic performance. The overall conclusion is that the three BRICS countries included in our survey (Brazil, Russia and South Africa) are coming closer to the advanced jurisdictions in terms of the specific features of the countries’ institutional and legislative set-up relating to CLI&E but still lag far behind in terms of the general conditions (economic, political, institutional, and socio-cultural) influencing the intensity of competition in a country.

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