The Churches and the Future of Racism

1981 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 152-159
Author(s):  
Donald W. Shriver
Keyword(s):  
Race Relations ◽  
Social Perspectives ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
American Race Relations ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Fair Chance

“For the first time in the history of American race relations, there is now a fair chance that people of different histories, different theologies, and different social perspectives may actually be capable of communicating these differences to each other, in a new expression of the ‘one body with many members.’”

Botswana’s 2019 General Elections: A Referendum on General Ian Khama

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-30
Author(s):  
Batlang Seabo ◽  
Robert Nyenhuis
Keyword(s):  
Democratic Party ◽  
General Election ◽  
Electoral Democracy ◽  
The Future ◽  
General Elections ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
Ruling Party

Abstract On October 23, 2019, Botswana held its twelfth free and fair election. For the first time in the history of Botswana’s electoral democracy, a former president (Ian Khama) defected from the ruling party and supported the opposition. The opposition coalition, working informally with Khama, mounted a spirited campaign against the well-oiled machine, the incumbent and long-ruling Botswana Democratic Party (BDP). Seabo and Nyenhuis reflect on the 2019 general election, analyze the outcome, and consider the implications for the future of Botswana’s electoral democracy. They argue that barring other factors, the BDP’s resounding victory was mainly a result of Batswana’s rejection of former president Ian Khama.

Varlam Shalamov. Rilke and Drozhzhin

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (6) ◽  
pp. 134-140
Author(s):  
Marina Yu. Koreneva ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Main Achievement ◽  
Archival Material ◽  
Introductory Article ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Varlam Shalamov ◽  
First Time ◽  
Academic Study

In the publication V.T. Shalamov’s notes of the early 1970s about the meeting of the famous Austrian poet R.M. Rilke with the peasant poet S.D. Drozhzhin are introduced into academic study for the first time. The meeting took place in 1900 during Rilke’s second trip to Russia. The notes preserved in Shalamov’s archives represent preliminary observations for the future essay, which remained unfinished. The introductory article traces the history of Shalamov’s acquaintance with Rilke’s work and reconstructs Rilke’s image as perceived by Shalamov in the context of his biography and work. It also reconstructs, on the basis of letters and notebooks, the stages of an unrealized plan related to the theme of “Rilke and Drozhzhin”, suggested to Shalamov by B.L. Pasternak, but read by him in the subjective optics of the poet, who considered his main achievement “understanding of nature”. This subjective optics, which distinguishes Shalamov’s text from all subsequent interpretations of this historical and literary plot, is manifested especially clearly in the correlation of the figures of Rilke and Drozhzhin with Soviet writers who were Shalamov’s contemporaries (Tvardovsky, Dzhambul, Stalsky, etc.). The new archival material makes it possible to supplement the picture of the Soviet “Rilkeana” and to expand the understanding of Shalamov’s range of interests.

Hungary, philosophy in

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laszlo Perecz
Keyword(s):  
German Idealism ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Educational Institutions ◽  
History Of Thought ◽  
Philosophical Language ◽  
History Of ◽  
Institutional System ◽  
Philosophical Life ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

The situation of Hungarian philosophy can be best illustrated by two sayings: ‘there are Hungarian philosophers, but there is no Hungarian philosophy’, and ‘a certain period of Hungarian philosophy stretches from Descartes to Kant’. The two ideas are closely connected. Thus on the one hand, there is such a thing as Hungarian philosophy: there are scientific-educational institutions in philosophical life and there are philosophers working in these institutions. On the other hand, there is no such thing as Hungarian philosophy: it is a history of adoption, largely consisting of attempts to introduce and embrace the great trends of Western thought. After some preliminaries in the medieval and early-modern periods, Hungarian philosophy started to develop at the beginning of the nineteenth century. As a result of the reception of German idealism – the so-called Kant debate and Hegel debate – the problems of philosophy were formulated as independent problems for the first time, and a philosophical language began to evolve. After an attempt to create a ‘national philosophy’ – and after some outstanding individual achievements – the institutionalization of Hungarian philosophy accelerated at the end of the century. The early years of the twentieth century brought the first heyday of philosophy to Hungary, with the rapid reception of new idealist trends and notable original contributions. In the period between the two wars the development stopped: many philosophers were forced to emigrate, and Geistesgeschichte (the history of thought) became prevalent in philosophical life. Following the communist take-over, the institutions of ‘bourgeois’ philosophy were eliminated, and Marxism-Leninism, which legitimated political power, took a monopolistic position. During this period, the only significant works created were in the tradition of critical Marxism and philosophical opposition. The changes in 1989 regenerated the institutional system, and the articulation of international contemporary trends – analytic philosophy, hermeneutic tradition and postmodernism – came to the fore. Besides some works by thinkers in exile, Hungarian philosophy has produced only one achievement which can be considered significant at an international level: the oeuvre of György (Georg) Lukács.

Current Preservation and Development State of Traditional Changzhen (Old Towns)’ Landscape Features

2012 ◽  
Vol 209-211 ◽  
pp. 310-313 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuan Yuan Jia ◽  
Jian Yu
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Future Development ◽  
Living Fossil ◽  
Landscape Features ◽  
Ecological Changes ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
Development State ◽  
Political Economic

Old towns is like living fossil which has accumulated rich historical connotations; the one carrying the history of a region’ political, economic, cultural and ecological changes as well as the formative art created by collective labors and wisdoms of generations. The preservation of ancient Chinese dwellings and old towns began late; many historical architectures and traditional country fairs are forcibly removed during the transformation of old cities and towns, thus ancient towns with their original historical looks are becoming less and less. In comparison, the preservation and development of old western towns started earlier than china, with rich experience, they offer good examples for china, especially the successful developing way: eco-tourism. By comparing the preservation and development of traditional Chinese towns’ landscape features to that of western ones, this paper points out that the future development of old towns rely on proper handling of the relation between preserving and the feasibility of renewing, so as to maintain the landscape features of old towns in the course of sustainable development.

Sprachwandel und Etymologie in Der Spanischen Sprachwissenschaft Des Siglo De Oro

1984 ◽  
Vol 11 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 95-116
Author(s):  
Werner Bahner
Keyword(s):  
National Language ◽  
Siglo De Oro ◽  
Good Opportunity ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Social ◽  
History Of Linguistics ◽  
History Of ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
First Time

Summary The Renaissance constitutes a new phase in the history of linguistics. The study of modern languages in particular contributed to enlarge the scope of philological concern as scholars try to promote and to codify a young national language. During this time philologists give particular attention to the origin of these vernaculars, distinguishing the different stages in their evolution and developing an especial awareness of chronology. For the representatives of a national philology, Latin is the starting point, the mould according to which the vernaculars are described and classified. Soon, however, more and more traits are recognized which are particular to these living languages, and which do not agree with the traditions of Latin grammar. On the one hand, modifications on the theoretical level are called for, and, on the other, there is a good opportunity to demonstrate the particularity of a given vernacular. All these tendencies can be found for the first time in the writings on Cas-tillian by the great philologist Antonio de Nebrija (1444–1522). Nebrija recognized a series of phonetic correspondences which, much later in the 19th century, are transformed into ‘phonetic laws’ by a rigorous methodology. In so doing the elaboration of orthographic principles had been for him a stimulus for his explications. In his “Diálogo de la lengua”, Juan de Valdés (devoted himself more extensively to the social aspects of Castillian, to linguistic changes, and to the historical causes for the distribution of Romance languages on the Iberian peninsula, stressing expecially the role of the ‘Reconquista’. The work of Bernardo José de Aldrete (1560–1641) offers a synthesis of all these efforts concerning the evolution of Castillian. He discusses all the substrata and superstrata of the language, sketches the different stages of development of his native tongue, examines Old Castillian with the help of medieval texts, and exploits what Nebrija had noted about the phonetic correspondences. In terms of scholarship, Aldrete’s work constitutes the culmination point in the movement engaged in supporting the rights of the Castillian language et in documenting its sovereignity vis-à-vis the Latin tradition.

The Regulation of Transnational Corporate Identity in Europe

2009 ◽  
Vol 42 (9) ◽  
pp. 1167-1192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Orfeo Fioretos
Keyword(s):  
International Market ◽  
Corporate Identity ◽  
Government Behavior ◽  
History Of Capitalism ◽  
History Of ◽  
Legislative Initiative ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time ◽  
Rule Making ◽  
International Rule

Rules governing the corporate identity of multinational companies are national in nature, with the one exception of the European Company Statute. For the first time in the history of capitalism, this statute enables companies to jettison national rules of incorporation in favor of an international legal identity. This article explains why the statute was the most protracted legislative initiative in the history of European integration and why its final form served significantly to constrain the international market for corporate identity in Europe. Its explanations are anchored in an institutional theory of government behavior that draws on the varieties of capitalism and historical institutionalism traditions. The article concludes with suggestions for how these traditions can be extended beyond their normal purview as a means to giving analytical and substantive nuance to the study of international rule-making.

scholarly journals The extent to which inscriptional evidence may serve as a source of "vulgar," i.e. spoken Latin

Linguistica ◽  
1992 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 19-29
Author(s):  
Paul A. Gaeng
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Method ◽  
Romance Languages ◽  
Future Evolution ◽  
American Scholar ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
Real Language ◽  
Historical Comparative ◽  
The One ◽  
And Training

"Itis incumbent on Romance scholars to analyze and interpret their exceptionally full stock of linguistic material, using all methods of study at their disposal, working both backward and forward in time. Only thus will Romance linguistics be enabled to do what others expect of it: to serve not only as an end in itself but as a model and training-ground for workers in all fields of historical linguistics." Thus wrote the American scholar, Robert A. Hall, jr. some forty years ago in an essay on the recon­ struction of Proto-Romance. 1 Indeed, the researcher into the history of the Romance languages is faced with, on the one hand, the schemes of reconstruction (essentially based on the principles of the historical comparative method) and the often puzzling testimonies of reality found in the sources. Put in other terms, he has the choice of working with an abstract system represented by starred Latin forms that do not belong to any real language or the reality of the mass of postclassical written records that have come down to us to be analyzed and sifted through with a view to discovering evidences of trends toward Romance in phonology, morpho-syntax, and vocabulary. And while there are, no doubt, materials whose meaning in terms of future evolution of the Romance languages is difficult, if not impossible to discover, there is an abun­ dance of those that prelude the future. It is the attention to the future that, I believe, can give reality and life to the large number of forms collected from inscriptions, late writers, and other sources of so-called "Vulgar", i. e. non-literary Latin.

scholarly journals Reading newspapers on the web with a refined history feature

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Theodorich Kopetzky
Keyword(s):  
Web Browser ◽  
Prototype Implementation ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
First Time ◽  
The Web

Current web browser offer a history feature. Interestingly, this feature can still be refined. In this paper such a refinement is presented: the history of the seen. With this refinement not only clicked links are considered for the history but also links which only have been displayed to user. This is under the assumption that a link not followed will be less interesting in the future. By making the presentation of such links more inconspicuous, the cognitive burden on the users is reduced. A prototype implementation is shown for news sites, where not following a link the first time usually means that the link will not be followed in the future as well.

scholarly journals Motet “Jesu, Meine Freude” by Johann Sebastian Bach: Comparative Analysis of Editions of Musical Text

2021 ◽  
pp. 167-181
Author(s):  
Dmytro Savon
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Analysis ◽  
Johann Sebastian Bach ◽  
Historical Reconstruction ◽  
The Third ◽  
Choral Repertoire ◽  
History Of ◽  
Baroque Era ◽  
The One ◽  
First Time

Relevance and scientific novelty of the selected subject for the research. In the Ukrainian musicology, the motets written by Johann Bach were mainly studied from the compositional means standpoint, considering the system of polyphony, the role of chorale and fugue in dramaturgy as well as the composition of works. Scientists have not previously researched the motets performance specificity. Meanwhile, motets, particularly the one reviewed in the article “Jesu, meine Freude”, are among the most frequently performed works of the choral repertoire. For the first time in the Ukrainian musicology, three edited versions of the motet “Jesu, meine Freude” are analyzed from the standpoint of historically oriented performance. Based on the study of editors’ comments and source literature (mostly German), the question of compliance of the musical text with the task of performing reconstruction of the baroque vocal and choral style was studied. The aim of the article lies in the need to find out specificity of the editors’ interpretation of motet “Jesu, meine Freude” written by Johann Bach and suitability extent of different edited versions for the historical reconstruction of the vocal-choral style of the German Baroque. During the development of particular article, such methods were utilized: historical — the history of edited versions of “Jesu, meine Freude” motet was traced, comparative — the comparative analysis of three edited versions of motet “Jesu, meine Freude” written by Johann Bach (Franz Wulner, Konrad Ameln and Mykhailo Berdennykov) was completed. Main results and conclusions. According to the completed comparative analysis, the first two of the three considered edited versions are textual, while the third one is adopted for performing. Textual versions are characterized by the preservation of the composer’s text in the smallest details, including comments to clearly identify the extent of changes made by the editor in the text. The peculiarities of the version adopted for performing contain the large amount of remarks added by the editor, covering dynamic shades, strokes, tempo notation, etc. It is noted that the choice of version type is determined by performance goals: to perform the works of Johann Bach in an authentic manner, the conductor should focus on facsimile versions, and if they are absent (as in the case of the “Jesu, meine Freude” motet), the one should use textual type of edited versions. The version developed for performing cannot correspond to the authentic performing, as the first does not reflect specific tendencies of the time when it was created. It is specified that the conductor should be familiar with the peculiarities of fixing the means of performance in the musical text of the Baroque era.

scholarly journals Towards a conceptual history of the present: Democracy, rights, and freedom in the recent Catalan conflict

2018 ◽  
Vol 57 (4) ◽  
pp. 588-615 ◽  
Author(s):  
Peter Wagner
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
Self Determination ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Late 20Th Century ◽  
The Future ◽  
History Of ◽  
History Of Concepts ◽  
Current Context ◽  
The One ◽  
The 19Th Century

Reinhart Koselleck showed that the decades around 1800 witnessed a major transformation of political language. Around 1800, the horizon of expectations gained distance from the space of the experiences that human beings were making, and thus possibilities for the future opened up widely. In particular, the future would be the time during which ‘peoples’ would gain their capacity for self-determination, called popular sovereignty. This would occur in two particular versions that crystallized in the course of the 19th century, namely as ‘nations’ that would unify or liberate themselves from monarchical and/or imperial domination to form the polities proper to them, or as a ‘class’ that embodied the universal interest of humankind and would assert itself in a second revolution, following up on the French Revolution. Political concepts acquired during that period the meaning that they still had in the late 20th century, i.e. the time when Koselleck developed his approach to the history of concepts, but they may be challenged in the present time, and with them the entire self-understanding of modern polities. The recent Catalan conflict serves to better understand this challenge. ‘People’ and ‘nation’ are there used in ways that are reminiscent of this politico-conceptual tradition, but in a highly ambiguous way. On the one hand, they are employed in exactly their historical meaning: the Catalan people and nation are seen to be finally fulfilling their historical role of reaching political self-determination. On the other hand, these concepts are re-deployed to place them in the current context of existing democratic commitments and institutions as well as high interdependence between polities, all the while claiming that Catalan independence opens up a new normative horizon of democracy, rights, and freedom. This article will try to show that this undeclared ambiguity is characteristic of our current situation in general. This is a situation in which the historically created political concepts have sedimented in institutions, and thus appear to have ‘consolidated’ and moved beyond their historicity. At the same time, they remain impregnated with particular historical experiences that can be re-interpreted to be mobilized in political struggles of the present. To assess the validity and acceptability of any such re-interpretation requires explicit reflection about the persistence of historicity in political concepts.

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