Political Economy of Land Tax in Pakistan

1986 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. 839-853
Author(s):  
Sarfraz Khan Qureshi
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Scarce Resources ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Finance Development ◽  
Equity And Efficiency ◽  
Formed Part

Taxation of the agricultural sector is a major instrument for mobilization of the surplus to finance development projects within the agricultural sector and/or the rest of the economy. For many years, the need for a heavier taxation of agricultural land has formed part of the conventional wisdom regarding the ways of extracting agricultural surplus and increasing the tempo of agricultural development in poor countries. Land taxes have both equity and efficiency properties that gladden the hearts of both economists and vocal politicians belonging to urban areas. Taxes on land promote efficiency in the allocation of scarce resources by creating incentives for farmers to increase their effort and reduce their consumption, thus expanding the amount of agricultural produce available to the non-agricultural sectors of the economy. A tax on land has an important redistributive function because its incidence falls squarely on the landlord and is shifted neither forward to consumers nor backwards to suppliers of agricultural inputs; nor does it introduce distortions in the allocation of productive resources.

FACTORS AFFECTING URBAN AGRICULTURE DEVELOPMENT IN THAI NGUYEN PROVINCE, VIET NAM

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 222-233
Author(s):  
Vu Bach Diep ◽  
Dinh Hong Linh ◽  
Bui Thi Minh Hang
Keyword(s):  
Urban Agriculture ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Industrial Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Infrastructure Policy ◽  
Process Of Urbanization ◽  
Agriculture Development

The process of urbanization is taking place fast and vigorously in large urban and peri-urban areas in Vietnam. According to national forecasts, the rate of urbanization nationwide will reach 39.3% by 2020 and 50-55% by 2035. Thai Nguyen is a province in the midland and mountainous region. The province is located at the northern gateway and bordered with Hanoi capital. In recent years, the agricultural land area of Thai Nguyen province has narrowed due to the urban-industrial development. Urban agriculture development is an inevitable direction, creating safe and high quality food products, protecting the ecological environment, and increasing people's income. Thai Nguyen is one of the provinces promoting sustainable urban agricultural development. Secondary and primary data sources are analyzed and synthesized by descriptive statistical methods. The article will analyze five groups of factors affecting urban agricultural development in Thai Nguyen province in the period 2015-2018, including Socio-economic; Natural conditions and infrastructure; Policy factors; Planning factors; Links and integration.

FDI Trade and Its Effects on Agricultural Development in Nigeria: Evidence From Time Series Analysis

2014 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 28-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oji-Okoro Izuchukwu ◽  
Huang Huiping ◽  
Abba Shehu Abubakar ◽  
Edun Adetunji Olufemi
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Unit Root Test ◽  
Causality Test ◽  
Agricultural Output ◽  
Agricultural Produce ◽  
Step Procedure ◽  
Augmented Dickey Fuller ◽  
Quality Framework ◽  
The Government

Agricultural sector is seen as an engine that contributes to the growth of the overall economy of Nigeria, despite several government efforts the sector is still characterized with low yields and limited areas under cultivation due to government dependence on mono-agricultural economy based on oil. This study attempts to evaluate the impacts of FDI, trade and its effects on agricultural sector development in Nigeria between the periods of 1980-2009, in analyzing the variables (VAR) model was used employing a three-step procedure. The Unit root test was conducted using the Augmented Dickey Fuller (ADF) and Philips-Parron (PP). Johansen and Juselius multivariate Cointregration test indicate that there is a present of cointregration. Granger causality test result shows that the variables employed have a bidirectional relationship, unidirectional relationship and no casual relationship. It is recommended that in order to boost agricultural output and develop the sector as a whole, more FDI should not only be sourced, there is a need for the government to provide legal and administrative quality framework and encourage more exportation of agricultural output that will enhance foreign exchange earnings and improve the competitiveness of Nigeria agricultural produce in the international market.

scholarly journals Arah Kebijakan Sektor Pertanian di Indonesia untuk Menghadapi Era Revolusi Industri 4.0

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-154
Author(s):  
Ismi Imania Imania Ikhsani ◽  
Feninda Eka Tasya ◽  
Iradhad Taqwa Sihidi ◽  
Ali Roziqin ◽  
Ach Apriyanto Romadhan
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Industrial Revolution ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Agricultural Technology ◽  
Agricultural Policies ◽  
Spatial Production ◽  
Utilization Of Technology ◽  
Production Practices

Agricultural policy is a government effort in regulating, controlling aspects of development in the agricultural sector with the aim of maintaining and increasing food yields. The great results of the objectives of agricultural policies will be able to be realized if they can be translated into concrete steps and can be implemented consistently in the field. Agricultural policy directions try to see the concept of policies developed and practices to realize the goals of agricultural policies in Indonesia. This study focuses on institutions, regulations and issues of inadequate budget allocation, human resources that are less qualified in the management of land and agricultural products. The purpose of this study is to describe the direction of Indonesian agricultural policy in facing the Industrial Revolution Era 4.0. This research uses qualitative research with a literature review approach. The results showed that there was no synchronization of agricultural policies at various levels of government, low budgets for agricultural development, spatial production practices at the expense of agricultural land in boosting regional income and the low utilization of technology and diversification in the use of agricultural technology showed that agricultural conditions in Indonesia were at an alarming level. Therefore, it is necessary to immediately synchronize agricultural policies at various levels of government and the allocation policies for agricultural development funds.

scholarly journals Land Consolidation for Agricultural Growth in Vietnam

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 83
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thu Huong ◽  
Pham Nguyen My Linh ◽  
Vo Thi Van Khanh ◽  
Nguyen Quang Sang ◽  
Le Hoang Anh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Land Consolidation ◽  
Agricultural Product ◽  
Production Scale ◽  
Agricultural Growth ◽  
Brand Building ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
The Government

In order to effectively restructure agriculture, comprehensive solutions are needed, in which the solution of agricultural land consolidation and concentration must be accompanied by strong reform of the conditions of agricultural production such as organizing good inputs and outputs markets, brand building and protection, strengthening agricultural product quality management, improving the competitiveness of the agricultural sector, respecting market rules, so that the markets can regulate the production scale and technology applied with the orientation and support of the Government, etc. In this way, Vietnam's agriculture can enter a new stage of development. This paper analyzes the current situation of agricultural land consolidation in Vietnam. The authors have clarified the results as well as limitations in agricultural land consolidation for Vietnam. The cause of the limitations in agricultural land consolidation for Vietnam in recent years and recommendations to promote land consolidation for agricultural development in Vietnam in the near future.

scholarly journals KAJI TINDAK AKSELERASI INOVASI TEKNOLOGI SPESIFIK LOKASI MENDUKUNG PENINGKATAN PRODUKSI DAN PRODUKTIVITAS USAHATANI

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 395
Author(s):  
Rooganda Elizabeth ◽  
Delima Hasri Azahari
Keyword(s):  
Food Security ◽  
Rural Communities ◽  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Green Revolution ◽  
Organic Fertilizers ◽  
Economic Changes ◽  
The Government

This paper aims to comprehensively address the important role of accelerating the application of location-specific technological innovations as one indicator of realizing agricultural and rural development. The implementation of agricultural development has had a real impact on socio-economic changes in rural communities. Food security and farmer and rural welfare still remain a strategic problem. Programs and policies that introduce various technologies to increase rice production and productivity have been carried out by the government. Some of them are about the Green Revolution, the Bimas Inmas program, the rice SL-PTT program, the rice intensification program (IP-400, SRI, P4 MI and others. This paper is part of various research results, one of which is PATANAS: Indicators of Agricultural and Rural Development, which is supported and enriched with various data and information related to the purpose of writing. The use of organic fertilizers is highly recommended because it is very useful for improving soil structure as a source of micro nutrients and as a medium for soil microbes development. During the past decade the use of seeds labeled by farmers has increased, including the existence of aid programs and subsidized seed prices. Labeling whether or not rice seeds are used by farmers is positively correlated with procurement source. Empirical facts show that the increasing conversion of agricultural land to non-agriculture threatens the existence of the agricultural sector in terms of national food security. Innovations implementation considering the specific location should be carried out as early as possible

scholarly journals Impact and economic value of agricultural land conversion in sub-urban of Bantul Regency

2020 ◽  
Vol 200 ◽  
pp. 03005
Author(s):  
Hestina Fandani ◽  
Rika Harini
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Land Conversion ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Land Rent ◽  
Employment Opportunities ◽  
Agricultural Income ◽  
The Impact

Increasing the number of populations in urban areas results in increasing the need for shelter and food, while the land area is limited. This has led to a conversion of agricultural land to non-agricultural land, especially in sub-urban areas that directly adjacent to urban areas. This study aimed to identify the impact of agricultural land conversion, and also to estimate the economic value of paddy land loss in sub-urban of Bantul Regency. Data were collected through structured interviews, institutional data, and literature reviews. These data were analyzed in a quantitative descriptive. Most of the paddy fields are converted for home and housing, partially used for economic activities that have higher land rent such as shops, boarding houses, and restaurants. The perceived impact is increasing air temperature, air pollution, also reduced employment opportunities and income from agricultural sector. The total economic value of the direct use obtained from the existence of agricultural land in Bantul sub-urban is IDR 96 806 832 ha–1 yr–1. It is includes the value of rice production of IDR 53 934 540 ha–1 yr–1, the value of employment opportunities is IDR 17 126 688 ha–1 yr–1 and the value of agricultural income is IDR 25 745 604 ha–1 yr–1.

scholarly journals TOURISM-BASED URBAN AGRICULTURAL INTEGRATED FOOD MARKET (CASE STUDY: SINDU MARKET, SANUR, BALI)

ASTONJADRO ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 219
Author(s):  
I Gede Indra Mahendra ◽  
I Dewa Gede Agung Diasana Putra
Keyword(s):  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Farming System ◽  
Carbon Chain ◽  
Urban Farming ◽  
Food Ingredients ◽  
Adequate Food ◽  
Tourism Sector ◽  
Food Needs

<p>The market is a place where basic needs such as food can be purchased. The high demand for food in Denpasar is dominated by the needs of the tourism sector and the community. The fulfillment of the need for food is highly dependent on the agricultural sector. The increasing need for food is inversely proportional to the aspect of supporting the fulfillment of needs because the condition of agricultural land in Denpasar City is decreasing every year, so it must depend on outside areas such as Tabanan Regency, Bangli and the largest imported from Java. The ability of a region to produce food that can guarantee sufficient food needs by utilizing the existing potential can achieve food independence. The application of agricultural systems to produce food in urban areas really needs to be developed to provide access to adequate food to meet food needs. This article aims to explore the potential of urban urban areas that are integrated with traditional markets in urban areas at Sindu Market. Located in the Sanur tourism sector area, Sindu Market has potential that can be directed to become a tourism-based market. Furthermore, this article aims to determine the condition of food self-sufficiency in Denpasar City and the areas that supply food needs for Denpasar City by implementing the Urban Farming system. The implementation of the Urban Farming system will shorten the carbon chain in terms of distributing food ingredients from outside Denpasar City. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach. Data was collected by observation and interviews. The results showed that the food needs of the city of Denpasar were still not independent of their own food needs so that an innovative idea was born in the form of implementing the Urban Farming system at the Sindu Market, which was expected to be a solution to the problem of food needs in Denpasar City.</p>

scholarly journals Structural transformation, agriculture and livestock in Vietnam (1970-2015)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
AISDL
Keyword(s):  
Rural Communities ◽  
Structural Transformation ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Inclusive Development ◽  
Smallholder Farming ◽  
Active Population

Vietnam has exhibited rapid economic growth over thirty years of comprehensive economic reforms. However, about half of the country’s active population remains in agriculture. In order to characterize the role of agriculture and livestock in Vietnam’s structural transformation, we assess ongoing dynamics at three complementary scales: national, sectoral (agriculture and livestock) and local (district of Bavi). We show that the transition since Doi Moi (Renovation) has given rise to a political economy that provides incentives to industries and services. However, labor abundance (due to population density) and limited land availability (85% of agricultural land is composed of less than 1 ha farms) have slowed the canonical structural transformation, and widened income inequality between agriculture and non-agricultural workers. In this ‘Lewis trap’ context, intensive livestock (as it is the case for aquaculture and horticulture) has played a significant role in increasing labor and land productivity, offering some perspectives to secure smallholder agricultural systems. But the emergence of those very intensive systems producing a lot of effluents has in the same time jeopardized sustainable development of rural and peri-urban areas. More recently, the political shift towards industrial corporate agriculture and large-scale farming has increased this pressure on the environment, and endangered inclusive agricultural development. Today, smallholder farming and rural communities encounter many challenges to exploit resources efficiently and gain access to input markets to achieve higher productivity and value added. To avoid the risk of poverty trap and to pursue a sustainable and inclusive development over the long run, deeper and wider reforms are needed based on smallholder viability, agroecological principles, and crop-livestock integration.

scholarly journals An Analysis Study of Paddy Cultivation in Sivagangai District – A Case Study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 20-26
Author(s):  
R Nageswari ◽  
R Maya Murugan
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Regression Model ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Farm Size ◽  
The World ◽  
Agricultural Surplus ◽  
Log Linear

Agricultural development is a precondition for the overall economic development of a country. India occupies sixth rank in the world in terms of agricultural development. India stands in the second rank in the production of rice next to china. The share of Indian agriculture is 2.4 percent in the world. Rapid growth in agriculture is essential not only to achieve self-reliance but also for the food security of the household. The agricultural sector through its product contribution, factor contribution, and market contribution might act as the leading sector for economic development. Economist Arthur Lewis thinks that agricultural surplus is used by the secondary and tertiary sectors for their expansion for maintaining food security and at the same time mobilizing a large agricultural surplus for the urban areas is much needed for agricultural development.  This paper is mostly focussed on the Log- Linear Regression model of Cob Douglas type and it is adopted to estimate the vital factor which determines the yield. A Yield is for two farm size that is small and large farmers in the regression model, yield is considered as a dependent variable and input factor of the following analyses.

scholarly journals Local Government Innovation in Agriculture Development: A Case Study of Bantaeng Regency, Indonesia

2020 ◽  
pp. 66
Author(s):  
Badu Ahmad ◽  
Andi Ahmad Yani ◽  
Rakhmat Rakhmat
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Agricultural Development ◽  
Agricultural Sector ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Animal Husbandry ◽  
Seed Technology ◽  
Government Innovation

The study    of    local    government    innovation    in arts    development aims    to comprehensively reveal and explain the forms of innovation applied by the Bantaeng Regency Government in accelerating agricultural development in the fields of horticulture, plantations and   animal   husbandry. This   study   uses   a   descriptive   qualitative   approach   with phenomenological research to describe and explain the contribution of agricultural innovation in improving farmer welfare and food security in Bantaeng Regency. To obtain valid information, informants are determined by purposive sampling.To government officials and farmer groups involved in the fields of horticulture, plantations and animal husbandry with the hope that the interviewed informants and the implementation of the FGD understand the substance of the problem. The results of the study show that there are two main reasons for local governments to innovate in the agricultural sector, including the increasing population of 187,626 people. and agricultural land is increasingly limited, covering an area of 27,074.45 hectares. There are thirteen innovations implemented in accelerating agricultural development   in   Bantaeng   Regency. these   agricultural   innovations   include:  regency producing seed technology based movement cropping systems legowo-21, agro-area development, enterprises owned by village ,  agricultural products processing, development engineering insemination cattle, utilizing waste livestock for biogas in rural areas, utilizing food waste for livestock feeding, breeding Bantaeng taro, cultivating special durian without aroma and season, cattle business insurance, rice planting insurance, guaranteed availability of fertilizers and seeds.

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