When at risk? Drinking contexts and heavy drinking in the Montreal adult population

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-471 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrée Demers
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Telephone Survey ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Situational Characteristics ◽  
Contextual Characteristics ◽  
Logistic Regressions ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Drinking Occasion ◽  
Contextual Characteristic

The purpose of this study is to identify the characteristics of contexts associated with heavier alcohol intake. Data come from a telephone survey carried out in April 1993 with a random sample of the metropolitan Montreal adult population (Quebec, Canada). Drinking contexts were investigated with regard to the situational setting (circumstances, time and location) and the relational setting (drinking partners’ relationship and sociodemographic similarity) characterizing the drinking occasion. Having five or more drinks per occasion, linked by many studies to alcohol-related problems, was deemed to be heavy drinking. The results of the logistic regressions performed reveal that for men under 25 years old, drinking with other men is the only contextual characteristic associated positively with heavy drinking, while for men age 25 and over, situational characteristics as well as relational characteristics are associated positively with heavy drinking. For women, heavy drinking is only weakly associated with contextual characteristics.

scholarly journals Alcohol and Tobacco Use in a Tuberculosis Treatment Cohort during South Africa’s COVID-19 Sales Bans: A Case Series

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (10) ◽  
pp. 5449
Author(s):  
Bronwyn Myers ◽  
Tara Carney ◽  
Jennifer Rooney ◽  
Samantha Malatesta ◽  
Laura F. White ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
Tuberculosis Treatment ◽  
Behavior Change Interventions ◽  
Patterns Of Drinking ◽  
Tobacco Ban ◽  
Drinking Occasion

Background: South Africa temporarily banned alcohol and tobacco sales for about 20 weeks during the COVID-19 lockdown. We described changes in alcohol and tobacco consumption after implementation of these restrictions among a small number of participants in a tuberculosis treatment cohort. Method: The timeline follow-back procedure and Fägerstrom test for nicotine dependence was used to collect monthly alcohol and tobacco use information. We report changes in heavy drinking days (HDD), average amount of absolute alcohol (AA) consumed per drinking day, and cigarettes smoked daily during the alcohol and tobacco ban compared to use prior to the ban. Results: Of the 61 participants for whom we have pre-ban and within-ban alcohol use information, 17 (27.9%) reported within-ban alcohol use. On average, participants reported one less HDD per fortnight (interquartile range (IQR): −4, 1), but their amount of AA consumed increased by 37.4 g per drinking occasion (IQR: −65.9 g, 71.0 g). Of 53 participants who reported pre-ban tobacco use, 17 (32.1%) stopped smoking during the ban. The number of participants smoking >10 cigarettes per day decreased from 8 to 1. Conclusions: From these observations, we hypothesize that policies restricting alcohol and tobacco availability seem to enable some individuals to reduce their consumption. However, these appear to have little effect on the volume of AA consumed among individuals with more harmful patterns of drinking in the absence of additional behavior change interventions.

Nalmefene against alcohol use disorder: A report of one case

2017 ◽  
Vol 41 (S1) ◽  
pp. s866-s866
Author(s):  
M. Juncal Ruiz ◽  
O. Porta Olivares ◽  
L. Sánchez Blanco ◽  
R. Landera Rodríguez ◽  
M. Gómez Revuelta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Use ◽  
Opioid Receptor ◽  
Treatment Option ◽  
Withdrawal Syndrome ◽  
Alcohol Use Disorder ◽  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Family Relationship ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

IntroductionAlcohol consumption represents a significant factor for mortality in the world: 6.3% in men and 1.1% in women. Alcohol use disorder is also very common: 5.4% in men and 1.5% in women. Despite its high frequency and the seriousness of this disorder, only 8% of all alcohol-dependents are ever treated. One potentially interesting treatment option is oriented toward reducing alcohol intake.AimsTo describe one case who has improved his alcohol consumption after starting treatment with nalmefene, an opioid receptor antagonist related to naltrexone.MethodsA 35-year-old male with alcohol use disorder since 2001 came to our consult in November 2015. He was in trouble with his family and he had a liver failure. We offer a new treatment option with nalmefene 18 mg to reduce alcohol consumption.ResultsBefore to start nalmefene he drank 21 drinks/week. Six-month later, he decreased alcohol intake until 5 drinks/week with better family relationship and liver function. After starting nalmefene he complained of nausea, so we recommend to take the middle of the pill for next 7 days. After this time he returned to take one pill with good tolerance and no more side effects or withdrawal syndrome.ConclusionsNalmefene appears to be effective and safe in reducing heavy drinking and in preventing alcohol withdrawal syndrome due to its opioid receptor antagonism. This case suggests nalmefene is a potential option to help patients, who do not want or cannot get the abstinence, in reducing their alcohol consumption.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

scholarly journals Nordic, Italian, and German Drinking Habits: A Comparison between Surveys Made since the 1980s

1995 ◽  
Vol 12 (1_suppl) ◽  
pp. 14-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sari Hanhinen
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Nordic Countries ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Central European ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Drinking Habits ◽  
Drinking Frequency

This article compares Nordic drinking habit surveys and their results — a comparison previously done in 1988. It includes all the main surveys regarding drinking habits of the adult population in the Nordic countries since 1988. In addition the analysis takes in Italy and Germany. Drinking habits are described and compared on four dimensions: the share of abstainers and drinkers, overall drinking frequency, the volume of alcohol consumption, and heavy drinking and drinking for intoxication. The study highlights the difficulties inherent in the international comparison of drinking habits. The results indicate that even though the changes in beverage preferences imply a homogenization of drinking patterns, the homogenization hypothesis proves to be wrong when comparing the results concerning the shares of abstainers, drinking frequencies or distribution of alcohol consumption between women and men. Denmark still differs from the rest of the Nordic countries in these respects, being closer to central European countries like Germany. In the other Nordic countries traditional drinking patterns seem to persist despite the changes in beverage preferences. Closest to Denmark and central European countries stands Finland, where drinking frequency has been rising and where more alcohol is consumed than in Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Looking at the previous comparison of Nordic drinking habits, it can be concluded that drinking habits are very open to changes.

scholarly journals Glycemic Variability and Its Association With Demographics and Lifestyles in a General Adult Population

2016 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 780-790 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gude ◽  
Pablo Díaz-Vidal ◽  
Cintia Rúa-Pérez ◽  
Manuela Alonso-Sampedro ◽  
Carmen Fernández-Merino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Reference Values ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Clinical Care ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Glycemic Variability ◽  
Specific Reference ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
General Adult Population

Objective: The objective was to investigate glycemic variability indices in relation to demographic factors and common environmental lifestyles in a general adult population. Methods: The A Estrada Glycation and Inflammation Study is a cross-sectional study covering 1516 participants selected by sampling of the population aged 18 years and over. A subsample of 622 individuals participated in the Glycation project, which included continuous glucose monitoring procedures. Five glycemic variability indices were analyzed, that is, SD, MAGE, MAG, CONGA1, and MODD. Results: Participants had a mean age of 48 years, 62% were females, and 12% had been previously diagnosed with diabetes. In the population without diabetes, index distributions were not normal but skewed to the right. Distributional regression models that adjusted for age, gender, BMI, alcohol intake, smoking status, and physical activity confirmed that all indices were positively and independently associated with fasting glucose levels and negatively with heavy drinking. SD, MAGE, and CONGA1 were positively associated with aging, and MAG was negatively associated with BMI. None of the GVI studied were influenced by physical activity. Age-group-specific reference values are given for the indices. Conclusions: This study yielded age-specific reference values for glucose variability indices in a general adult population. Significant increases were observed with aging. Heavy drinking of more than 140 g/week was associated with significant decreases in variability indices. No differences were found between males and females. These normative ranges provide a guide for clinical care, and may offer an alternative treatment target among persons with diabetes.

Substance Use in Specific Settings

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Genevieve Ames ◽  
Roland S. Moore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
The United States ◽  
Work Culture ◽  
National Surveys ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
The Military ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems

National surveys in the United States and elsewhere reveal a wide range in rates of heavy drinking across occupations, with the highest in construction and lowest in educational industries. Young adults in the military have higher heavy drinking rates than their civilian counterparts, with the highest among Army and Marine personnel. Civilian and military heavy and binge drinking and drinking on the job have been linked to specific kinds of work-related problems of high consequences to employer, employees, and the military. In 1998, the estimated employment-related costs of alcohol abuse in the United States were $135 billion; the projected costs 15 years hence are much higher. Guided by theoretical advances, links between specific environmental factors and undesirable drinking behavior have been identified and explained in the context of work culture. Results of these research endeavors have provided guidelines for research and intervention focused on prevention of alcohol-related problems in the civilian and military workplace.

scholarly journals Prevalence and clinical associations of wheezes and crackles in the general population: the Tromsø study

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
J. C. Aviles-Solis ◽  
C. Jácome ◽  
A. Davidsen ◽  
R. Einarsen ◽  
S. Vanbelle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Function ◽  
General Population ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Lung Sounds ◽  
Current Smoking ◽  
General Adult Population ◽  
Multivariable Analyses ◽  
Logistic Regressions

Abstract Background Wheezes and crackles are well-known signs of lung diseases, but can also be heard in apparently healthy adults. However, their prevalence in a general population has been sparsely described. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of wheezes and crackles in a large general adult population and explore associations with self-reported disease, smoking status and lung function. Methods We recorded lung sounds in 4033 individuals 40 years or older and collected information on self-reported disease. Pulse oximetry and spirometry were carried out. We estimated age-standardized prevalence of wheezes and crackles and associations between wheezes and crackles and variables of interest were analyzed with univariable and multivariable logistic regressions. Results Twenty-eight percent of individuals had wheezes or crackles. The age-standardized prevalence of wheezes was 18.6% in women and 15.3% in men, and of crackles, 10.8 and 9.4%, respectively. Wheezes were mostly found during expiration and crackles during inspiration. Significant predictors of expiratory wheezes in multivariable analyses were age (10 years increase - OR 1.18, 95%CI 1.09–1.30), female gender (1.45, 1.2–1.8), self-reported asthma (1.36, 1.00–1.83), and current smoking (1.70, 1.28–2.23). The most important predictors of inspiratory crackles were age (1.76, 1.57–1.99), current smoking, (1.94, 1.40–2.69), mMRC ≥2 (1.79, 1.18–2.65), SpO2 (0.88, 0.81–0.96), and FEV1 Z-score (0.86, 0.77–0.95). Conclusions Nearly over a quarter of adults present adventitious lung sounds on auscultation. Age was the most important predictor of adventitious sounds, particularly crackles. The adventitious sounds were also associated with self-reported disease, current smoking and measures of lung function. The presence of findings in two or more auscultation sites was associated with a higher risk of decreased lung function than solitary findings.

Effects of drinking patterns and social conditions on incidence and chronicity of alcohol-related problems

1997 ◽  
Vol 24 (3) ◽  
pp. 473-511
Author(s):  
Klaasjan Hajema ◽  
Ronald A. Knibbe ◽  
Maria J. Drop
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Population ◽  
Drinking Behavior ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Social Conditions ◽  
Central Issue ◽  
Drinking Patterns ◽  
Drinking Problems ◽  
Alcohol Related Problems ◽  
Selection Of

The central issue of this article is the extent to which, besides consumption and heavy drinking, drinking contexts and specific social conditions can explain the chronicity and incidence of alcohol-related problems. This study is the first longitudinal study of the Dutch general population on drinking behavior and alcohol-related problems (N = 1,327). The analysis of chronicity of drinking problems is concentrated on the selection of respondents with alcohol-related problems at first measurement; the analysis of incidence is concentrated on those who did not report alcohol-related problems at first measurement. In general, it can be concluded that besides level of consumption and heavy drinking, drinking contexts and social conditions add to the explanation of incidence and chronicity of alcohol-related problems.

scholarly journals Sensitivity to Experiencing Alcohol Hangovers: Reconsideration of the 0.11% Blood Alcohol Concentration (BAC) Threshold for Having a Hangover

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 179 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joris C. Verster ◽  
L. Darren Kruisselbrink ◽  
Karin A. Slot ◽  
Aikaterini Anogeianaki ◽  
Sally Adams ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intake ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Threshold Value ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Absolute Amount ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Higher Alcohol ◽  
Lower Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Drinking Occasion

The 2010 Alcohol Hangover Research Group consensus paper defined a cutoff blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of 0.11% as a toxicological threshold indicating that sufficient alcohol had been consumed to develop a hangover. The cutoff was based on previous research and applied mostly in studies comprising student samples. Previously, we showed that sensitivity to hangovers depends on (estimated) BAC during acute intoxication, with a greater percentage of drinkers reporting hangovers at higher BAC levels. However, a substantial number of participants also reported hangovers at comparatively lower BAC levels. This calls the suitability of the 0.11% threshold into question. Recent research has shown that subjective intoxication, i.e., the level of severity of reported drunkenness, and not BAC, is the most important determinant of hangover severity. Non-student samples often have a much lower alcohol intake compared to student samples, and overall BACs often remain below 0.11%. Despite these lower BACs, many non-student participants report having a hangover, especially when their subjective intoxication levels are high. This may be the case when alcohol consumption on the drinking occasion that results in a hangover significantly exceeds their “normal” drinking level, irrespective of whether they meet the 0.11% threshold in any of these conditions. Whereas consumers may have relative tolerance to the adverse effects at their “regular” drinking level, considerably higher alcohol intake—irrespective of the absolute amount—may consequentially result in a next-day hangover. Taken together, these findings suggest that the 0.11% threshold value as a criterion for having a hangover should be abandoned.

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