Disability Type and Risk of Sexual and Stalking Victimization in a National Sample: A Lifestyle–Routine Activity Approach

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford W. Reyns ◽  
Heidi Scherer
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Physical Disabilities ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Interpersonal Victimization ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Stalking Victimization

Research findings from national samples indicate that people with disabilities have a higher risk of sexual and stalking victimization than their counterparts without disabilities. While this body of research indicates that disability is a risk factor for interpersonal victimization independent of known risk factors derived from the lifestyle–routine activity perspective, it has not yet been established whether the risk factors of victimization vary across disability type. Using survey data from approximately 40,000 college students from across the United States, this study addresses this issue by examining lifestyle–routine activity risk factors for victimization among subsamples of individuals with no disability, physical disabilities, mental disabilities, and learning disabilities. Results from multivariate binary logistic regression analyses indicate that risk factors for victimization vary across groups, with the greatest number of significant risk factors observed for students with no disabilities.

Stalking Victimization Among College Students: The Role of Disability Within a Lifestyle-Routine Activity Framework

2017 ◽  
Vol 64 (5) ◽  
pp. 650-673 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bradford W. Reyns ◽  
Heidi Scherer
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Significant Risk Factor ◽  
The United States ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Alcohol And Drug Use ◽  
Increase Risk ◽  
Stalking Victimization

This study utilized the routine activity perspective and incorporated measures of disability to examine the underexplored relationship between disability status and stalking victimization. Survey data from approximately 43,000 college students from across the United States were examined to explore these relationships. Results indicated that disability was a significant risk factor for victimization. Consistent with theoretical expectations, several measures of lifestyles and routine activities also were found to increase risk of stalking victimization, including volunteering, employment, and risk-taking behaviors such as alcohol and drug use. Collectively, the results suggest that measures of disability should be incorporated into future research testing the routine activities perspective for interpersonal victimization.

Stalking on Campus: A Gendered Perspective on Target Congruence and Opportunity

2018 ◽  
Vol 45 (8) ◽  
pp. 1308-1327 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kathryn Elvey ◽  
Bradford W. Reyns ◽  
Susan McNeeley
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
College Students ◽  
The United States ◽  
Routine Activities ◽  
Routine Activities Theory ◽  
Routine Activity ◽  
Prevention Measures ◽  
Specific Risk ◽  
Stalking Victimization

This study examines target congruence and lifestyle-routine activity behaviors as explanations of stalking victimization among college students, while also considering gender as a moderator in these relationships. Analysis of a nationwide sample of more than 75,000 students from 129 universities across the United States suggests that indicators of target antagonism, target gratifiability, and target vulnerability significantly predict stalking victimization. Indicators of lifestyle-routine activities—in particular, proximity to motivated offenders, exposure to motivated offenders, and target attractiveness—are also significantly related to stalking victimization. In addition, the importance of specific risk factors vary by gender. The results highlight the importance of target congruence as an expansion of lifestyle-routine activities theory, which can help to direct policies and prevention measures in a meaningful and systematic way.

scholarly journals THU0442 GOUT AND HEART FAILURE IN THE US: A NATIONAL PERSPECTIVE

2020 ◽  
Vol 79 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 458.2-458
Author(s):  
G. Singh ◽  
M. Sehgal ◽  
A. Mithal
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Heart Failure ◽  
Confidence Intervals ◽  
Burden Of Illness ◽  
Average Length ◽  
Private Insurance ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
The United States ◽  
The Us

Background:Heart failure (HF) is the eighth leading cause of death in the US, with a 38% increase in the number of deaths due to HF from 2011 to 2017 (1). Gout and hyperuricemia have previously been recognized as significant risk factors for heart failure (2), but there is little nationwide data on the clinical and economic consequences of these comorbidities.Objectives:To study heart failure hospitalizations in patients with gout in the United States (US) and estimate their clinical and economic impact.Methods:The Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) is a stratified random sample of all US community hospitals. It is the only US national hospital database with information on all patients, regardless of payer, including persons covered by Medicare, Medicaid, private insurance, and the uninsured. We examined all inpatient hospitalizations in the NIS in 2017, the most recent year of available data, with a primary or secondary diagnosis of gout and heart failure. Over 69,800 ICD 10 diagnoses were collapsed into a smaller number of clinically meaningful categories, consistent with the CDC Clinical Classification Software.Results:There were 35.8 million all-cause hospitalizations in patients in the US in 2017. Of these, 351,735 hospitalizations occurred for acute and/or chronic heart failure in patients with gout. These patients had a mean age of 73.3 years (95% confidence intervals 73.1 – 73.5 years) and were more likely to be male (63.4%). The average length of hospitalization was 6.1 days (95% confidence intervals 6.0 to 6.2 days) with a case fatality rate of 3.5% (95% confidence intervals 3.4% – 3.7%). The average cost of each hospitalization was $63,992 (95% confidence intervals $61,908 - $66,075), with a total annual national cost estimate of $22.8 billion (95% confidence intervals $21.7 billion - $24.0 billion).Conclusion:While gout and hyperuricemia have long been recognized as potential risk factors for heart failure, the aging of the US population is projected to significantly increase the burden of illness and costs of care of these comorbidities (1). This calls for an increased awareness and management of serious co-morbid conditions in patients with gout.References:[1]Sidney, S., Go, A. S., Jaffe, M. G., Solomon, M. D., Ambrosy, A. P., & Rana, J. S. (2019). Association Between Aging of the US Population and Heart Disease Mortality From 2011 to 2017. JAMA Cardiology. doi:10.1001/jamacardio.2019.4187[2]Krishnan E. Gout and the risk for incident heart failure and systolic dysfunction. BMJ Open 2012;2:e000282.doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000282Disclosure of Interests: :Gurkirpal Singh Grant/research support from: Horizon Therapeutics, Maanek Sehgal: None declared, Alka Mithal: None declared

scholarly journals Smoked Tobacco, Air Pollution, and Tuberculosis in Lao PDR: Findings from a National Sample

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3059 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anne Berit Petersen ◽  
Natassia Muffley ◽  
Khamphithoun Somsamouth ◽  
Pramil N. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Environmental Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Respiratory Health ◽  
Lao Pdr ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Treatment Programs

In 2017, more than half of the global burden of incident tuberculosis (TB) came from the Western Pacific region. In Lao People’s Democratic Republic (PDR), the high rates of tobacco use and use of polluting biomass fuels for cooking (e.g., wood, charcoal, crop waste, dung) represent significant risk factors for TB. The purpose of this study was to determine the association between self-reported (1) smoking and TB; and (2) exposure to air pollution (from both cooking fires and environmental tobacco smoke) and TB among adults in Lao PDR. We analyzed data from the 2012 National Adult Tobacco Survey (NATSL) of Lao PDR—a multi-stage stratified cluster sample of 9706 subjects from 2822 households located in all 17 provinces. Utilizing a nationally representative sample and inferential, multivariable methods, we observed a significant increase in odds of self-reported TB among those who smoked tobacco (OR = 1.73, 95% CI = (1.00 to 2.98)). Larger multivariable models identified independent contributions from exposure to tobacco pipes (OR = 21.51, 95% CI = (6.34 to 72.89)) and communal outdoor fires (OR = 2.27, 95% CI = (1.15 to 4.49)). An index measuring combined exposure to smoked tobacco, environmental tobacco smoke in enclosed workspace, indoor cooking fire, trash fires, and other outdoor communal fires also showed a positive association (OR per added exposure = 1.47, 95% CI = (1.14 to 1.89)). The findings of this study underscore the need for multi-sectoral collaboration between tobacco control, environmental health, TB prevention and treatment programs, national authorities, policy makers, civil groups, and the private sector to address the convergence of potential risk factors impacting respiratory health in Lao PDR.

Risk factors for post-polypectomy bleeding; a retrospective case-control study of a high-volume colonoscopy center

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitrios Eleftheriadis ◽  
Christina Imalis ◽  
Guido Gerken ◽  
Heiner Wedemeyer ◽  
Jan Duerig
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Ileocecal Valve ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Binary Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Care Hospital ◽  
Retrospective Case ◽  
Polyp Size ◽  
Epinephrine Injection

Abstract Background and aim Post-polypectomy bleeding (PPB) remains an uncommon although serious complication of colonoscopy. The aim of this study is to determine the PPB-prevalence in a secondary care hospital and its associated risk factors. Patients and methods We collected data from 581 patients, with the removal of 1593 polyps between August 2017 and August 2019. A univariate binary logistic regression analysis was conducted retrospectively. Results PPB occurred in only 10 cases, representing 1.7% of patients: immediate in 1.2% and delayed in 0.5%. The number of removed polyps per patient [4.5 (SD 2.59) for hemorrhagic vs. 2.74 (SD 1.98) for non-hemorrhagic group] and the propofol dose [232 mg (SD 93.07) for hemorrhagic vs. 133 mg (SD 57.28) for non-hemorrhagic group] were relevant patient-related risk factors. The polyp-based analysis showed the polyp size [18.4 mm (SD 10.44) for hemorrhagic vs. 4.42 mm (SD 4.29) for non-hemorrhagic group], the morphology [wide-based: OR 24.83 (95 % CI 2.76 – 223.44), pedunculated: OR 56.67 (95 % CI 5.03 – 638.29)], the location at ileocecal valve [OR 20.48, 95 % CI 1.81 – 231.97)], and the polypectomy method [hot snare piecemeal with epinephrine injection: OR 75.38 (95 % CI 7.67 – 741.21)] as significant risk factors for PPB, too. Conclusions The low rate of PPB confirms the safety of the procedure in non-tertiary, high-volume colonoscopy centers. The number of polyps removed per patient, the polyp size, morphology and location, as well as the sedation dose and the method of polypectomy were shown as relevant risk factors.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Nonunion in Arthroscopic and Open Ankle Arthrodesis

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 2473011420S0018
Author(s):  
William T. Davis ◽  
Bradley Alexander ◽  
Benjamin B. Cage ◽  
Elise M. Greco ◽  
Charles R. Sutherland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
External Fixation ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Ankle Arthrodesis ◽  
Open Group ◽  
Ankle Arthritis ◽  
Patient Factors ◽  
Tourniquet Time ◽  
Radiographic Union

Category: Ankle; Ankle Arthritis; Arthroscopy Introduction/Purpose: Ankle arthrodesis remains the most popular surgical treatment option for end-stage ankle arthritis (ESAA) among surgeons in the United States. The primary objective endpoint for judging failure versus success of any arthrodesis is radiographic union versus nonunion. Overall, reported union rates in the last two decades have been excellent; however, there does remain significant variation in results with conflicting evidence regarding both treatment and patient factors that are associated with nonunion. We present a relatively large case series of ankle arthrodeses from a single institution with a high-risk patient population with the goal of further clarifying the patient and treatment factors that lead to nonunion. Methods: We conducted a retrospective chart review of 118 patients who underwent primary open or arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis at our institution between November 2014 and April 2019. Revision arthrodesis and patients with a history of complex open fracture were excluded. A minimum 6-month postoperative followup was required. The patients were divided into arthroscopic and open arthrodesis cohorts. The primary outcome measure was radiographic union at 6 months. Patient factors including demographics, BMI, medical comorbidities, and smoking status were analyzed as predictors of nonunion. Likewise, treatment factors such as surgical approach, method of fixation, and tourniquet time were analyzed as predictors of nonunion. Results: Of the 43 individuals that underwent arthroscopic ankle arthrodesis seven progressed to nonunion (16.27%). Among those undergoing open ankle arthrodesis 6 patients out of 46 progressed to nonunion (13.04%). In the arthroscopic cohort, individuals with preoperative lower extremity infection had a significantly higher rate of nonunion compared to those without infection (50.00%, p=0.0447). The open group had two significant predictors of nonunion: use of external fixation and low tourniquet time. Individuals who underwent arthrodesis with the use of an external fixator had a 100% nonunion rate compared to 11.11% for those treated with screws and 0% for those treated with plate fixation (p=0.020). Individuals that had a total tourniquet time under 90 minutes had a non-union rate of 66.67% (p=0.0082). Conclusion: While it was unsurprising that preoperative infection was a significant risk factor for nonunion, it is interesting that this effect was only shown in the arthroscopic group and not the open group. This could have practice implications and warrants further study. Our findings also add to the body of evidence that external fixation is inferior to modern internal fixation techniques for achieving bony fusion. This result may also reflect the poor preoperative prognosis of those requiring external fixation. There remains little evidence that diabetes, smoking, or BMI are significant risk factors for nonunion in primary ankle arthrodesis. [Table: see text]

Prevalence and risk factors for Giardia spp. infection in a large national sample of pet dogs visiting veterinary hospitals in the United States (2003–2009)

2013 ◽  
Vol 195 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ahmed S. Mohamed ◽  
Larry T. Glickman ◽  
Joseph W. Camp ◽  
Elizabeth Lund ◽  
George E. Moore
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Pet Dogs

scholarly journals Postoperative Venous Thromboembolism in Children Is Increased in Setting of Cancer or Infection

Blood ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 128 (22) ◽  
pp. 2391-2391
Author(s):  
Harold J. Leraas ◽  
Jina Kim ◽  
Zhifei Sun ◽  
Uttara P. Nag ◽  
Brian D. Ezekian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Multivariate Analysis ◽  
Venous Thromboembolism ◽  
Pediatric Patients ◽  
Conflicts Of Interest ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Improvement Program ◽  
Thrombotic Risk ◽  
Factors Associated

Abstract Background: Venous thromboembolism (VTE) is an uncommon but clinically significant postoperative complication in children. Incidence of VTE in pediatric patients ranges from 34-58 per 10,000 hospitalized children1. Due to rarity of these events, there is limited information about the factors predisposing children to VTE after surgery. We queried a national surgical database to identify risks and outcomes associated with VTE in pediatric surgical patients. Methods: The National Surgical Quality Improvement Program-Pediatric (NSQIP) is a prospectively collected database that records pediatric surgical information, surgical approaches, and 30 day patient outcomes. The database was queried for the years 2012-2013 to identify pediatric patients (age < 18) who had received surgical intervention and were diagnosed with postoperative VTE. Because of their separate coding in NSQIP, we defined VTE as including venous thromboembolism, or pulmonary embolism (PE) diagnosed radiographically within 30 days of operation. To reduce non-random differences between patients we used propensity scores based on age, sex, race, BMI, and ASA classification to match patients in a 1:2 ratio using the nearest neighbor method. Using univariate and multivariate analysis, we identified preoperative risk factors associated with VTE. Results: In total, 130 patients were identified who developed VTE postoperatively (VTE n=122, PE n=7, BOTH PE + VTE n= 1) from this database of 114,395 patients. There were 104 patients with VTE that also had complete entries and were subsequently analyzed in this study. Surgical specialties treating patients in this analysis included cardiothoracic surgery, general surgery, neurosurgery, orthopedic surgery, otolaryngology, plastic surgery, and urology. Eighty-one unique operative CPT codes were identified for patients with VTE. Patients who developed VTE had increased operative time, anesthesia time, and total length of stay (all p < 0.001). Multivariate analysis demonstrated that pneumonia (odds ratio [OR] 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.3 - 2.29), Central Line Associated Bloodstream Infection (CLABSI) (OR 1.69, 95% CI 1.18 - 2.42), sepsis (OR 1.47, 95% CI 1.18 - 1.82), septic shock (OR 1.36, 95% CI 1.06 - 1.75), and current solid or hematologic malignancy or active treatment of malignancy (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.08 - 1.58) were all statistically significant risk factors associated with development of VTE (all p < 0.05). Conclusions: Postoperative VTE risk is significantly increased in children with malignancy or severe infections. Further research is needed to understand the mechanism between malignancy, systemic inflammation, and VTE risk in children. These findings may help to identify patients in need of prophylactic treatment in order to reduce postoperative thrombotic risk in pediatric patients. References: 1. Raffini L, Huang YS, Witmer C, Feudtner C. Dramatic increase in venous thromboembolism in children's hospitals in the United States from 2001 to 2007. Pediatrics. 2009;124(4):1001-1008. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

scholarly journals Occupational Injuries among Latino/a Immigrant Cattle Feedyard Workers in the Central States Region of the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (16) ◽  
pp. 8821
Author(s):  
Athena K. Ramos ◽  
Suraj Adhikari ◽  
Aaron M. Yoder ◽  
Risto H. Rautiainen
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Occupational Injuries ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Safety Training ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Past ◽  
Risk Of Injury ◽  
Latino Immigrant

Agriculture is a dangerous industry with high rates of occupational injuries. Immigrants comprise the majority of the hired agricultural workforce in the United States, and these workers may be at a higher risk for job-related injuries. This study addressed the frequency, characteristics, and risk factors of occupational injuries among Latino immigrant cattle feedyard workers. Data were collected through structured interviews with Latino immigrant cattle feedyard workers in Kansas and Nebraska (n = 243; 90.9% male). Descriptive statistics and logistic regression were used to identify risk factors for injury. Nearly three-fourths of participants (71.2%) reported having experienced one or more injuries in the past while working on a cattle feedyard. The most frequent types of reported injuries, including those not requiring medical care, were bruises/contusions (40%), cuts/lacerations (21%), and sprains/strains (12%). These injuries were mainly caused by animals/livestock (33%), chemicals (23%), falls (12%), and tools (9%). Significant risk factors for injury included male gender (OR 5.9), being over age 35 (OR 2.6), working on a large or an extra-large feedyard (OR 5.4), having 11 or more employees on the feedyard (OR 3.6), and working more than eight hours a day (OR 4.7). Having received safety training was also associated with greater risk of injury in a univariable model (OR 2.6). Cattle feedyard workers are at high risk for injury and require more effective preventive measures.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Children with Down Syndrome: Data from the Trisomy 21 Research Society Survey

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (21) ◽  
pp. 5125
Author(s):  
David Emes ◽  
Anke Hüls ◽  
Nicole Baumer ◽  
Mara Dierssen ◽  
Shiela Puri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Down Syndrome ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
The United States ◽  
Research Society ◽  
Medical Complications ◽  
Thyroid Disorder ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Using Data ◽  
And Control

Adults with Down Syndrome (DS) are at higher risk for severe outcomes of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) than the general population, but evidence is required to understand the risks for children with DS, which is necessary to inform COVID-19 shielding advice and vaccination priorities. We aimed to determine the epidemiological and clinical characteristics of COVID-19 in children with DS. Using data from an international survey obtained from a range of countries and control data from the United States, we compared the prevalence of symptoms and medical complications and risk factors for severe outcomes between DS and non-DS paediatric populations with COVID-19. Hospitalised COVID-19 patients <18 years with DS had a higher incidence of respiratory symptoms, fever, and several medical complications from COVID-19 than control patients without DS <18 years. Older age, obesity, and epilepsy were significant risk factors for hospitalisation among paediatric COVID-19 patients with DS, and age and thyroid disorder were significant risk factors for acute respiratory distress syndrome. Mortality rates were low in all paediatric COVID-19 patients (with and without DS), contrasting with previous findings in adults with DS (who exhibit higher mortality than those without DS). Children with DS are at increased risk for more severe presentations of COVID-19. Efforts should be made to ensure the comprehensive and early detection of COVID-19 in this population and to identify children with DS who present comorbidities that pose a risk for a severe course of COVID-19. Our results emphasize the importance of vaccinating children with DS as soon as they become eligible.

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