Social Classes and Capital Accumulation in Recent Argentina: The 2008 Agrarian Conflict

2021 ◽  
pp. 0094582X2098869
Author(s):  
Nicolás Pérez Trento
Keyword(s):  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Rural Organizations ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Export Taxes ◽  
Argentine History ◽  
Political Actions

In March 2008, the passage of a law to amend grain export taxes in Argentina led to a clash between rural organizations and the national administration. Given its characteristics and political consequences, this clash was one of the most significant events of the Kirchnerist administrations and one of the most outstanding agrarian conflicts in Argentine history. An analysis of it in the context of Argentina’s specific pattern of capital accumulation, in which land appropriation by the industrial sector is significant in explaining valorization capacity, shows how economic determinations affected the political actions of the pertinent social subjects and how the conflict was resolved in favor of the rural bloc. En marzo de 2008, la aprobación de una ley para modificar los impuestos a la exportación de granos en Argentina condujo a un enfrentamiento entre las organizaciones rurales y la administración nacional. Dadas sus características y consecuencias políticas, este choque fue uno de los más significativos durante las administraciones kirchneristas y uno de los conflictos agrarios más destacados de la historia argentina. Un análisis del mismo en el contexto del patrón específico de acumulación de capital en la Argentina, en el que la apropiación de la renta de la tierra por parte del sector industrial ayuda a explicar la capacidad de valorización, da cuenta de cómo los factores económicos afectaron las acciones políticas de sujetos sociales pertinentes y cómo fue que se resolvió el conflicto a favor del bloque rural.

scholarly journals Valerii Rektut. Essaуs on the Life of Haisуnschуna. Ukrainian Revolution (1917-1921) : Events. Personalities. Thoughts. Book 2. The Struggle for the Statehood of Ukraine During the Hetmanate and the Formation of the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic. Vinnytsia: LLC "Mercury Podillya" . 843 p.

2020 ◽  
pp. 110-113
Author(s):  
Yurуi Zinko ◽  
◽  
Vitaliу Tuchinskуi ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Land Reform ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Significant Events ◽  
Political Interests ◽  
Turbulent Times ◽  
Cultural Processes ◽  
Positive Assessment ◽  
First Time

The article makes an attempt to protract the monograph of Valerii Rektut that explores the political, social and economic processes that took place in the Haisyn region in the Podolia governorate during the Hetmanate and the formation of the Directory of the Ukrainian People's Republic (April 1918- 1920). The research is based on the diverse sources, which include archive documents, presented for the first time and Ukrainian periodicals of the time. The first section of the work examines the events that took place in the Haisyn region during the Hetmanate, including the formation of local authorities, land reform, and economic difficulties. The second part is devoted to the political and social situation in the Haisyn region during the formation of the Directory of the Ukrainan People's Republic. The author focuses on describing the national-cultural processes that were being activated at the time. For instance, on the activities of Jewish, Polish and Russian political powers pursuing their political interests. The work also analyzes the Jewish pogroms of 1919-1920, their causes and consequences. A significant place is occupied by the "Haisyn Labor Republic", which existed from May to September 1919. The characteristics of the Zyatkivtsi agreement of November 6, 1919 and its political consequences are also of particular interest. The monograph deserves a highly positive assessment, as the author analyzes the most significant events of the most turbulent times in Ukrainian history.

scholarly journals Strategies of Socio-Economic Development of the Regions of Southern Russia: Ecological Factor, Hydrocarbon Footprint and Quality of Life

2020 ◽  
pp. 62-74
Author(s):  
Inna Mitrofanova ◽  
Tatiana Ivanova ◽  
Svetlana Pyankova
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Economic Development ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Socioeconomic Development ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Green Economy ◽  
The South ◽  
Green Technologies ◽  
Socio Economic Development

One of the main characteristics provided in the framework of strategic planning of the socioeconomic development of regions is the quality of life. The growth of profits and the increase in consumption increases the burden on the environment. The purpose of this article is to analyze the ecological, hydrocarbon potential, the quality of life of the population in the subjects of the South of Russia, to assess the prospects of their changes in the strategies of socio-economic development. The authors use statistical, tabular, qualitative factor analysis, ranking. The materials of the article are a database of regions of the South of Russia in terms of the environmental, hydrocarbon footprint, quality of life, generalizing economic indicators. The paper accumulates information on Krasnodar krai, Rostov, Astrakhan, Volgograd regions, the Republics of Adygea and Kalmykia. The ecological and hydrocarbon footprint varies by region in different ways. The authors have made a rating of the best regions. The factors of the obtained changes are determined. It is found that the quality of life is determined by the volume of GRP, GRP per capita, gross fixed capital accumulation, the actual final consumption of households. Qualitative analysis shows how these factors affect the ecological and hydrocarbon footprint. It is necessary to break the link between the growth of production and the deterioration of the environmental situation. This is possible due to the development of “green” technologies. The analysis of strategies of the social and economic development of the regions of the South of Russia shows that at large volumes of GRP and the developed industrial sector, subjects of the Russian Federation form “green economy” in different branches, at low level of development – only in the sphere of renewable energy. The authors conclude that the developed strategies of socio-economic development of territories do not fully contribute to overcoming ecological and economic contradictions. The authors have formulated proposals to reduce them.

scholarly journals Environmental Degradation: Monetary Transmission Mechanism and CO2 Emission

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Buket Taştan ◽  
Kenan Terzioğlu
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Environmental Degradation ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Structural Breaks ◽  
Structural Break ◽  
Asset Price ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Monetary Transmission ◽  
Real Economy ◽  
Transmission Channels

As a result of recent changes in traditional risk perception accompanying industrialization and technology, global economic risks are increasingly based on the climate. While risks are considered using a two-dimensional approach in traditional risk perception, risk structures occur in a chain under globalization. In the concept of sustainability, environmental degradation and economic growth establish the link between environmental degradation and other macroeconomic variables. Monetary transmission channels—including the interest, exchange rate, asset price, credit, and expectation channels—impact the real economy and productivity by enabling capital accumulation, the orientation of small funds, and technological diffusion. In this context, the evaluation of the efficiency of monetary transmission channels and environmental degradation policy recommendations need to be addressed, especially, within the industrial sector. Although the cointegration approach is based on the fact that linear combinations of non-stationary series are stationary, cointegration analyses in which structural breaks are defined as dummy variables should be performed since the linear combination may change at a certain point in the sample. This study aims to reveal the effect of industrial production index and energy consumption on greenhouse gas emissions using a structural break approach with cointegration methods. Policy suggestions within the scope of sustainability are evaluated considering the long-term structural results among the variables.

scholarly journals Neoliberalism and democracy

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 17-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rodriguez Boetsch
Keyword(s):  
Latin America ◽  
Latin American ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Social Groups ◽  
Social Classes ◽  
Social Structures ◽  
Economic Power ◽  
Political Forces ◽  
Aggregate Growth ◽  
Neoliberal Policies

Conclusion: After nearly two decades of largely uninterrupted implementation, neoliberal policies have provided but modest aggregate growth, while income and wealth disparities have increased dramatically, separating the super rich from other social classes. This is most clearly evident in Latin America, where governments, sheltered by a wall of neoliberal doctrine and international compromises, have made themselves highly resistant to popular pressures for income redistribution and changes in the existing social structures. In effect, neoliberalism - coupled with its strange brand of ballot box democracy- has managed to strangle the full array of political forces antagonistic to and resisting its project. Economic power has tended to concentrate in the hands of those social groups that share objectives of accelerated capital accumulation; benefiting themselves, their families, and their elite classes. Evidence of the undemocratic methods utilized by Latin American rulers of neoliberal democracies abound: the excessive use of presidential decrees in Menem's Argentina, the exclusion of popular leaders from consultative bodies Salinas de Gortari's Mexico, or the application of strong arm tactics in Fujimori's Peru, could start a long list.

3 Theoretical Analysis of Economic Growth

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng Thomas K
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Growth Model ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Growth Models ◽  
Product Variety ◽  
Nobel Laureate ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Domestic Savings ◽  
Ak Model

This chapter presents a theoretical analysis of economic growth. The first growth model in modern economics is arguably the Harrod–Domar growth model, named after Roy Harrod and Evsey Domar. Under this model, the major obstacle to economic growth is a lack of investment, which in turn is caused by a lack of capital. Therefore, the solution to poor growth is to somehow plug the savings gap by increasing domestic savings or foreign aid. Two other growth models that emphasize the importance of investment and capital accumulation were proposed by Nobel Laureate Arthur Lewis and Walt Rostow. The main thesis behind Lewis’s model is the idea of unlimited surplus of rural labor. Growth is therefore predicated on the increase in size of the industrial sector in the economy. Meanwhile, Rostow posits a five-stage evolutionary growth model. He argues that the key to moving from one stage to the next is the extension of the existing structure of production, which again requires investment in the capital stock. The chapter also looks at the Solow–Swan model, which is often regarded as the first modern growth model, as well as the endogenous growth models such as the AK model; the Lucas Human Capital model; the Romer Knowledge Spillover and Product Variety models; and the Schumpeterian growth models.

The Limits of Sociological Marxism?

2013 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 129-158 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam David Morton
Keyword(s):  
Civil Society ◽  
Capital Accumulation ◽  
Spatial Relations ◽  
State Theory ◽  
The State ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Direct Reading ◽  
Political Consequences ◽  
Historical Materialist ◽  
Passive Revolution

Abstract Within the agenda of historical-materialist theory and practice Sociological Marxism has delivered a compelling perspective on how to explore and link the analysis of civil society, the state, and the economy within an explicit focus on class exploitation, emancipation, and rich ethnography. This article situates a major analysis of state formation, the rise of the Justice and Development Party (AKP), and the growth of a broader Islamist movement in Turkey within the main current of Sociological Marxism. It does so in order to critically examine the rather bold revision of the theory of hegemony at the heart of Cihan Tuğal’s Passive Revolution: Absorbing the Islamic Challenge to Capitalism, which posits the separate interaction of political society, civil society and the state in theorising hegemonic politics in Turkey. My contention is that the revision of hegemony that this analysis offers and its state-theoretical commitments are deeply problematic due to the reliance on what I term ‘ontological exteriority’, meaning the treatment of state, civil society and the economy as always-already separate spheres. The focus of the critique then moves toward highlighting a frustrating lack of direct engagement with Antonio Gramsci’s writings in this disquisition on hegemony and passive revolution, which has important political consequences. While praise for certain aspects of ethnographic and spatial analysis is raised, it is argued that any account of the reordering of hegemony and the restructuring of spatial-temporal contexts of capital accumulation through conditions of passive revolution also needs to draw from a more sophisticated state theory, a direct reading of Gramsci, and broader scalar analysis of spatial relations and uneven development under capitalism.

Assessing General Ecological Behavior

2000 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Florian G. Kaiser ◽  
Anders Biel
Keyword(s):  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Questionnaire Data ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Behavior Difficulties ◽  
Differential Behavior ◽  
Ecological Behavior ◽  
Political Actions ◽  
Measurement Approach

Summary: The General Ecological Behavior (GEB) scale was developed for cross-cultural applications ( Kaiser & Wilson, in press ). The present study compares ecological behavior in Sweden and Switzerland. Questionnaire data from 247 Swedish and 445 Swiss participants are presented. Reliability and internal consistency analyses revealed that the GEB scale was applicable to both the Swedish and Swiss samples. In general, Swiss behave more ecologically than Swedes. Nevertheless, several ecological behaviors turned out to be easier to conduct in Sweden than in Switzerland and vice versa. The GEB scale takes differential behavior difficulties into account that are most likely caused by situational influences. At the same time, the proposed behavior measurement approach guides the search for potentially useful political actions that make it easier for people to behave ecologically in some societies and, thus, can be adopted by others.

Diagnostic Concordance Between Categorical and Dimensional Instruments to Assess Personality Disorder in Chronic Fatigue Syndrome

2017 ◽  
Vol 33 (3) ◽  
pp. 158-165
Author(s):  
Natalia Calvo ◽  
Naia Sáez-Francàs ◽  
Sergi Valero ◽  
Jesús Castro-Marrero ◽  
José Alegre Martín ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Personality Disorder ◽  
Chronic Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Personality Assessment ◽  
Chronic Fatigue ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Harm Avoidance ◽  
Assessment Instrument ◽  
Compulsive Disorder ◽  
Fatigue Syndrome ◽  
Self Transcendence

Abstract. The study examines the relationship between a categorical and a dimensional personality assessment instrument in patients with Chronic Fatigue Syndrome (CFS). A total of 162 CFS patients were included in the study (91.4% women; mean age 47.5 years). All subjects completed the Spanish versions of the Personality Diagnostic Questionnaire-4+ (PDQ-4+) and the Temperament and Character Inventory-Revised (TCI-R). Results: 78 (48.1%) of the patients presented a Personality Disorder (PD), the most frequent being Cluster C, specifically Obsessive-compulsive disorder, followed by Avoidant disorder. PDs showed a specific pattern of correlation with temperament scales. All PD clusters correlated positively with Harm Avoidance and Self-Transcendence, and negatively with Reward Dependence, Self-Directedness, and Cooperativeness. In a logistic regression analysis, Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness predicted PD presence. The findings are consistent with previous studies in non-CFS samples and suggest that the combination of the Temperament and Character dimensions (low Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness and high Harm Avoidance and Self-Transcendence) correlates with PD severity, and that Self-Directedness and Cooperativeness are associated with PD presence in CFS patients. The integration of these two perspectives expands the current comprehension of personality pathology in CFS patients.

Task and Relationship Conflict at Work

2011 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 171-178 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nale Lehmann-Willenbrock ◽  
Anna Grohmann ◽  
Simone Kauffeld
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Confirmatory Factor Analysis ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Industrial Sector ◽  
Task Conflict ◽  
Relationship Conflict ◽  
Factor Solution ◽  
Convenience Sample ◽  
Confirmatory Factor

The distinction between task and relationship conflict is well established. Based on Jehn’s (1995) intragroup conflict scale, we developed an economic six-item questionnaire for assessing relationship and task conflict in work groups. Confirmatory factor analysis was performed on data from a convenience sample (N = 247), and confirmed the original two-factor solution. The stability of the obtained two-factor solution was supported by confirmatory factor analysis in a longitudinal design with a second sample (N = 431) from the industrial sector. In line with previous research, the two types of conflict were intercorrelated. Moreover, the two subscales showed differential longitudinal effects on team outcomes. Task conflict was beneficial for performance in nonroutine tasks (but not in routine tasks). Relationship conflict had a negative impact on team viability and coworker trust.

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