Why Military Organizations Are Cautious About Learning?

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (3) ◽  
pp. 475-494 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Hasselbladh ◽  
Karl Ydén
Keyword(s):  
Learning Organization ◽  
Terms Of Trade ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Trade Offs ◽  
Logic Of Action ◽  
Sociocultural Contexts ◽  
Collective Sensemaking ◽  
The Military ◽  
Bureaucratic Organizations

This article argues that military organizations display a more rigorous form of collective sensemaking than ordinary bureaucratic organizations. Military organizing is predicated on the rigorous modes of thinking and acting that follow from the particular military propensity to impose order on chaos. This trait is antithetical to modern notions of “the learning organization,” in which exploring variety and experimenting and testing out unproven methods are central. We identify two sets of structural conditions that constitute the sociocognitive landscape of military organizations and discuss how the military logic of action might be enacted in different sociocultural contexts. Our framework is brought to bear on recent research on international military missions, and in the concluding section, we summarize our arguments and discuss their wider implications in terms of trade-offs between adaptability and other capabilities in the design of military forces.

scholarly journals The Social Determinants of Health in Military Forces of Iran: A Qualitative Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadkarim Bahadori ◽  
Hormoz Sanaeinasab ◽  
Mostafa Ghanei ◽  
Ali Mehrabi Tavana ◽  
Ramin Ravangard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
Social Determinants Of Health ◽  
Social Determinants ◽  
Determinants Of Health ◽  
Military Health ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Social ◽  
Health Need ◽  
The Military

Providing effective health interventions and achieving equity in health need to apply the community-based approaches such as social determinants of health. In the military organizations, these determinants have received less attention from the military health researchers and policymakers. Therefore, this study aimed to identify and explain the social determinants affecting the health of military forces in Iran. This was a qualitative study which was conducted in 2014. The required data were collected through semistructured interviews and analyzed through Conventional Content Analysis. The studied sample consisted of 22 military health experts, policymakers, and senior managers selected using purposeful sampling method with maximum variation sampling. MAXQDA.2007 was used to analyze the collected data. After analyzing the collected data, two main contents, that is, “general social determinants of health” and “military social determinants of health,” with 22 themes and 90 subthemes were identified as the social determinants of military forces’ health. Main themes were religious rule, spirituality promotion policies, international military factors, military command, and so forth. Given the role and importance of social factors determining the military forces’ health, it can be recommended that the military organizations should pay more attention to these determinants in making policies and creating social, economic, and cultural structures for their forces.

scholarly journals Why the Military Forces? The Role and Capabilities of Military Forces in the Protection against Disasters

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-15
Author(s):  
Júlia Hornyacsek
Keyword(s):  
Built Environment ◽  
Disaster Management ◽  
Basic Function ◽  
Management Systems ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Military

Abstract The events of recent times have proven that disasters have become part of our lives. The greatest danger is caused by the damage to and the destruction of the built environment, which makes the population vulnerable. Nowadays, in order to provide effective actions against disasters, complex disaster management systems have evolved throughout Europe, and protection has become an all-society task. Military forces of a given country are also involved in this task. The question arises what kind of damages are caused to the built environment by disasters, how the elimination of damages is resolved and what role the reformed military forces may have in it. In this article, the author has set out to analyze the characteristics of incident sites created by disasters, identifying their impacts on the built environment, as well as the tasks or capabilities needed to perform these tasks. In the light of this, she investigates if military organizations, through their basic function, have all the capabilities that, without special improvements, can make them capable of effectively contributing to the provision of rescue tasks.

Dilemmas and controversies within civilian and military organizations in the execution of humanitarian aid in Iraq: A review

2010 ◽  
Vol 5 (6) ◽  
pp. 385-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melinda J. Morton, MD, MPH ◽  
Gilbert M. Burnham, MD, PhD
Keyword(s):  
Humanitarian Aid ◽  
Humanitarian Assistance ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Cultural Perspectives ◽  
Humanitarian Operations ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Recent Developments ◽  
The Military ◽  
Collaborative Efforts

Civilian humanitarian assistance organizations and military forces are working in a similar direction in many humanitarian operations around the world. However, tensions exist over the role of the military in such operations. The purpose of this article is to review cultural perspectives of civilian and military actors and to discuss recent developments in civil-military humanitarian collaboration in the provision of health services in Iraq for guiding such collaborative efforts in postconflict and other settings in future. Optimal collaborative efforts are most likely to be achieved through the following tenets: defining appropriate roles for military forces at the beginning of humanitarian operations (optimally the provision of transportation, logistical coordination, and security), promoting development of ongoing relationships between civilian and military agencies, establishment of humanitarian aid training programs for Department of Defense personnel, and the need for the military to develop and use quantitative aid impact indicators for assuring quality and effectiveness of humanitarian aid.

Evolution of Ray's Theory of Bureaucratic Caring

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
pp. 159-175
Author(s):  
Marilyn A. Ray
Keyword(s):  
Healthcare System ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Theoretical Development ◽  
Military Healthcare ◽  
The Military ◽  
Health And Well Being ◽  
Military Healthcare System ◽  
Holistic Science ◽  
Ethical Caring ◽  
Bureaucratic Organizations

An overview and evolution of caring and the theory of bureaucratic caring and interpretations of its central categories are described. Data and models representing its theoretical development, the concept of bureaucracy, and emergence of the theory as a holographic theory are included. Central tenets in the new sciences are explored along with Bohm's corresponding ideas of explicate and implicate orders (holistic science) and spiritual-ethical caring. The theory has broad implications for increasing the knowledge of caring inter-professionally, improving the health and well-being of people, and transforming healthcare bureaucratic organizations nationally and globally, with application in the military healthcare system.

scholarly journals The Convergence of Military Conduct and Policing in Israeli-Controlled Territories

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Nir Gazit ◽  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Police Officer ◽  
The United States ◽  
Police Brutality ◽  
Media Attention ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Military ◽  
The Impact

The murder of George Floyd by a police officer in the United States in May 2020 and the subsequent turmoil, as well as the violence against migrants on the US-Mexican border, have drawn major public and media attention to the phenomenon of police brutality (see, e.g., Levin 2020; Misra 2018; Taub 2020), which is often labeled as ‘militarization of police’. At the same time, in recent years military forces have been increasingly involved in policing missions in civilian environments, both domestically (see, e.g., Kanno-Youngs 2020; Schrader 2020; Shinkman 2020) and abroad. The convergence of military conduct and policing raises intriguing questions regarding the impact of these tendencies on the military and the police, as well as on their legitimacy.

scholarly journals Bringing the Military Back in: Military Expenditures and Economic Growth 1990 to 2003

2008 ◽  
pp. 142-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Kentor ◽  
Edward Kick
Keyword(s):  
Economic Growth ◽  
National Development ◽  
Military Spending ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
Less Developed Countries ◽  
Least Developed Countries ◽  
Military Organizations ◽  
Military Expenditures ◽  
Military Institution ◽  
The Military

After the “peace bonus” era, global military expenditures have escalated sharply despite some worldwide declines in military personnel. Theories on the economic impacts of the military institution and escalated military spending greatly differ and include arguments that they either improve domestic economic performance or crowd out growth-inducing processes. Empirical findings on this matter are inconclusive, in part due to a failure to disentangle the various dimensions of military expenditures. We further suggest that modern sociology's relative inattention to such issues has contributed to these shortcomings. We explore a new dimension of military spending that clarifies this issue—military expenditures per soldier —which captures the capital intensiveness of a country’s military organization. Our cross-national panel regression and causal analyses of developed and less developed countries from 1990 to 2003 show that military expenditures per soldier inhibit the growth of per capita GDP, net of control variables, with the most pronounced effects in least developed countries. These expenditures inhibit national development in part by slowing the expansion of the labor force. Labor-intensive militaries may provide a pathway for upward mobility, but comparatively capital-intensive military organizations limit entry opportunities for unskilled and under- or unemployed people. Deep investments in military hardware also reduce the investment capital available for more economically productive opportunities. We also find that arms imports have a positive effect on economic growth, but only in less developed countries.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review of the Use of Telemedicine in the Military Forces Worldwide

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (11) ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Mohammadi ◽  
Zeinab Tabanejad ◽  
Shahabeddin Abhari ◽  
Behnam Honarvar ◽  
Mina Lazem ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Data Extraction ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Military Medicine ◽  
Healthcare Services ◽  
Developed Countries ◽  
The United States ◽  
Positive Effects ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
The Military

Context: Considering the pivotal role of telemedicine in providing healthcare services for remote areas, some of the military medical centers, especially in developed countries, use different types of telemedicine programs. Objectives: The present study aimed at identifying the implemented telemedicine projects in military medicine worldwide and introducing their features. Evidence Acquisition: The current systematic review was performed in 2018. PubMed, Scopus, Embase, and Web of Science databases were searched for articles published from 2014 to 2018 by a combination of related keywords, and the related original articles were then selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Data were collected by a data extraction form, and then the data were summarized and reported based on the study objectives. Results: Of the 173 articles retrieved from the first round of search, 12 were included in the study; five (41.66%) studies had used the synchronous (real-time telemedicine) method. The United States, with nine studies, had the highest number of projects in military telemedicine. Most studies (n = 7) were performed on tele-psychology and the application of telemedicine in psychology. All selected studies reported the positive effects of telemedicine on providing healthcare for military forces. Conclusions: The proper utilization of telemedicine equipment is effective in saving time for both patients and healthcare providers, reducing costs, supporting in natural disasters, and satisfying patients with military medicine. To achieve telemedicine program objectives, they should be set precisely. Considering the importance of timely healthcare services, it is suggested to utilize synchronous methods and tools such as video conferencing.

scholarly journals Coup Culture: The Military and the Failure of Constitutionalism in Fiji

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (3) ◽  
pp. 589
Author(s):  
Sarah Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Military Power ◽  
Military Government ◽  
Checks And Balances ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Island State ◽  
The Military

Fiji's Interim Military Government has now been in power for nearly five years. Since that time elections have been promised for 2014, but whether those elections will take place, or how they will be carried out in practice, remains to be seen. This paper is a focus on the checks and balances on the Military Forces in Fiji, and how those could be adapted to restrict military power in the island state. 

scholarly journals Brief analysis of foreign experience in arrangement of purchasing weapons and military equipment

2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (398) ◽  
pp. 161-181
Author(s):  
Oleg Savchenko ◽  
◽  
Valery Polovinkin ◽  
Keyword(s):  
General Purpose ◽  
Detailed Consideration ◽  
Foreign Experience ◽  
Military Equipment ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Centralized Purchasing ◽  
Russian Military ◽  
The Military

for weapons, military and special-purpose equipment, supplies and services to support military forces of five states, which are world leaders in the military field: USA, UK, France, Germany and China. A special emphasis is made on shipbuilding. Materials and methods. The review is based on modern strategic documents and legislative acts regulating the procurement activities of major state military agencies. Main results. A detailed consideration is given to specific procurement systems operating in foreign countries, similar features and differences are identified, national specifics are mentioned. Recommendations are given regarding lessons to be learned by Russian military departments. Conclusions. Based on the foreign experience it is found advisable to combine centralized purchasing of major military products and equipment and decentralized procurement of some general-purpose items.

scholarly journals Food Supply and Nutrition in the Bulgarian Army

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 213-219
Author(s):  
Pavlin Glushkov
Keyword(s):  
Food Supply ◽  
Food Material ◽  
Military Forces ◽  
Nutritional Property ◽  
National Training ◽  
The Military

Abstract The main tasks of food logistics in the military formations are to provide the personnel with food, material and nutritional property, to maintain and refresh the stocks, as well as organize the nutrition of the personnel in peacetime and wartime according to the current nutrition norms. It should be noted that food supply and the organization of nutrition bear its specific characteristics depending on the place where it is carried out and the force of the factors that influence it. The present study focuses on the organization of nutrition in the stage of peacetime national training of military forces.

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