World Gas Supplies for the Future: Questions and Answers

1993 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 540-568 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Tissot ◽  
M. Valais
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Critical Question ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
The Future ◽  
Questions And Answers ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Substantial Rise

The abundance of the worldwide resources of natural gas and its qualities as a “clean” fuel make it a major energy option for the future. However, the increasing distance of resources in relation to the major consuming zones should bring about a considerable development of international gas trade and also a very substantial rise in the cost of future supplies to major markets. Will these markets accept a new scale of value for natural gas in relation to other fossil fuels in order to ensure the economic viability of the formidable investments required in the coming decades is the most critical question of the gas industry, among many other technical, economic and political issues.

scholarly journals Price-Efficiency Relationship for Photovoltaic Systems on a Global Basis

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehmet Sait Cengiz ◽  
Mehmet Salih Mamiş
Keyword(s):  
Power Systems ◽  
Electricity Generation ◽  
Economic Viability ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
The World ◽  
The Future ◽  
Potential Factors ◽  
Technology Lifecycle ◽  
Price Analysis ◽  
The Cost

Solar energy is the most abundant, useful, efficient, and environmentally friendly source of renewable energy. In addition, in recent years, the capacity of photovoltaic electricity generation systems has increased exponentially throughout the world given an increase in the economic viability and reliability of photovoltaic systems. Moreover, many studies state that photovoltaic power systems will play a key role in electricity generation in the future. When first produced, photovoltaic systems had short lifetimes. Currently, through development, the technology lifecycle of photovoltaic systems has increased to 20–25 years. Studies showed that photovoltaic systems would be broadly used in the future, a conclusion reached by considering the rapidly decreasing cost of photovoltaic systems. Because price analysis is very important for energy marketing, in this study, a review of the cost potential factors on photovoltaic panels is realized and the expected cost potential of photovoltaic systems is examined considering numerous studies.

Financial Outlook for the Canadian Gas Industry

1995 ◽  
Vol 13 (5) ◽  
pp. 545-552
Author(s):  
Brent Friedenberg
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Supply And Demand ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Gas Price

The financial outlook for the Canadian gas industry depends on the outlook for gas prices at Canadian producing basins, the cost of producing in Canada and the volume of production of Canadian natural gas. Price, cost and volume determine the health of the Canadian industry. Industry's costs are the basis of the supply (volume) offered on the market and price is determined by the interaction of supply and demand.

The natural gas industry: equipment, materials, and corrosion

2015 ◽  
Vol 33 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-185 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Valdez ◽  
Michael Schorr ◽  
Jose M. Bastidas
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Saline Water ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Municipal Networks ◽  
Production Wells ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
The Usa

AbstractCorrosion is a crucial worldwide problem that strongly affects the oil and gas industry. Natural gas (NG) is a source of energy used in industrial, residential, commercial, and electric applications. The abundance of NG in many countries augurs a profitable situation for the vast energy industry. NG is considered friendlier to the environment and has lesser greenhouse gas emissions compared with other fossil fuels. In the last years, shale gas is increasingly exploited in the USA and in Europe, using a hydraulic fracturing (fracking) technique for releasing gas from the bedrock by injection of saline water, acidic chemicals, and sand to the wells. Various critical sectors of the NG industry infrastructure suffer from several types of corrosion: steel casings of production wells and their drilling equipment, gas-conveying pipelines including pumps and valves, plants for regasification of liquefied NG, and municipal networks of NG distribution to the consumers. Practical technologies that minimize or prevent corrosion include selection of corrosion-resistant engineering materials, cathodic protection, use of corrosion inhibitors, and application of external and internal paints, coatings, and linings. Typical cases of corrosion management in the NG industry are presented based on the authors’ experience and knowledge.

scholarly journals PLOTTING A DIAGRAM OF NATURAL GAS INTERCHANGEABILITY FOR THE ENERGY MARKET OF GEORGIA

World Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitri Namgaladze ◽  
Tornike Kiziria ◽  
Lena Shatakishvili ◽  
Tamaz Ghvanidze
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Calorific Value ◽  
Energy Market ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Natural Gases ◽  
Cost Of Energy ◽  
Gas Market ◽  
Wobbe Index ◽  
The Cost ◽  
First Time

The increase in the cost of energy and the appearance of gases of various qualities led to the fact that calculations in the gas industry began to be made by measuring thermal energy.  To this day, in Georgia, the calculation of the amount of natural gas when paying for the used gas is in cubic meters.  As for the study of processes and parameters in the Georgian gas sector, it turned out that these processes are clearly stochastic.  Therefore, the purpose of the work is to develop criteria for the interchangeability of natural gas, in particular, a diagram of the interaction between the Wobbe index in total proportions of propane and nitrogen equivalent for the Georgian gas market, based on stochastic processes.  Thus, for the first time, an original methodology for plotting the Wobbe Index (calorific value) of interchangeable natural gases supplied to Georgia was developed.

scholarly journals Prioritizing Energy Sources to Generate Electricity (Application of Fuzzy Logic)

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 414-421
Author(s):  
Bahareh Hashemlou ◽  
Hossein Sadeghi ◽  
Arashk Masaeli ◽  
Mohammadhadi Hajian ◽  
Shima Javaheri
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Energy Demand ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Electrical Energy ◽  
Electricity Production ◽  
Fuzzy Preference Relations ◽  
Safety And Reliability ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Day By Day

Organizations, institutions, and different sectors of manufacturing, services and agriculture are constantly making decisions. Each of the aforementioned sectors, have strategies, tactics, and various functions that play a basic role in reaching the objectives. On the other hand, energy demand in developing countries is increasing day by day. The exact calculation of the cost per unit of electricity generated by power plants is not easy. Therefore, this study according to four sources of natural gas, nuclear energy, renewable energy and other fossil fuels other than natural gas that are used in a variety of electricity production plants is trying to clarify the ranking of generation electricity approach using "fuzzy preference relations" analysis. Accordingly, three models were used and the results showed that natural gas, with regard to the four criteria of low investment cost, low power, lack of pollution and the safety and reliability of electrical energy has priority over other alternatives. Full preferred model results also suggested that the energy of natural gas, renewable energies, nuclear and other fossil fuels should be considered in a priority for power generation. Sensitivity analysis results moreover demonstrated that the above models are not affected by the threshold values ​​and the full stability of the models is observed.

Economical and Environmental Aspects of the Microturbine’s Application in Brazil

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eli Eber Batista Gomes ◽  
Vladimir Rafael Melian Cobas ◽  
Marco Antoˆnio Rosa do Nascimento ◽  
Electo Eduardo Silva Lora
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Distributed Generation ◽  
Experimental Evaluation ◽  
Minas Gerais ◽  
Small Scale ◽  
Study Group ◽  
Environmental Aspects ◽  
Thermal Systems ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Cost

Microturbine generators have shown good perspectives for small scale distributed generation. In Brazil, the Thermal Systems Study Group of Federal School of Engineering of Itajuba´, sponsored by the CEMIG (Electrical Utility of Minas Gerais), is developing a project about experimental evaluation of microturbines systems. The objective of this paper is to evaluate the cost of generating electricity with microturbines and show the emissions range of microturbines operating with natural gas. The cost of the microturbine generators as well as the cost of the electricity and natural gas in Brazil at this moment and the projection for the future were considered.

scholarly journals Use of CNG as Autofuel in Nigeria

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 (10) ◽  
pp. 66-69
Author(s):  
Chikwendu Ubani ◽  
Ubong Ikpaisong
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Joint Venture ◽  
National Development ◽  
Liquefied Petroleum Gas ◽  
Compressed Natural Gas ◽  
Gaseous Hydrocarbon ◽  
Associated Gas ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

Natural gas is a clean-burning, safe fuel that can save you money at the pump while benefitting the environment and reducing Nigeria’s dependence on petroleum. It is a naturally occurring mixture of gaseous hydrocarbon, non-gaseous non-hydrocarbons and gaseous non-hydrocarbons found in underground reservoir rocks either on its own (non-associated gas) or in association with crude oil (associated gas). Natural gas is today accepted as one of the best sources of energy for the world and for the future because of its environmentally-friendly nature compared to other kinds of fossil fuels. Nigeria is ranked as the seventh most natural gas endowed nation in the world and relaxes on number one spot in Africa as she seats on about one hundred and eighty-eight trillion cubic feet of natural gas deposits.Current opportunities to utilize gas in Nigeria include: Gas to reinjection schemes, Gas to power schemes, Gas to petrochemicals (as feedstock), LNG-Liquefied Natural Gas, LPG- Liquefied Petroleum Gas, and CNG- Compressed Natural Gas. The use of CNG as auto fuel in Nigeria presents so much benefits as have been highlighted in this paper with emphasis on the economic advantage. Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) is a product of compressing natural gas to one hundredth the volume it occupies at standard atmospheric pressure.A comprehensive economic analysis to determine the cost savings from driving a car on CNG against PMS considered the case of a motorist who covers an average of 100 km every day in the approximately thirty days that make a month was employed. Results established that running a car on CNG amounts to saving N1 143 daily and N34 284 monthly, the cost of converting the car from PMS - driven to CNG - driven is recovered before the end of the sixth month. From the sixth month to the end of the first year, savings of N211 402 is made. Savings of N411 408 is enjoyed each year after the first year.Running vehicles on CNG will greatly reduce the friction and troubles encountered in importing fuel into the country. This will also cut down largely the hardly available foreign exchange expended in bringing in PMS for fuelling vehicles. To this end, the Nigerian Government should as a matter of national development ensure legal and regulatory framework encompassing both technical and commercial aspects for natural gas utilization in Nigeria. Worthy of note is the aspect of gas gathering, gas transmission and distribution which will further encourage the planting of CNG refuelling stations that will serve the expected large fleet of natural gas vehicles. Currently, Green Gas Limited, a joint venture between Nigeria Gas Company (NGC) a Nigerian National Petroleum Corporation (NNPC) and NIPCO Plc. that has nine operational CNG refuelling stations and others under construction is the only company driving the CNG revolution in the country.

Application of Genetic Algorithm (GA) Technique on Demand Estimation of Fossil Fuels in Turkey

2007 ◽  
Author(s):  
Olcay Ersel Canyurt ◽  
Harun Kemal O¨ztu¨rk
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Algorithm ◽  
Natural Gas ◽  
Fossil Fuels ◽  
Demand Estimation ◽  
Design Parameters ◽  
The Future ◽  
Oil And Natural Gas ◽  
Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Consumption ◽  
Natural Gas Demand

The main objective of the present study is to investigate Turkey’s fossil fuels demand, projection and supplies by giving the structure of the Turkish industry and Turkish economic conditions. This present study develops several scenarios to analyze fossil fuels; such as, coal, oil and natural gas consumption and make future projections based on Genetic Algorithm (GA) notion, and examines the effect of the design parameters on the fossil fuels utilization values. The models developed in the nonlinear form are applied to the coal, oil and natural gas demand of Turkey. Several Genetic Algorithm Demand Estimation Models (GA-DEM) are developed to estimate the future coal, oil and natural gas demand values based on population, Gross National Product (GNP), import, export figures. It may be concluded that the proposed models can be used as an alternative solution and estimation techniques for the future fossil fuel utilization values of any country. Oil is the most important fuel in Turkey, contributing 43% of the Total Primary Energy Supply (TPES), followed by coal (almost 30% of TPES) and natural gas (11.8%). In the study, coil, oil and natural gas consumption of Turkey are projected. Estimation shows that the coal, oil and natural gas consumption values may increase 2.82, 1.73 and 4.83 times from 2000 to 2020.

scholarly journals Problems and Prospects of the Helium Industry in Russia

2021 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 448-457
Author(s):  
Genrietta Rusetskaya ◽  
Alexander Yuryshev
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
World Market ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Processing Plant ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
Gas Processing ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The World ◽  
The Cost

The transition to an innovative way of development in the gas industry is associated with deep, comprehensive processing of natural gas, the start-up of manufacturing products with high added value. In terms of proven reserves of natural gas, Russia ranks number one in the world, the demand is constantly growing both at the domestic market and for exports. Natural and associated petroleum gases of many oil and gas condensate fields in Russia are multicomponent systems that contain a number of components important for the gas chemical industry (ethane, propane, butane, etc.). The most valuable of these is helium. The purpose of this work is to study the problems and prospects for the development of the helium industry in Russia and in the world. Using the methods of economic analysis, generalization and synthesis, the authors estimated the volume of reserves of helium-saturated gases in the fields of the country and Eastern Siberia, the state of helium production, the potential for using helium in the sectors of the Russian economy, the possibility and conditions of competitive entry into the world market. As a result, they detected Russia’s technological inferiority in a number of industries, coming from the low demand for helium, the location of potential consumers far from production centers, the high cost of helium production, the lack of reliable methods of its transportation, etc. At the same time, full-scale helium demand satisfaction of Russian industries is associated with the construction of the Amur Gas Processing Plant. The demand for helium in the countries of the world is constantly growing, an increase in consumption is observed in traditional industries and in the field of innovative technologies. The US dominance in the production of helium is gradually declining due to the depletion of some deposits. The authors make a conclusion that after 2030 Russia can satisfy domestic consumption of helium to bring the industry to an effective economic and environmental level and, while reducing the cost of production, become a major participant in its world market.

Computation of Turbulent Flows in Natural Gas Pipes with Different Rectifiers

2012 ◽  
Vol 455-456 ◽  
pp. 344-350
Author(s):  
Z.H. Xiong ◽  
Zhen Lin Li
Keyword(s):  
Natural Gas ◽  
Flow Field ◽  
Turbulent Flows ◽  
Great Influence ◽  
Numerical Results ◽  
Good Tool ◽  
Gas Industry ◽  
The Future ◽  
Natural Gas Industry ◽  
The Common

With the development of natural gas industry, improving the accuracy of the flowmeter systems is becoming the common concerned problem both corporations and customers. Many experiments demonstrate that the different flow field structures in pipes with diverse baffle installations have great influence on the measure accuracy of flowmeters. In order to measure the flux in pipes more accurate, the flowmeters must be installed downstream the baffles far away so that the irregular flows induced by baffles have less influence on the flowmeters. However, the installation lengths downstream baffles for flowmeters in ISO are are usually much longer than the allowable lengths for the local flowmeters. To decrease the installation lengths and loss measure accuracy of flowmeters as little as possible, it is necessary to study the flows in pipes with baffles. CFD is a good tool for the study. Here, the flows in a diffusive pipe with various rectifiers are computed as examples. The lengths of the irregular flows induced by the diffuser and rectifier are shown. By analyzing and comparison the numerical results, the installation lengths for flowmeters and the rectification of the different rectifiers are confirmed. The study conclusions will be very useful for guiding the local flowmeter selection and installation in the future.

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