Nonvisual Alternative Display Techniques for Output from Graphics-Based Computers

1989 ◽  
Vol 83 (8) ◽  
pp. 383-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
G.C. Vanderheiden
Keyword(s):  
State Of The Art ◽  
Veterans Administration ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Interfaces ◽  
Different Types ◽  
American Foundation ◽  
Visual Graphic ◽  
Types Of Information ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
New Strategies

In the past, computer displays consisted mostly of unformatted text or simple row-column displays of information. This made providing access for persons who were blind a relatively straightforward task. As computers become more visually complex, however, new strategies are needed to augment the standard approaches to provide access. This article reviews the different types of information that are currently presented visually on computer systems and then discusses possible alternative display mechanisms for each that would be usable by blind persons. Some of the techniques described are commercially available; some exist as research prototypes; others, however, are still conceptual in nature. This article provides an overview and a summary of techniques identified as a result of the planning conference. The information present was compiled as a part of a state-of-the-art session, held in Madison, Wisconsin, on access to visual graphic computer interfaces by blind persons; the session was cosponsored by the Trace R&D Center, the Veterans Administration, the National Federation of the Blind, the American Foundation for the Blind, and Smith-Kettlewell Institute.

scholarly journals Classical Observations of Visual Binary and Multiple Stars

2006 ◽  
Vol 2 (S240) ◽  
pp. 88-96
Author(s):  
Brian D. Mason
Keyword(s):  
Field Work ◽  
Speckle Interferometry ◽  
Double Star ◽  
The Past ◽  
Multiple Stars ◽  
Successful Work ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Star Database ◽  
Double And Multiple Stars ◽  
Types Of Information

AbstractChanges in the double star database are highlighted, describing various methods of observation (both historically and those of the past few years) and their effectiveness in different regimes of separation space. The various niches for wide- and narrow-field work as they apply to double and multiple stars are examined and the different types of information which each can provide are described. Despite the significant growth of the double star database, much can still be done, such as finding lost pairs, filling in missing parameters so that observing programs can select all stars appropriate to their capabilities, or providing at least gross kinematic descriptions. After more than 20 years of successful work, speckle interferometry and conventional CCD astrometry have replaced filar micrometry and photography as preferred classical techniques. Indeed, most work in filar micrometry is now being done by amateurs. Work on pairs described as neglected in the last major WDS data release (2001) is given as a specific example. Finally, the continued need to publish data in classical double star parameters is also discussed.

Hydrating Hyderabad: Rapid urbanisation, water scarcity and the difficulties and possibilities of human flourishing

Urban Studies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (7) ◽  
pp. 1553-1569 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diganta Das ◽  
Tracey Skelton
Keyword(s):  
Water Scarcity ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
High Tech ◽  
Human Flourishing ◽  
Rural Villages ◽  
The Past ◽  
Urban Transition ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Telangana State ◽  
The City

The city of Hyderabad plays a significant role in urban transition processes at play in India. Cyberabad, a section of the city of Hyderabad, developed through the rapid urbanisation of rural villages and land, becoming a high-tech, state of the art, globally connected enclave. On weekday mornings in the neighbourhood of Madhapur, smartly dressed HITEC City workers, with ID tags, emerge from hostel accommodation and walk alongside large, black buffalo being herded into rundown dairies. This paradoxical use of space is replicated in the urban fabric of Cyberabad and surrounding Madhapur. Cheek-by-jowl urbanisation has created two very different types of urban locale: Cyberabad – air-conditioned, gardened, watered – a space of hydration and flourishing; and Madhapur – hot, dusty and desiccated – a space of dryness and water struggles. This paper explores whether aspects of urban flourishing and resilience are possible in the newly formed Telangana state and its capital, Hyderabad, through an examination of the past, present and future of the city’s water.

Placement and Employment of the Visually Impaired: State of the Art and Identification of Unmet Needs

1975 ◽  
Vol 69 (7) ◽  
pp. 320-324
Author(s):  
Harry J. Link
Keyword(s):  
Visually Impaired ◽  
Career Education ◽  
Unmet Needs ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Early Career ◽  
Work Skills ◽  
Education Programs ◽  
The Past ◽  
Blind Persons ◽  
Visually Impaired Persons

Describes vocational rehabilitation and other federal legislation that has opened up jobs for the blind and specific employment areas that have attracted visually impaired persons over the past decade or so. Reports the results of two surveys conducted to determine unmet needs. Results include the importance of upgrading the placement aspects of rehabilitation; providing blind persons with real work skills; early career education programs.

scholarly journals Use of Artificial Intelligence to Improve Resilience and Preparedness Against Adverse Flood Events

Water ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (5) ◽  
pp. 973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sara Saravi ◽  
Roy Kalawsky ◽  
Demetrios Joannou ◽  
Monica Rivas Casado ◽  
Guangtao Fu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Artificial Intelligence ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Flash Flood ◽  
Weather Forecast ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Flood Events ◽  
Ice Melt ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

The main focus of this paper is the novel use of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in natural disaster, more specifically flooding, to improve flood resilience and preparedness. Different types of flood have varying consequences and are followed by a specific pattern. For example, a flash flood can be a result of snow or ice melt and can occur in specific geographic places and certain season. The motivation behind this research has been raised from the Building Resilience into Risk Management (BRIM) project, looking at resilience in water systems. This research uses the application of the state-of-the-art techniques i.e., AI, more specifically Machin Learning (ML) approaches on big data, collected from previous flood events to learn from the past to extract patterns and information and understand flood behaviours in order to improve resilience, prevent damage, and save lives. In this paper, various ML models have been developed and evaluated for classifying floods, i.e., flash flood, lakeshore flood, etc. using current information i.e., weather forecast in different locations. The analytical results show that the Random Forest technique provides the highest accuracy of classification, followed by J48 decision tree and Lazy methods. The classification results can lead to better decision-making on what measures can be taken for prevention and preparedness and thus improve flood resilience.

scholarly journals Multi-Label Causal Feature Selection

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (04) ◽  
pp. 6430-6437 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xingyu Wu ◽  
Bingbing Jiang ◽  
Kui Yu ◽  
Huanhuan Chen ◽  
Chunyan Miao
Keyword(s):  
Feature Selection ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Causal Relationships ◽  
Real World Data ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Complete Representation ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types

Multi-label feature selection has received considerable attentions during the past decade. However, existing algorithms do not attempt to uncover the underlying causal mechanism, and individually solve different types of variable relationships, ignoring the mutual effects between them. Furthermore, these algorithms lack of interpretability, which can only select features for all labels, but cannot explain the correlation between a selected feature and a certain label. To address these problems, in this paper, we theoretically study the causal relationships in multi-label data, and propose a novel Markov blanket based multi-label causal feature selection (MB-MCF) algorithm. MB-MCF mines the causal mechanism of labels and features first, to obtain a complete representation of information about labels. Based on the causal relationships, MB-MCF then selects predictive features and simultaneously distinguishes common features shared by multiple labels and label-specific features owned by single labels. Experiments on real-world data sets validate that MB-MCF could automatically determine the number of selected features and simultaneously achieve the best performance compared with state-of-the-art methods. An experiment in Emotions data set further demonstrates the interpretability of MB-MCF.

Review on Shear Connectors in Timber-Concrete Composite Beams

2015 ◽  
Vol 744-746 ◽  
pp. 274-278
Author(s):  
Li Ping Chen ◽  
Guo Jing He ◽  
Hong Zhi Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Composite Beam ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Composite Beams ◽  
Structural Member ◽  
Shear Connector ◽  
Timber Beam ◽  
Shear Connectors ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
New Type

The timber-concrete composite (TCC) beam is a new type of structural member, which formed by combing a timber beam and an upper concrete flange using different types of connectors. Compared with the traditional timber beam, the bending and stiffness of the composite beam is proved. In composite structure, the important factor of the structure is the shear connector. So structural efficiency of a TCC highly depends on the stiffness of the interlayer connection. This paper presents a survey on the state-of-the-art of shear connectors for TCC beam research in the past and recent years. And put forward to the subsequent study of shear connectors in TCC beams.

Review of Magnetron Developments

Frequenz ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 70 (9-10) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandeep Kumar Vyas ◽  
Rajendra Kumar Verma ◽  
Shivendra Maurya ◽  
V.V.P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Performance Improvement ◽  
Performance Enhancement ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
First Century ◽  
Foreseeable Future ◽  
High Power Microwave ◽  
The Past ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Microwave Sources ◽  
Power Microwave

AbstractMagnetrons have been the most efficient high power microwave sources for decades. In the twenty-first century, many of the development works are headed towards the performance improvement of CW industrial magnetrons. In this review article, the development works and techniques, used on different types of magnetrons, for the performance enhancement in the past two decades have been discussed. The article focuses on the state of the art of CW magnetron and the direction it will take in foreseeable future. In addition it also glimpses some of the major variants of magnetron which have further opened up scope in mm-THz spectrum of electromagnetism.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

A Macintosh Interface for the Cameca Camebax-Micro Electron Microprobe

1990 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 438-439
Author(s):  
Carl E. Henderson
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microprobe ◽  
Processing Speed ◽  
Word Processing ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Computer Control ◽  
Third Party ◽  
Disk Storage ◽  
The Past ◽  
User Facility ◽  
Instrument Control

Over the past few years it has become apparent in our multi-user facility that the computer system and software supplied in 1985 with our CAMECA CAMEBAX-MICRO electron microprobe analyzer has the greatest potential for improvement and updating of any component of the instrument. While the standard CAMECA software running on a DEC PDP-11/23+ computer under the RSX-11M operating system can perform almost any task required of the instrument, the commands are not always intuitive and can be difficult to remember for the casual user (of which our laboratory has many). Given the widespread and growing use of other microcomputers (such as PC’s and Macintoshes) by users of the microprobe, the PDP has become the “oddball” and has also fallen behind the state-of-the-art in terms of processing speed and disk storage capabilities. Upgrade paths within products available from DEC are considered to be too expensive for the benefits received. After using a Macintosh for other tasks in the laboratory, such as instrument use and billing records, word processing, and graphics display, its unique and “friendly” user interface suggested an easier-to-use system for computer control of the electron microprobe automation. Specifically a Macintosh IIx was chosen for its capacity for third-party add-on cards used in instrument control.

Effect of sleep on memory for binding different types of visual information

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
John J Shaw ◽  
Zhisen Urgolites ◽  
Padraic Monaghan
Keyword(s):  
Visual Information ◽  
Storage Capacity ◽  
Declarative Memory ◽  
Recognition Task ◽  
Forced Choice ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Types Of Information

Visual long-term memory has a large and detailed storage capacity for individual scenes, objects, and actions. However, memory for combinations of actions and scenes is poorer, suggesting difficulty in binding this information together. Sleep can enhance declarative memory of information, but whether sleep can also boost memory for binding information and whether the effect is general across different types of information is not yet known. Experiments 1 to 3 tested effects of sleep on binding actions and scenes, and Experiments 4 and 5 tested binding of objects and scenes. Participants viewed composites and were tested 12-hours later after a delay consisting of sleep (9pm-9am) or wake (9am-9pm), on an alternative forced choice recognition task. For action-scene composites, memory was relatively poor with no significant effect of sleep. For object-scene composites sleep did improve memory. Sleep can promote binding in memory, depending on the type of information to be combined.

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