The Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes Scale

2005 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-224 ◽  
Author(s):  
Russell L. Rothman ◽  
Robb Malone ◽  
Betsy Bryant ◽  
Catherine Wolfe ◽  
Penelope Padgett ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Average Score ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Internal Reliability ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Literacy Level

Purpose The purpose of this study was to develop and validate a new knowledge scale for patients with type 2 diabetes and poor literacy: the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy patients with Diabetes (SKILLD). Methods The authors evaluated the 10-item SKILLD among 217 patients with type 2 diabetes and poor glycemic control at an academic general medicine clinic. Internal reliability was measured using the Kuder-Richardson coefficient. Performance on the SKILLD was compared to patient socioeconomic status, literacy level, duration of diabetes, and glycated hemoglobin (A1C). Results Respondents’ mean age was 55 years, and they had diabetes for an average of 8.4 years; 38% had less than a sixth-grade literacy level. The average score on the SKILLD was 49%. Less than one third of patients knew the signs of hypoglycemia or the normal fasting blood glucose range. The internal reliability of the SKILLD was good (0.72). Higher performance on the SKILLD was significantly correlated with higher income (r= 0.22), education level (r= 0.36), literacy status (r= 0.33), duration of diabetes (r= 0.30), and lower A1C (r= –0.16). When dichotomized, patients with low SKILLD scores (= 50%) had significantly higher A1C (11.2% vs 10.3%, P< .01). This difference remained significant when adjusted for covariates. Conclusion The SKILLD demonstrated good internal consistency and validity. It revealed significant knowledge deficits and was associated with glycemic control. The SKILLD represents a practical scale for patients with diabetes and low literacy.

Risk Factors Associated With Hyperuricemia in Patients with Diabetes Type 2: About 190 Cases

2020 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
pp. 12-16
Author(s):  
Fennoun H ◽  
Haraj NE ◽  
El Aziz S ◽  
Bensbaa S ◽  
Chadli A
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Ischemic Heart Disease ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Ischemic Heart ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Patients With Diabetes

Introduction: Hyperuricemia is common Type 2 diabetes at very high cardiovascular risk. Objective: Evaluate the relationship between hyperuricemia and diabetes type 2, and determine its predictive factors in this population. Patients and Methods: Retrospective study cross including 190 patients with diabetes type 2 hospitalized Service of Endocrinology of CHU Ibn Rushd Casablanca from January 2015 to December 2017. Hyperuricemia was defined as a serum uric acid concentration> 70 mg/L (men) and> 60 mg/L (women). The variables studied were the anthropometric measurements), cardiovascular factors (tobacco, hypertension, dyslipidemia), and degenerative complications (retinopathy, neuropathy, kidney failure, ischemic heart disease). The analyzes were performed by SPSS software. Results: Hyperuricemia was found in 26.5% of patients with a female predominance (76%), an average age of 55.9 years, and an average age of 12.4ans diabetes. The glycemic control was found in 84.6% of cases with mean glycated hemoglobin 8.6%. Factors associated al hyperuricemia were the blood pressure in 86% (p <0.05), dyslipidemia in 76.3% of cases (p <0.001) with hypertriglyceridemia in 48.3% of cases (p <0.02), and a hypoHDLémie 28% (p <0.001). The age, obesity, smoking, and glycemic control were associated significantly n al hyperuricemia. The research of degenerative complications of hyperuricemia has objectified renal impairment (GFR between 15 and 60ml / min) chez47% (p <0.001), it was kind of moderate in 35.8% (p <0.01) and severe in 5.1% (p <0.02), ischemic heart disease was found in 34% of cases (p <0.01). Conclusion: In our study, hyperuricemia in type 2 diabetes is common in female patients, especially with hypertension, dyslipidemia, and renal failure. Other factors such as age, obesity, smoking is not associated with hyperuricemia in type 2 diabetics.

Prevalence of Toenail Onychomycosis in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Evaluation of Risk Factors

2011 ◽  
Vol 101 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aynur Gulcan ◽  
Erim Gulcan ◽  
Sukru Oksuz ◽  
Idris Sahin ◽  
Demet Kaya
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Essential Components ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Epidemiologic Risk

Background: We sought to determine the frequency of toenail onychomycosis in diabetic patients, to identify the causative agents, and to evaluate the epidemiologic risk factors. Methods: Data regarding patients’ diabetic characteristics were recorded by the attending internal medicine clinician. Clinical examinations of patients’ toenails were performed by a dermatologist, and specimens were collected from the nails to establish the onycomycotic abnormality. All of the specimens were analyzed by direct microscopy and culture. Results: Of 321 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus, clinical onychomycosis was diagnosed in 162; 41 of those diagnoses were confirmed mycologically. Of the isolated fungi, 23 were yeasts and 18 were dermatophytes. Significant correlations were found between the frequency of onychomycosis and retinopathy, neuropathy, obesity, family history, and duration of diabetes. However, no correlation was found with sex, age, educational level, occupation, area of residence, levels of hemoglobin A1c and fasting blood glucose, and nephropathy. The most frequently isolated agents from clinical specimens were yeasts. Conclusions: Long-term control of glycemia to prevent chronic complications and obesity and to promote education about the importance of foot and nail care should be essential components in preventing onychomycosis and its potential complications, such as secondary foot lesions, in patients with diabetes mellitus. (J Am Podiatr Med Assoc 101(1): 49–54, 2011)

scholarly journals Triangulating evidence for the causal impact of single-dose zinc supplement on glycemic control for type-2 diabetes

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhiyang Wang ◽  
Carine Ronsmans ◽  
Benjamin Woolf
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Fasting Glucose ◽  
Causal Effect ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Zinc Supplement ◽  
Diabetes Patients

Background: Although previous studies suggested the protective effect of zinc for type-2 diabetes, the unitary causal effect remains inconclusive. Objective: We investigated the causal effect of zinc as a single intervention on glycemic control in type-2 diabetes patients, using a systematic review of RCTs and two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Methods: Four outcomes were identified: fasting blood glucose/fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), and serum insulin/fasting insulin level. In the systematic review, four databases were searched up to June 2021. Results were synthesized through the random-effects meta-analysis. Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) that are independent and are strongly related to zinc supplements were selected from MR-base to perform the two-sample MR with inverse-variance weighted (IVW) coefficient. Results: In the systematic review, 14 trials were included. The zinc supplement led to a significant reduction in the post-trial mean of fasting blood glucose (mean difference (MD): -26.52, 95%CI: -35.13, -17.91), HbA1C (MD: -0.52, 95%CI: -0.90, -0.13), and HOMA-IR (MD: -1.65, 95%CI: -2.62, -0.68), compared to the control group. In the two-sample MR, zinc supplement with 2 SNPs associated with lower fasting glucose (IVW coefficient: -2.04, 95%CI: -3.26, -0.83), but not specified type-2 diabetes. Conclusion: Although the study was limited by the few trials (review) and SNPs (two-sample MR), we demonstrated that the single zinc supplementary improved glycemic control among type-2 diabetes patients with causal evidence to a certain extent.

Reliability and Validity of the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes in Measuring Diabetes Knowledge Among Hispanics With Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (5) ◽  
pp. 465-474
Author(s):  
Jie Hu ◽  
Karen A. Amirehsani ◽  
Thomas P. McCoy ◽  
Debra C. Wallace ◽  
Sheryl L. Coley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Internal Consistency ◽  
Self Care ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Diabetes Knowledge ◽  
Low Literacy ◽  
Spearman Rank ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Southeastern Us

Purpose The purpose of the study was to examine the reliability and validity of the Spoken Knowledge in Low Literacy in Diabetes (SKILLD) scale in measuring diabetes knowledge among Hispanics with type 2 diabetes (T2DM). Methods A total of 111 Hispanic participants with T2DM were recruited from clinics and churches in the Southeastern US. The Spanish version of the SKILLD was used. Internal consistency reliability and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) were examined for the Spanish SKILLD. Spearman rank correlations of SKILLD scores with the Summary of Diabetes Self-Care Activities (SDSCA) scores were inspected for evidence of convergent validity along with A1C level and duration of diabetes. Results The average SKILLD score was 35.1% (SD = 23.4%). The correct response for each SKILLD item ranged from 4.5% to 56.8%. The estimated reliability via internal consistency was adequate (Kuder-Richardson 20 = 0.706). EFA of the SKILLD items modestly indicated 1 factor could be retained. Spearman rank correlations of SKILLD scores with diabetes self-care activities were significant and positive for foot self-care. Higher SKILLD scores were significantly correlated with duration of diabetes, using insulin, having a high education level, ever attending a diabetes class, or having a parent with diabetes. Conclusion The Spanish SKILLD showed acceptable reliability and adequate validity in this sample of Hispanics with T2DM. SKILLD scores indicated low diabetes knowledge in this sample. Patient-centered diabetes education tailored to low literacy needs of Hispanics is needed.

scholarly journals Risk Factors for Cognitive Impairment in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Sun ◽  
Xue Diao ◽  
Xiaokun Gang ◽  
You Lv ◽  
Xue Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Educational Level ◽  
Characteristic Curve ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Urine Protein ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes

Objectives. To investigate the risk factors for cognitive impairment in Chinese type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients of advanced age and to identify effective biomarkers of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) in these patients. Methods. Chinese T2DM patients (n=120) aged 50–70 years were divided into groups with impaired (mild, moderate, and severe) and normal cognitive function based on Montreal Cognitive Assessment and Mini-Mental State Examination scores. Data regarding demographic characteristics, clinical features of diabetes, biochemical markers, and metabolomics were collected. Results. Age, educational level, duration of diabetes, fasting blood glucose (FBG), HbA1c, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), and 24-hour urine protein were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in T2DM patients of advanced age. The severity of fundus retinopathy and the incidence of macrovascular disease also differed significantly among the groups (P<0.05). Metabolomics analysis suggested that increased levels of glutamate (Glu), phenylalanine (Phe), tyrosine (Tyr), proline (Pro), and homocysteine (Hcy) and a decreased level of glutamine (Gln) were significantly associated with cognitive impairment in the T2DM patients (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis demonstrated that Glu, Gln, Phe, and Pro levels were significant predictors of cognitive impairment in the T2DM patients. Conclusions. Age, educational level, duration of diabetes, and the levels of FBG, HbA1c, TC, TG, and 24-hour urine protein were considered as independent risk factors for cognitive impairment in older T2DM patients. Macrovascular and microvascular diseases also were closely associated with cognitive impairment in these patients. Together, Glu and Gln levels may represent a good predictive biomarker for the early diagnosis of cognitive impairment in T2DM patients.

scholarly journals En Balance: The Contribution of Physical Activity to the Efficacy of Spanish Diabetes Education of Hispanic Americans with Type 2 Diabetes

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Dequina A. Nicholas ◽  
Lorena M. Salto ◽  
Kristen Lavelle ◽  
Joy Wilson ◽  
W. Lawrence Beeson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Education Program ◽  
Mexican Americans ◽  
Diabetes Education ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Active Group

Purpose. En Balance, a culturally sensitive diabetes education program, improves glycemic control in Hispanics with type 2 diabetes. The program emphasized diet, physical activity, and other factors important for glycemic control. However, the individual contributions of these education factors are unclear. The purpose of this study is to assess the contribution of physical activity to the success of En Balance in improving the health of Mexican Americans with type 2 diabetes. Methods. A retrospective study was conducted with plasma samples collected pre- and post-3-month study. Samples from 58 (18 males and 40 females) Hispanic subjects with type 2 diabetes were analyzed for the concentration of kynurenines, known to decrease in response to exercise. After three months, health outcomes for the active group (decreased kynurenines) and the rest of the cohort were evaluated by paired Wilcoxon signed-rank test. Results. Half of the subjects had increased kynurenine levels at the end of the educational program. We found that the subjects in the active group with decreased kynurenine concentrations displayed statistically greater improvements in fasting blood glucose, A1C, cholesterol, and triglycerides despite weight loss being higher in the group with increased kynurenine concentrations. Conclusions. En Balance participants with decreased kynurenine levels had significantly improved glycemic control. These data suggest that physical activity significantly contributes to the success of the En Balance education program. This analysis indicates that diabetes public health educators should emphasize the benefit of physical activity on glycemic control even in the absence of major weight loss.

Management of Patients with Type 2 Diabetes by Pharmacists in Primary Care Clinics

1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (6) ◽  
pp. 636-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeth A Coast-Senior ◽  
Beverly A Kroner ◽  
Catherine L Kelley ◽  
Lauren E Trilli
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Primary Care ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Primary Care Clinics ◽  
Blood Glucose Concentrations

OBJECTIVE: To determine the impact of clinical pharmacists involved in direct patient care on the glycemic control of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. DESIGN: Eligible patients included those with type 2 diabetes who received insulin or were initiated on insulin therapy by the pharmacists and were willing to perform self-monitoring of blood glucose. The pharmacists provided diabetes education, medication counseling, monitoring, and insulin initiation and/or adjustments. All initial patient interactions with the pharmacists were face-to-face. Thereafter, patient–pharmacist interactions were either face-to-face or telephone contacts. SETTING: Two primary care clinics in a university-affiliated Veterans Affairs Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: Study subjects were patients with type 2 diabetes who were referred to the pharmacists by their primary care providers for better glycemic control. OUTCOME MEASURES: Primary outcome variables were changes from baseline in glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose, and random blood glucose measurements. Secondary outcomes were the number and severity of symptomatic episodes of hypoglycemia, and the number of emergency room visits or hospitalizations related to diabetes. Twenty-three veterans aged 65 ± 9.4 years completed the study. Fifteen (65%) patients were initiated on insulin by the pharmacists; 8 (35%) were already using insulin. Patients were followed for a mean ± SD of 27 ± 10 weeks. Glycosylated hemoglobin, fasting blood glucose concentrations, and random blood glucose concentrations significantly decreased from baseline by 2.2% (p = 0.00004), 65 mg/dL (p < 0.01), and 82 mg/dL (p = 0.00001), respectively. Symptomatic hypoglycemic episodes occurred in 35% of patients. None of these episodes required physician intervention. CONCLUSIONS: This study demonstrates that pharmacists working as members of interdisciplinary primary care teams can positively impact glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes requiring insulin.

The Role of Anti-obesity Drugs in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes

2013 ◽  
Vol 09 (02) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Priscilla Hollander ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Important Concern ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
The Us ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Obesity Drugs

The prevalence of diabetes continues to rise, following the rising rates of obesity. Obesity is not only associated with an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes but also an elevated probability of developing long-term complications associated with the disease. Weight gain is also an important concern as a potential side effect of therapies that improve glycemic control in diabetes, including insulin therapy. As a result, patients with type 2 diabetes are at risk for a vicious circle of increasing weight and increasing insulin resistance, thus requiring further intensification of glycemic treatment. It is therefore important to address the problem of obesity in patients with type 2 diabetes. In 2012, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved two new anti-obesity medications: lorcaserin and phentermine/topiramate extended-release. Both agents have demonstrated clinically meaningful weight reduction as well as significant improvements in glycemic control in obese patients with diabetes. Liraglutide has also shown weight loss and improvements in glycemic control in patients with diabetes. Anti-obesity drugs, in conjunction with lifestyle changes, may play a valuable role in the management of diabetes.

scholarly journals Effects of an Herbal Combination on Glycemic Control and Lipid Profile in Diabetic Women: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Clinical Trial

2017 ◽  
Vol 22 (4) ◽  
pp. 798-804 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reyhaneh Shokoohi ◽  
Saeed Kianbakht ◽  
Mohammad Faramarzi ◽  
Masoud Rahmanian ◽  
Farzaneh Nabati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Glycemic Control ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Glycosylated Hemoglobin ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Controlled Clinical Trial ◽  
Cholesterol Levels

The present study was conducted to explore the efficacy and safety of a herbal combination in the treatment of women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes. The herbal combination capsule (600 mg) contained Terminalia chebula fruit extract (200 mg), Commiphora mukul (200 mg), and Commiphora myrrha oleo-gum-resin (200 mg), and the placebo capsule contained 600 mg toast powder. The patients in one group took the herbal combination and those in the other group took placebo capsules 3 times a day for 3 months. In the herbal combination–treated patients, the fasting blood glucose, total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels were decreased and hidh-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels was increased significantly at the endpoint compared with the placebo and baseline. Other blood parameters such as glycosylated hemoglobin, triglyceride, blood urea nitrogen, creatinine, SGOT, and SGPT levels were not significantly changed after 3 months in both groups. In conclusion, the herbal combination improves glycemic control and lipid profile in women with hyperlipidemic type 2 diabetes without any adverse events.

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