I Am Aware of My Inconsistencies but Can Tolerate Them

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Itzchakov ◽  
Avraham N. Kluger ◽  
Dotan R. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Social Anxiety ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Defensive Processing ◽  
Listening Experience ◽  
Attitude Extremity ◽  
Initial Objective ◽  
Consistent Support

We examined how listeners characterized by empathy and a non-judgmental approach affect speakers’ attitude structure. We hypothesized that high quality listening decreases speakers’ social anxiety, which in turn reduces defensive processing. This reduction in defensive processing was hypothesized to result in an awareness of contradictions (increased objective-attitude ambivalence), and decreased attitude extremity. Moreover, we hypothesized that experiencing high quality listening would enable speakers to tolerate contradictory responses, such that listening would attenuate the association between objective- and subjective-attitude ambivalence. We obtained consistent support for our hypotheses across four laboratory experiments that manipulated listening experience in different ways on a range of attitude topics. The effects of listening on objective-attitude ambivalence were stronger for higher dispositional social anxiety and initial objective-attitude ambivalence (Study 4). Overall, the results suggest that speakers’ attitude structure can be changed by a heretofore unexplored interpersonal variable: merely providing high quality listening.

The Effects of Questionnaire Length and Behavioral Consequences on Careless Responding

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 410-420 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anthony M. Gibson ◽  
Nathan A. Bowling
Keyword(s):  
Self Report ◽  
Randomized Experiments ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Buffering Effect ◽  
Careless Responding ◽  
Main Effect ◽  
Limited Support ◽  
Report Data ◽  
Self Report Data ◽  
Consistent Support

Abstract. The current paper reports the results of two randomized experiments designed to test the effects of questionnaire length on careless responding (CR). Both experiments also examined whether the presence of a behavioral consequence (i.e., a reward or a punishment) designed to encourage careful responding buffers the effects of questionnaire length on CR. Collectively, our two studies found (a) some support for the main effect of questionnaire length, (b) consistent support for the main effect of the consequence manipulations, and (c) very limited support for the buffering effect of the consequence manipulations. Because the advancement of many subfields of psychology rests on the availability of high-quality self-report data, further research should examine the causes and prevention of CR.

scholarly journals Pupuk organo-kimia untuk pemupukan bibit kelapa sawit Organo-chemical fertilizer for oil palm seedling fertilization

2016 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laksmita Prima SANTI ◽  
Didiek Hadjar GOENADI
Keyword(s):  
Humic Acid ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Rock Phosphate ◽  
Economic Value ◽  
Chemical Fertilizer ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Standard Dosage ◽  
Organic C ◽  
Economic Production ◽  
Consistent Support

SummaryThe availability of high quality and quantity of oil palm seedling needs consistent support of fertilization programs for economic production.  Organo-chemical fertilizer with rock phosphate and urea added was initiated to increased economic value of agriculture and estate crops residues. The prototype of organo-chemical fertilizer has 10% organic C, 11% N, 8% P, 1% K and 4% humic acid respectively. Based on greenhouse experiments, organo-chemical fertilizer treated to oil palm seedlings tends to provide a better vegetative growth of the seedlings.  Dry weights of leave, stem, and root of the seedlings applied with 100 g organo-chemical  fertilizer plus 10 g KCl to each seedling were significantly different compared to the standard dosage conventional fertilizer. This organo-chemical fertilizer could be applied as conventional fertilizer substitute.Ringkasan        Ketersediaan bibit kelapa sawit ber-kualitas dengan kuantitas yang terus meningkat memerlukan dukungan program pemupukan yang konsisten untuk mencapai tingkat produksi yang ekonomis.  Pembuatan pupuk organo-kimia dengan penambahan  batuan fosfat dan N ditujukan untuk meningkatkan nilai ekonomi limbah pertanian dan perkebunan.  Prototipe pupuk organo-kimia ini mengandung 10% C-organik, 11% N, 8% P, 1% K dan 4% asam humik.  Pemberian 100 g pupuk organo-kimia yang ditambah 10 g KCl per bibit menghasilkan berat kering daun, batang, dan akar yang lebih baik dan berbeda nyata apabila dibandingkan dengan peng-gunaan pupuk konvensional dosis standar.  Berdasarkan hasil tersebut, prototipe pupuk organo-kimia ini dapat digunakan sebagai substitusi pupuk konvensional untuk pemupuk-an bibit kelapa sawit.    

scholarly journals Intercomparison study of six HTDMAs: results and general recommendations for HTDMA operation

2008 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 127-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Duplissy ◽  
M. Gysel ◽  
S. Sjogren ◽  
N. Meyer ◽  
N. Good ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Organic Aerosol ◽  
Smog Chamber ◽  
Differential Mobility ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Field Campaigns ◽  
Intercomparison Study

Abstract. We report on an intercomparison of six different hygroscopicity tandem differential mobility analysers (HTDMAs). These HTDMAs are used worldwide in laboratory experiments and field campaigns to measure the water uptake of aerosol particles and were never intercompared. After an investigation of the different design of the instruments with their advantages and inconveniencies, the methods for calibration, validation and data analysis are presented. Measurements of nebulised ammonium sulphate as well as of secondary organic aerosol generated from a smog chamber were performed. Agreement and discrepancies between the instrument and to the theory are discussed, and final recommendations for a standard instrument are given, as a benchmark for laboratory or field experiments to ensure a high quality of HTDMA data.

scholarly journals The EDIBLES survey II. The detectability of C60+ bands

2018 ◽  
Vol 614 ◽  
pp. A28 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Lallement ◽  
N. L. J. Cox ◽  
J. Cami ◽  
J. Smoker ◽  
A. Fahrang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gas Phase ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Wavelength Shift ◽  
Atmospheric Conditions ◽  
Echelle Spectrograph ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Stellar Spectra ◽  
Diffuse Interstellar Bands ◽  
Infra Red ◽  
The Difference

Gas phase spectroscopic laboratory experiments for the buckminsterfullerene cation C60+ have resulted in accurate rest wavelengths for five C60+ transitions that have been compared with diffuse interstellar bands (DIBs) in the near infra-red. Detecting these in astronomical spectra is difficult because of the strong contamination of ground-based spectra by atmospheric water vapor, to the presence of weak and shallow stellar lines and/or blending with other weak DIBs. The detection of the two strong bands has been claimed by several teams, and the three additional and weaker bands have been detected in a few sources. Certain recent papers have argued against the identification of C60+ based on spectral analyses claiming (i) a large variation in the ratio of the equivalent widths of the 9632 and 9577 Å bands, (ii) a large redshift of the 9632 Å band for the Orion star HD 37022, and (iii) the non-detection of the weaker 9428 Å DIB. Here we address these three points: (i) We show that the model stellar line correction for the 9632 Å DIB overestimates the difference between the strengths of the lines in giant and dwarf star spectra, casting doubts on the conclusions about the ratio variability. (ii) Using high quality stellar spectra from the ESO Diffuse Interstellar Bands Large Exploration Survey (EDIBLES), recorded with the ESO/Paranal Ultraviolet Echelle Spectrograph (UVES) in about the same atmospheric conditions, we find no wavelength shift in the 9632 Å band toward HD 37022. (iii) Using EDIBLES spectra and data from the Echelle SpectroPolarimetric Device for the Observation of Stars (ESPaDOnS) at CFHT we show that the presence of a weak 9428 Å band cannot be ruled out, even in the same observations that a previous study claimed it was not present.

scholarly journals Velocity and turbulence affected by various vegetations in open channel

2021 ◽  
Vol 248 ◽  
pp. 03078
Author(s):  
Zhilin Sun ◽  
Xin Meng ◽  
Yubao Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Energy Source ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Open Channel ◽  
Electric Energy ◽  
Hydroelectric Power ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Power Stations ◽  
Rigid Vegetation ◽  
Flexible Vegetation ◽  
Wooden Stick

Water energy is a conventional source of source that is widely available in nature. It can be easily converted into high quality secondary energy-electric energy through hydroelectric power stations. Hydropower is not only a widely used conventional energy source, but also a renewable energy source. Moreover, hydroelectric power has no pollution to the environment. Therefore, water energy is an inexhaustible and high-quality energy source among many energy sources in the world. However, vegetation can change flow structure and turbulence characteristics, impacting the use of water energy. In previous researches, few studies have focused on the comparison of velocity and turbulence influenced by various vegetations. Therefore, laboratory experiments were carried out to investigate hydrodynamics affected by submerged rigid vegetation (reed and wooden stick) and merged flexible vegetation (grass and chlorella) under different conditions. The time-averaged velocity distributions of planted floodplain are not logarithmic. Instead, reed and wooden stick followed an “S-shape” profile, but for grass and chlorella, they presented reverse S-shape profile. For all cases, turbulence is not isotropic and the change law of turbulence intensity is different in different sections.

Forced alignment for Nordic languages: Rapidly constructing a high-quality prototype

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-27
Author(s):  
Nathan J. Young ◽  
Michael McGarrah
Keyword(s):  
Hidden Markov Models ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Markov Models ◽  
Hidden Markov ◽  
Spontaneous Speech ◽  
Read Aloud ◽  
Rapid Adaptation ◽  
Sufficient Time ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Surface Changes

Abstract We propose a rapid adaptation of FAVE-Align to the Nordic languages, and we offer our own adaptation to Swedish as a template. This study is motivated by the fact that researchers of lesser-studied languages often neither have sufficient speech material nor sufficient time to train a forced aligner. Faced with a similar problem, we made a limited number of surface changes to FAVE-Align so that it – along with its original hidden Markov models for English – could be used on Stockholm Swedish. We tested the performance of this prototype on the three main sociolects of Stockholm Swedish and found that read-aloud alignments met all of the minimal benchmarks set by the literature. Spontaneous-speech alignments met three of the four minimal benchmarks. We conclude that an adaptation such as ours would especially suit laboratory experiments in Nordic phonetics that rely on elicited speech.

4. Computational systems biology

2020 ◽  
pp. 35-55
Author(s):  
Eberhard O. Voit
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Systems Biology ◽  
Mathematical Models ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Quality Data ◽  
Human Intelligence ◽  
Computational Systems Biology ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Quality Data ◽  
Computational Systems

The new methods of —omics biology, combined with more traditional experiments, have the capacity of generating more high-quality data than ever before. So, why isn’t that sufficient? What is missing? The missing aspects arise from subtle, but important differences between data, information, knowledge, and understanding. ‘Computational systems biology’ explains how laboratory experiments generate data, whereas understanding additionally requires significant human intelligence and knowledge. Computational systems biology (CSB) attempts to bridge the gap between data and understanding. It uses a pipeline from data to understanding that consists of two toolsets: machine learning and mathematical models. The most useful of these models in CSB fall into two categories: static networks and dynamic biological systems.

Kinect-Based Universal Range Sensor for Laboratory Experiments

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mingshao Zhang ◽  
Zhou Zhang ◽  
El-Sayed Aziz ◽  
Sven K. Esche ◽  
Constantin Chassapis
Keyword(s):  
Object Recognition ◽  
Motion Tracking ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Object Motion ◽  
Microsoft Kinect ◽  
Prototype System ◽  
High Quality ◽  
Range Sensor ◽  
Depth Data

The Microsoft Kinect is part of a wave of new sensing technologies. Its RGB-D camera is capable of providing high quality synchronized video of both color and depth data. Compared to traditional 3-D tracking techniques that use two separate RGB cameras’ images to calculate depth data, the Kinect is able to produce more robust and reliable results in object recognition and motion tracking. Also, due to its low cost, the Kinect provides more opportunities for use in many areas compared to traditional more expensive 3-D scanners. In order to use the Kinect as a range sensor, algorithms must be designed to first recognize objects of interest and then track their motions. Although a large number of algorithms for both 2-D and 3-D object detection have been published, reliable and efficient algorithms for 3-D object motion tracking are rare, especially using Kinect as a range sensor. In this paper, algorithms for object recognition and tracking that can make use of both RGB and depth data in different scenarios are introduced. Subsequently, efficient methods for scene segmentation including background and noise filtering are discussed. Taking advantage of those two kinds of methods, a prototype system that is capable of working efficiently and stably in various applications related to educational laboratories is presented.

scholarly journals First Genome-Scale Metabolic Model of Dolosigranulum pigrum Confirms Multiple Auxotrophies

Metabolites ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 232
Author(s):  
Alina Renz ◽  
Lina Widerspick ◽  
Andreas Dräger
Keyword(s):  
Minimal Medium ◽  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Metabolic Model ◽  
High Quality ◽  
High Importance ◽  
Manual Curation ◽  
A Genome ◽  
Severe Infections ◽  
Genome Scale

Dolosigranulum pigrum is a quite recently discovered Gram-positive coccus. It has gained increasing attention due to its negative correlation with Staphylococcus aureus, which is one of the most successful modern pathogens causing severe infections with tremendous morbidity and mortality due to its multiple resistances. As the possible mechanisms behind its inhibition of S. aureus remain unclear, a genome-scale metabolic model (GEM) is of enormous interest and high importance to better study its role in this fight. This article presents the first GEM of D. pigrum, which was curated using automated reconstruction tools and extensive manual curation steps to yield a high-quality GEM. It was evaluated and validated using all currently available experimental data of D. pigrum. With this model, already predicted auxotrophies and biosynthetic pathways could be verified. The model was used to define a minimal medium for further laboratory experiments and to predict various carbon sources’ growth capacities. This model will pave the way to better understand D. pigrum’s role in the fight against S. aureus.

Perceived Responsiveness Increases Tolerance of Attitude Ambivalence and Enhances Intentions to Behave in an Open-Minded Manner

2020 ◽  
pp. 014616722092921 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guy Itzchakov ◽  
Harry T. Reis
Keyword(s):  
Laboratory Experiments ◽  
The Self ◽  
Diary Study ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Attitude Object ◽  
Perceived Responsiveness ◽  
Behavior Intentions ◽  
Initial Attitude ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
Consistent Support

Can perceived responsiveness, the belief that meaningful others attend to and react supportively to core defining feature of the self, shape the structure of attitudes? We predicted that perceived responsiveness fosters open-mindedness, which, in turn, allows people to be simultaneously aware of opposing evaluations of an attitude object. We also hypothesized that this process will result in behavior intentions to consider multiple perspectives about the topic. Furthermore, we predicted that perceived responsiveness will enable people to tolerate accessible opposing evaluations without feeling discomfort. We found consistent support for our hypotheses in four laboratory experiments (Studies 1–3, 5) and a diary study (Study 4). Moreover, we found that perceived responsiveness reduces the perception that one’s initial attitude is correct and valid. These findings indicate that attitude structure and behavior intentions can be changed by an interpersonal variable, unrelated to the attitude itself.

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