State Legislation Restricting and Enabling Local Governments in an Era of Preemption

2021 ◽  
pp. 0160323X2110384
Author(s):  
Keith Boeckelman ◽  
Jonathan Day
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Divided Government ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
State Legislation ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data

This paper assesses state efforts to both restrict and enable local government discretion by using data from Project Vote Smart's “Key Votes” database. The results show that state legislation, both successful and unsuccessful, is more likely to limit local autonomy than to enhance it, although both tendencies occur. Republican legislators are more likely to support efforts to restrict discretion than Democrats are. Further, preemption attempts are particularly evident on “hot button” issues, such as guns, sexuality and gender roles, and immigration, although such initiatives are not necessarily more likely to successfully become law, especially under conditions of divided government.

Socio-Technical Determinants of Information Security Perceptions in US Local Governments

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-20
Author(s):  
Eunjung Shin ◽  
Eric W. Welch
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Information Security ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Security Policy ◽  
Organizational Design ◽  
Online Media ◽  
Electronic Information ◽  
Security Risks ◽  
Decentralized Decision Making ◽  
Using Data

Concerns about electronic information security in government have increased alongside increased use of online media. However, to date, few studies have examined the social mechanisms influencing electronic information security. This article applies a socio-technical framework to model how technical, organizational and environmental complexities limit electronic information security perceived by local government managers. Furthermore, it examines to what extent organizational design buffers security risks. Using data from a 2010 national survey of local government managers, this article empirically tests the proposed model in the context of U.S. local government's online media use. Findings show that, in addition to technical complexity, organizational and environmental complexities are negatively associated with local managers' awareness of and confidence in electronic information security. On the other hand, internal security policy and decentralized decision-making appear to buffer security risks and enhance perceived information security.

The Effects of Attitudes Toward Family Life and Gender Roles on Marital Satisfaction

1993 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 157-188 ◽  
Author(s):  
DIANE N. LYE ◽  
TIMOTHY J. BIBLARZ
Keyword(s):  
Marital Satisfaction ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Gender Role ◽  
Empirical Analysis ◽  
Family Life ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Family Attitudes ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

This study examines the relationship between the gender role and family attitudes of husbands and wives and five indicators of marital satisfaction. The authors argue that men and women who espouse nontraditional attitudes are likely to be less satisfied than their more traditional counterparts. An empirical analysis is presented using data from husbands and wives interviewed in the 1987-88 National Survey of Families and Households. Husbands and wives who hold nontraditional attitudes toward family life are less satisfied with their marriages, as are men and women whose attitudes diverge from their spouse's attitudes. The effects of attitudes did not vary according to the actual gender roles observed by the couple.

scholarly journals Dreamers in dialogue: evolution, sex and gender in the utopian visions of William Morris and William Henry Hudson

2013 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 65-80
Author(s):  
Caterina Novák
Keyword(s):  
Nineteenth Century ◽  
Gender Roles ◽  
Late Nineteenth Century ◽  
Sex And Gender ◽  
Active Engagement ◽  
William Morris ◽  
Sexuality And Gender ◽  
William Henry Hudson ◽  
Late Nineteenth ◽  
And Gender

The aim of this article is to explore the parallels between two late-nineteenth-century utopias,William Henry Hudsons A Crystal Age (1882) and William Morriss News from Nowhere (1891). Itaims to explore how these two works respond to the transition from a kinetic to a static conception ofutopia that under pressure from evolutionary and feminist discourses took place during the period.Particular focus lies on the way in which this is negotiated through the depiction of evolution, sexuality,and gender roles in the respective novels, and how the depiction of these disruptive elements may workas a means of ensuring the readers active engagement in political, intellectual and emotional terms.

scholarly journals Oblique-change matters: ‘bradyseismic’ institutional change in local government

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-19
Author(s):  
Silvia Bolgherini ◽  
Andrea Lippi
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Institutional Change ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Considerable Extent ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Profound Change

Abstract In the last 30 years, Local Governments all over Europe experienced an intense season of institutional change of unprecedented width and intensity. This paper focuses on a neglected type of institutional change, a more indirect one – here labeled oblique-change – that however strongly influences the overall LG institutional change and local autonomy. Taking 2012 as the climax of the austerity period in Europe and Italy as a pilot case for future comparisons, this article shows that oblique-change matters to a considerable extent, and that it is much more frequent and highly impacting than expected. Moreover, it argues that bradyseismic adjustments provoked by oblique-change may turn out in an equally profound change of the local government's asset, as that induced by major reforms.

Does local autonomy facilitate local government reform initiatives? Evidence from Switzerland

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (4) ◽  
pp. 426-447 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicolas Keuffer
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
Secondary Data ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Comparative Approach ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
Local Policy ◽  
Reform Initiatives ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Structural Problems

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate to what extent the initiatives of local governments to launch modernisation processes are facilitated by local autonomy, which is increasingly important in both the theory and practice of public policy and management. Design/methodology/approach Local government reforms are distinguished according to the institutional structure at which they are directed and local autonomy is assessed as a multidimensional concept. Drawing on a multilevel analysis of the Swiss case, this paper combines data stemming from a survey conducted at the local tier with secondary data from the regional tier. Findings The main empirical findings are threefold. First, when local governments undertake managerial or political reform initiatives, their autonomy with respect to higher levels of government matters. Second, it is not local autonomy but rather the perception of structural problems that is the force driving territorial reforms. Third, it is not the autonomy enjoyed by local governments vis-à-vis local factors, but rather the pressures stemming from that context that may lead to reforms. Originality/value By adopting a comparative approach to local autonomy, this paper shows that local governments which have sufficient latitude for local policy making are likely to take initiatives to improve service delivery in accordance with local preferences.

scholarly journals Social norms of sexual initiation among adolescents and gender relations

2009 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 94-100 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ana Luiza Vilela Borges ◽  
Eunice Nakamura
Keyword(s):  
Gender Roles ◽  
Social Norms ◽  
Gender Relations ◽  
Gender Issues ◽  
Sexual Initiation ◽  
Sexual Relation ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Moment

This study aimed to identify standards and expectations regarding sexual initiation of 14 to 18 year-old adolescents in Sao Paulo, SP, Brazil, using data from four focal groups conducted in 2006. Results revealed that gender issues are clearly present in participants' reports and showed to be essential in their choices about the moment, partners and contraceptive practices in the first sexual relation. Adolescents are subordinated to gender roles, traditionally attributed to male and female genders, i.e. the notion that sex is an uncontrolled instinct for boys, and intrinsically and closely associated to love and desire for girls. Adolescents also play a preponderant role in the perpetuation of these values within the group they live in.

scholarly journals An Empirical Study for the Establishment of Desirable Relation Between the Local Council and the Local Executive

1994 ◽  
Vol 9 (0) ◽  
pp. 171-186
Author(s):  
Chi-Woon Kim
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Public Service ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Central Government ◽  
Local Elections ◽  
Local Autonomy ◽  
New Era ◽  
Local Council ◽  
Initial Stage

The re-introduction of legislative bodies at two levels of local government in April and July 1991 through the local elections opened the new era of local autonomy. Local autonomy means the management of local affairs by local government, not the central authority, using local organs. Theoretically, there are several essential advantages of local autonomy : first, it will increase the extent of citizens' participation in local affairs ; second, it will produce effective public service because local governments are more responsive to local demands and more accountable to local inhabitants ; and third, it will function as a means of checking and balancing the central government. In spite of much negative aspects of the initial stage of the two years' experience on local autonomy, our local autonomy system is now being settled in high speed, especially with the launching of Kim Young-sam Administration into the sea of democracy.

scholarly journals State Legislative Ideology & the Preemption of City Ordinances: The Case of Worker Rights Laws

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christopher B Goodman
Keyword(s):  
Local Government ◽  
Government Policy ◽  
Local Governments ◽  
The State ◽  
Worker Rights ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Legislative Activity ◽  
Using Data ◽  
State Legislative ◽  
Local Government Policy

This article discusses the influence of state legislative ideology on the legislative preemption of local ordinances in the area of worker rights. States define the powers of local governments within their purview and states may use this power to restrict local governments from pursuing certain policies. Using data on state legislative activity and ideology from 1993 to 2016, I find within-state increases in legislative ideology, indicating increased legislative conservatism, associated with an increased risk of preempting local government policy, all else equal. This finding is robust to a number of alternate specifications and hypotheses. Ideology appears to play an important role in the decision to involve the state in the affairs of local governments.

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