Curriculum Viability Indicators: A Delphi Study to Determine Standards and Inhibitors of a Curriculum

2020 ◽  
pp. 016327872093416
Author(s):  
Rehan Ahmed Khan ◽  
Annemarie Spruijt ◽  
Usman Mahboob ◽  
Mohamed Al Eraky ◽  
Jeroen J. G. van Merrienboer
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Curriculum Evaluation ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Leadership Assessment ◽  
Faculty Leadership ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Communication And Technology

Curriculum evaluation is typically done by using quality standards defined by accrediting bodies. This does not include inhibitors that hinder the achievement of standards. Hence, to address both standards and inhibitors, we have coined the new concept of “curriculum viability.” This study establishes consensus among experts on curriculum viability indicators, i.e. standards and inhibitors, and aims to provide a framework for evaluating the curriculum viability. The study was done in two phases. In the first phase, a consensus was established on the curriculum viability indicators using the Modified Delphi Technique using two rounds. In the first round of the Delphi process, 25 experts participated, which were reduced to 19 in the second round. After two rounds, experts developed a consensus on 40 out of 44 items. These included 27 standards and 13 inhibitors. In the second phase, 18 experts rank-ordered the indicators according to their relative importance in the areas of educational content and strategies, faculty, leadership, assessment, students, educational/working environment, communication, and technology. The list of indicators provides a framework for evaluating the curriculum viability, and their ordering enables curriculum managers to prioritize them during curriculum evaluation.

Determining Highly Desirable Traits of an Effective Emotional Freedom Techniques Practitioner: A Delphi Study

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 13-25
Author(s):  
Peta Stapleton ◽  
Hannah Chatwin
Keyword(s):  
Content Analysis ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Delphi Technique ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Delphi Approach ◽  
Core Elements ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique ◽  
Emotional Freedom Techniques ◽  
Many Core

Due to the distinct lack of definition surrounding the desirable attributes of an effective Emotional Freedom Techniques (EFT) practitioner, this study utilized a modified Delphi technique to explore this. This method is designed to achieve a consensus amongst skilled panelists when an accepted body of literature is lacking. A three-round modified Delphi approach was used and participants were skilled in delivering EFT as a practitioner (N = 22). The first round was an open-ended series of questions derived from the literature, and responses to these initial questions were analyzed using content analysis (nVivo), with common themes identified and grouped together. These themes were then utilized to develop more specific quantitative questions (Likert format) to be used in the subsequent rounds. Consensus was set at 75% agreement on an item and was reached for 11 out of the 15 traits of an effective EFT practitioner identified in round 1. Consensus was also reached for seven out of the eight traits of an ineffective EFT practitioner, but was not reached for many core elements in training. These included adequate training, knowledge of other energy techniques, and the use of structured interviews, among other issues. Consensus was also not reached for the use of screening processes prior to training. These results are discussed in terms of standardization in EFT

scholarly journals Developing a hospital accreditation model: a Delphi study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Mohammad Mosadeghrad ◽  
Fatemeh Ghazanfari
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Accreditation Body ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Senior Managers ◽  
Hospital Accreditation ◽  
University Professors ◽  
Military Hospitals ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique

Abstract Background Hospital accreditation (HA) is an external evaluation of a hospital’s structures, processes and results by an independent professional accreditation body using pre-established optimum standards. The Iranian hospital accreditation system faces several challenges. The overall aim of this study was to develop a model for Iran national hospital accreditation program. Methods This research uses the modified Delphi technique to develop and verify a model of hospital accreditation. The first draft of the HA model was introduced through a critical review of 20 pioneer accreditation models and semi-structured interviews with 151 key informants from Public, private, semi-public, charity and military hospitals in Iran. Three rounds of Delphi were conducted with 28 experts of hospital accreditation to verify the proposed model. Panel members were selected from authors of research articles and key speakers in the area of hospital accreditation, senior managers of the country’s health system, university professors in the fields of health policy and management across the country. Results A comprehensive model for hospital accreditation was introduced and verified in this study. The HA model has ten constructs of which seven are enablers (“Management and leadership”, “Planning”, “Education and Research”, “employee management”, “patient management”, “resource management”, and “process management”) and three are the results (“employee results”, “patient and society results” and “hospital results”). These constructs were further broken into 43 sub-constructs. The enablers and results scored 65 and 35% of the model’s total scores respectively. Then, about 150 accreditation standards were written and verified. Conclusions A comprehensive hospital accreditation model was developed and verified. Proper attention to structures, processes and outcomes and systemic thinking during the development of the model is one of the advantages of the hospital accreditation model developed in this study. Hospital accreditation bodies can use this model to develop or revise their hospital accreditation models.

Classification of Patients for whom benefit no longer outweighs harm of long-term opioid therapy: Protocol for a Delphi study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raymond Van Cleve ◽  
Sara Edmond ◽  
Jennifer Snow ◽  
Anne Black ◽  
Jamie Pommeranz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chronic Pain ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Opioid Therapy ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Veterans Health ◽  
Health Administration ◽  
Opioid Dependency ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique

UNSTRUCTURED Introduction: Patients with chronic pain who have been prescribed long term opioid therapies often come to a point where the benefits of their therapy are out weighted by the risks associated with taking such a high dose of opioid medication. These patients need to taper off their opioid therapy while simultaneously treating their chronic pain. At the 2019 Veterans' Health Administration State of the Art Conference, there was an acknowledgment of a lack of clinical guidance with regards to treating this subset of patients. Some of the participants believed clinicians and patients would both benefit from a new diagnostic entity describing this situation where patients needed to have their opioid dependency and chronic pain simultaneously treated. Given the ability of a Delphi method to synthesize input from a broad range of experts, we felt this technique could be used to determine if a new diagnostic entity was needed and what the criteria of the diagnostic entity would be. Methods: This would be a modified Delphi technique involving three rounds. The first round would be a series of open ended questions asking about the necessity of this diagnostic entity, how this condition is different from OUD, and what it's possible diagnostic criteria would be. After synthesizing the responses collected, a second round would be conducted to ask participants to rate the different responses offered by their peers. These ratings would be collected, analyzed, and would generate a final potential definition for this clinical phenomena. In the third round we would circulate this definition and would hopefully gain consensus. Dissemination: This protocol has been approved by the Internal Review Board at the Connecticut VA and the study is in process. We hope that other researchers can use this protocol to conduct similar studies and further explore how patients with concurrent chronic pain and opioid dependency can be best served.

scholarly journals Current research priorities for UK occupational physicians and occupational health researchers: a modified Delphi study

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (11) ◽  
pp. 830-836 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drushca Lalloo ◽  
Evangelia Demou ◽  
Julia Smedley ◽  
Ira Madan ◽  
Kaveh Asanati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Occupational Health ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Research Priorities ◽  
Research Strategy ◽  
Occupational Physicians ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Effectiveness Studies

ObjectivesStudies identifying national occupational health (OH) research priorities have been conducted in several countries to establish where OH research should be focused and where funding should be targeted. However, the UK findings are now over 20 years old, and OH practice is continuously evolving. The aim of this study was to identify current research priorities for UK occupational physicians (OPs) and occupational health researchers (OHRs).MethodsCurrent research priorities in OH were identified using a modified Delphi technique. This was conducted in two rounds to achieve consensus. Research priorities were rated, and then ranked using questionnaires developed from expert panel discussions, key research topics identified from the medical literature and participant feedback. Overall and intergroup comparisons were completed for the ranking scores.ResultsConsensus among OPs and OHRs was high with almost all (9/10) primary domains rated as ‘very important’ or ‘absolutely necessary’ by more than 54% of respondents. The research priority areas ranked highest were jointly economic evaluation/cost effectiveness studies and disability management followed by occupational disease/injury/illness. Occupational health policy was ranked lowest after sickness absence management and health promotion. The secondary domain analysis identified priority emphasis on mental health and psychosocial hazards within the workplace and the need to further develop evidence-based guidance for clinical OH practice.ConclusionsWe identified the current research priorities for UK OPs and OHRs. The findings will inform future national OH research strategy and support research that addresses important knowledge gaps within OH and other interdisciplinary specialties.

scholarly journals The workplace satisfaction of Romania’s medical personnel in state and public institutions

2017 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 411-417
Author(s):  
Cristina Ghenu
Keyword(s):  
Working Conditions ◽  
Medical Personnel ◽  
Public Institutions ◽  
Working Environment ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Workplace Satisfaction ◽  
Working Environments ◽  
Qualified Personnel ◽  
Two Phases

Abstract Nowadays the Romanian medical system is facing changes in terms of qualified personnel. Each year a great number of doctors decide to leave Romania in order to conduct practice in other countries with better working conditions. In this situation where doctors are no longer pleased to work in Romanian institutions, can we question the quality of their working environment? This study aims to determine the workplace satisfaction of Romania’s medical personnel currently working in private as well as state healthcare institutions. In this process, the study also discloses the inside image of Romanian medical units concerning the quality of the working environment, the quality of communications between subordinates belonging to the same section as well as their relations with their „direct superior”, „hierarchic superior” and „senior management”. To construct the current research, Romanian medical personnel completed a survey in order to determine their knowledge and judgment regarding their working environment. The research implied two phases: the first phase lasted one month and a half during which 100 medical personnel from a public hospital were selected to answer a survey; the second phase followed and it targeted the application of the same questions on 100 medical personnel working in a private institution. The survey comprised situations of everyday life in which any employee can be found. The results reveal the present situation of Romanian medical personnel, how often, despite of their unpleasant working conditions, they are forced to give their best in order to provide the quality medical treatment that any patient is entitled to. Therefore, the findings (1) reveal the inside image of Romanian hospital’s system and (2) offer an empirical foundation for subsequent research and improvement of working environments in Romanian hospitals.

scholarly journals The Physical Attributes Most Required in Professional Ballet: A Delphi Study

2018 ◽  
Vol 03 (01) ◽  
pp. E1-E5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moira McCormack ◽  
Howard Bird ◽  
Akbar de Medici ◽  
Fares Haddad ◽  
Jane Simmonds
Keyword(s):  
Delphi Study ◽  
Survey Question ◽  
Ballet Dancers ◽  
Anatomy And Physiology ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique ◽  
Physical Attributes ◽  
Classical Ballet ◽  
Initial Survey ◽  
International Experts

Abstract Background It is commonly accepted that dancers are undoubtedly athletes, with ballet perhaps the most demanding dance form. No previous study has sought to define the physical attributes most desired for classical ballet by professional companies and vocational schools. These are likely to include both aesthetic features and attributes that reduce the risk of injury as well as enhance performance. Method An initial survey question using the modified Delphi technique was sent using Opinio Survey Software to a selected international expert panel. This was drawn both from those involved in selection of elite professional ballet dancers, and the international medical professionals involved in the care of dancers. The first questionnaire was open-ended to scope for all the physical attributes most favoured by the professional experts. Results There were 148 responses from the panel of international experts. In total 34 physical attributes were suggested. The 2 most recommended physical criteria for selection into the profession were overall flexibility and overall strength. These results are discussed in the context of the published literature on the mechanics, anatomy and physiology of ballet. Conclusion Flexibility and strength are the 2 features most sought after in elite ballet dancers.

scholarly journals Identifying competencies for future graphic design graduates in Malaysia: A Delphi study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 12-23
Author(s):  
Shaw-Chiang Wong ◽  
◽  
Muhammad Zaffwan Idris ◽  
Wee-Chuen Tan ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Graphic Design ◽  
Delphi Study ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Effective Work ◽  
Entry Level ◽  
Ethical Competence ◽  
Modified Delphi ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Modified Delphi Technique ◽  
Technical Production

Traditionally, graphic design (GD) education focuses on the training of technical production skills to prepare graduates for entry-level employment. However, due to the new challenges and the expanding opportunities of emerging practices, GD graduates are expected to master a wide range of additional competencies beyond traditional scope. The study aims to identify the competencies required by future GD graduates in the context of Malaysia. A two-round modified Delphi technique was used to gain consensus from a panel of experts consisted of design educators and industry practitioners regarding the competencies needed by the graduates for effective work performance. A total of 108 competencies were generated. All accepted competencies were ranked ‘very important’ and ‘extremely important’ by at least 75 percent of the respondents in Round Two. These competencies could be classified into 29 subdomains under five components, i.e., cognitive competence, functional competence, personal competence, ethical competence, and meta-competencies. The findings of this study are useful for enhancing the education and employability of graphic designers as they provide a common vocabulary to relevant stakeholders about the standards of performance for new entrants to the GD profession.

Accurate Detection and Quantization of Leaf- Diseases through Soft Computing

2018 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-247
Author(s):  
Divya Srivastava ◽  
Rajitha B. ◽  
Suneeta Agarwal
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Image Processing ◽  
Agricultural Production ◽  
Bacterial Blight ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Computationally Efficient ◽  
Stage Of Disease ◽  
Accurate Detection ◽  
Two Phases

Diseases in leaves can cause the significant reduction in both quality and quantity of agricultural production. If early and accurate detection of disease/diseases in leaves can be automated, then the proper remedy can be taken timely. A simple and computationally efficient approach is presented in this paper for disease/diseases detection on leaves. Only detecting the disease is not beneficial without knowing the stage of disease thus the paper also determine the stage of disease/diseases by quantizing the affected of the leaves by using digital image processing and machine learning. Though there exists a variety of diseases on leaves, but the bacterial and fungal spots (Early Scorch, Late Scorch, and Leaf Spot) are the most prominent diseases found on leaves. Keeping this in mind the paper deals with the detection of Bacterial Blight and Fungal Spot both at an early stage (Early Scorch) and late stage (Late Scorch) on the variety of leaves. The proposed approach is divided into two phases, in the first phase, it identifies one or more disease/diseases existing on leaves. In the second phase, amount of area affected by the disease/diseases is calculated. The experimental results obtained showed 97% accuracy using the proposed approach.

Representação e simbolismo: artes visuais na fronteira Brasil/Bolívia

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 286
Author(s):  
Paulo César Antonini de Souza ◽  
Derick Trindade Bezerra
Keyword(s):  
Visual Arts ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Border Region ◽  
Second Phase ◽  
Two Dimensional ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Cultural Conditions ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
America Latina

ResumoTendo por campo de investigação o Festival da América do Sul Pantanal (FASP) em 2018, na cidade de Corumbá (Brasil), objetiva-se identificar a materialidade e conceitos que permeiam as manifestações artísticas bidimensionais nesta região de fronteira, a partir da percepção de artistas da Bolívia. A pesquisa se organizou em duas fases: na primeira foi realizado um levantamento em plataformas online de produções acadêmicas em artes visuais, com foco no trabalho bidimensional, utilizando os descritores “arte popular” e “estética latina” resultando em três artigos. Na segunda fase foram selecionados dois trabalhos de uma artista da Bolívia, participante da mostra “Conexão Santa Cruz”, realizada durante o FASP 2018, que foram analisados em seus níveis representacional e simbólico. Pela interpretação das imagens foi possível construir uma leitura sobre a perspectiva da artista a respeito de suas condições culturais dentro da ordenação social em que se encontra situada.Palavras-chave: Artes Visuais. Arte Popular. Arte Regional. América Latina. Representation and symbolism: visual arts on the Brazil/Bolivia frontierAbstractHaving as research field the Festival da América do Sul Pantanal (FASP) in 2018, in the city of Corumbá (Brazil), the objective is to identify the materiality and concepts that permeate the two-dimensional artistic manifestations in this border region, from the perception of artists from Bolivia. The research was organized in two phases: in the first, a survey was carried out on online platforms of academic productions in visual arts, focusing on two-dimensional work, using the descriptors “arte popular” and “estética latina” resulting in three articles. In the second phase, two works were selected by an artist from Bolivia, participating in the exhibition “Conexão Santa Cruz”, held during FASP 2018, which were analyzed at their representational and symbolic levels. Through the interpretation of the images, it was possible to construct a reading on the artist’s perspective regarding her cultural conditions within the social order in which she is located.Keywords: Visual Arts. Folk Art. Regional Art. Latin America.Representación y simbolismo: artes visuales en la frontera de Brasil/BoliviaResumenTeniendo como campo de investigación el Festival de Sudamérica Pantanal (FASP) en 2018, en la ciudad de Corumbá (Brasil), el objetivo es identificar la materialidad y conceptos que permean las manifestaciones artísticas bidimensionales en esta región fronteriza, desde la percepción de artistas de Bolivia. La investigación se organizó en dos fases: en la primera, se realizó una encuesta en plataformas online de producciones académicas en artes visuales, con foco en el trabajo bidimensional, utilizando los descriptores “arte popular” y “estética latina” dando como resultado tres artículos. En la segunda fase, dos obras fueron seleccionadas por un artista de Bolivia, participante de la exposición “Conexão Santa Cruz”, realizada durante FASP 2018, que fueron analizadas en sus niveles representativos y simbólicos. A través de la interpretación de las imágenes, fue posible construir una lectura sobre la perspectiva de la artista sobre sus condiciones culturales dentro del orden social en el que se ubica.Palabras clave: Artes Visuales. Arte Popular. Arte Regional. América Latina.

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