Pathways to Childlessness

2007 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1338-1361 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gunhild O. Hagestad ◽  
Vaughn R. A. Call
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Central Question ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Life History Data ◽  
Education And Employment ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home ◽  
Employment Data ◽  
Shed Light

In this article life history data from the U.S. National Survey of Families and Households (NSFH), and the Dutch survey on Older Adults' Living Arrangements and Social Networks (NESTOR-LSN) are used to shed light on the various pathways leading to and associated with childlessness, and the proportions of men and women who have followed a particular pathway (e.g., marrying late, divorcing early, never leaving the parental home). The central question is whether the childless took different routes during early adulthood in the domains of family, education, and employment. Data point to the critical importance of transition timing, especially with regard to leaving the parental home and marrying. Delayed transitions had domino effects and blocked second chances at securing an economic base and becoming a parent.

scholarly journals Associations of early adulthood life transitions with changes in fast food intake: a latent trajectory analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Eleanor M. Winpenny ◽  
Megan R. Winkler ◽  
Jan Stochl ◽  
Esther M. F. van Sluijs ◽  
Nicole Larson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Intake ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Early Adulthood ◽  
Life Transitions ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Major Life ◽  
Full Time Employment ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home ◽  
Major Life Transitions

Abstract Background Early adulthood is a period of rapid personal development when individuals experience major life transitions (e.g. leaving the parental home, leaving education, beginning employment, cohabitation and parenthood). Changes in social and physical environments associated with these transitions may influence development of health-related behaviours. Consumption of fast food is one behaviour associated with poor diet and long-term health outcomes. In this study we assess how frequency of fast food consumption changes across early adulthood, and how major life transitions are associated with changes in fast food intake. Methods Data were collected across four waves of the Project EAT study, from mean age 14.9 (SD = 1.6) to mean age 31.1 (SD = 1.6) years. Participants reporting data at two or more waves were included (n = 2902). Participants reported past week frequency of eating food from a fast food restaurant and responded to questions on living arrangements, education and employment participation, and having children. To assess changes in fast food we developed a latent growth model incorporating an underlying trajectory of fast food intake, five life transitions, and time-invariant covariates. Results Mean fast food intake followed an underlying quadratic trajectory, increasing through adolescence to a maximum of 1.88 (SE 0.94) times/week and then decreasing again through early adulthood to 0.76 (SE 2.06) times/week at wave 4. Beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent both contributed to increases in fast food intake, each resulting in an average increase in weekly fast food intake of 0.16 (p < 0.01) times/week. Analysis of changes between pairs of waves revealed stronger associations for these two transitions between waves 1–2 (mean age 14.9–19.4 years) than seen in later waves. Leaving the parental home and beginning cohabitation were associated with decreases in fast food intake of − 0.17 (p = 0.004) and − 0.16 (p = 0.007) times/week respectively, while leaving full-time education was not associated with any change. Conclusions The transitions of beginning full-time employment and becoming a parent were associated with increases in fast food intake. Public health policy or interventions designed to reduce fast food intake in young adults may benefit from particular focus on populations experiencing these transitions, to ameliorate their impact.

scholarly journals Ambivalence in adulthood: Leaving the parental home

2016 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 5-14
Author(s):  
Celia Regina HENRIQUES ◽  
Terezinha FÉRES-CARNEIRO ◽  
Andrea Seixas MAGALHÃES
Keyword(s):  
Young Adults ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Leaving Home ◽  
Long Period ◽  
Living Together ◽  
Relational Space ◽  
Gains And Losses ◽  
The City ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home

Abstract The purpose of this study was to understand the articulation of dialogues during the emerging adult's leaving home process including the problematization and tensions involved. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 middle-class young adults, aged 26 to 36, who still lived with their parents in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Several categories emerged from the content analysis, among which three are presented in this article: apprehension concerning the relational space, agreements and negotiations, and the perceptions of leaving the parental home. It was verified that leaving the parental home is a dynamic process negotiated between family members. It became evident that the gains and losses from living together for a long period of time are part of an ambivalent relational environment. The time necessary for the development of parent-children relationship cannot be determined chronologically since it is the time necessary for the subjects to understand themselves at a relational level.

scholarly journals Associations of living arrangements with symptoms and functioning in schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Mei San Ang ◽  
Gurpreet Rekhi ◽  
Jimmy Lee
Keyword(s):  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Family Education ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
The Social ◽  
Independent Variable ◽  
Symptomatic Remission ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Conducive Environment

Abstract Background Living arrangements and accommodation are closely related, but no study had concurrently investigated their associations with outcomes in schizophrenia. This study seeks to describe and compare socio-demographic, clinical and functioning profiles of people with schizophrenia in different living arrangements and accommodation, and to examine the associations of living arrangements and accommodation with symptomatic remission and functioning. Methods Community dwelling outpatients with schizophrenia (n = 276) were inquired on living arrangements, accommodation, socio-demographics and assessed on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) and the Social and Occupational Functioning Scale (SOFAS). Socio-demographics, symptoms and functioning of outpatients in different living arrangements and accommodation were compared. Symptomatic remission was investigated using logistic regression with living arrangements, socio-demographics and clinical variables as independent variables. Functioning was investigated using multiple regression with the same set of independent variables and the addition of PANSS factors. The same analyses were conducted with accommodation as independent variable. Results 185 (67.03%) participants lived with family and 195 (70.65%) participants lived in owned accommodation. People living with their spouses had significantly higher SOFAS, lower PANSS Total and PANSS Positive than people living with family, independently, or in rehabilitation centres. They also had lower PANSS Negative than people living with family and a higher likelihood to have achieved symptomatic remission. Types of accommodation was not associated with symptoms, symptomatic remission, and functioning. Conclusion Living arrangements, but not types of accommodation, were associated with symptoms and functioning in schizophrenia. Family education and support is important to help maintain a conducive environment for people with schizophrenia. People living independently may need more support.

La lenta affermazione delle convivenze prematrimoniali in Italia

2013 ◽  
pp. 53-62
Author(s):  
Monica Santoro
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Life Course ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Financial Condition ◽  
Functional Aspects ◽  
The Life Course ◽  
Religious Aspects ◽  
Depth Interviews ◽  
Leaving The Parental Home ◽  
Instrumental Reasons

The aim of this article is to investigate the phenomenon of cohabitation in Italy through Istat data on the cohabitation trends in the last decades and the results of a qualitative research, based on in-depth interviews among people who cohabited or married after cohabitation, with or without children. The analysis of the interviews shows that the meaning of cohabitation changes according to the experiences of leaving the parental home and the life course stages crossed by interviewees. Marriage is valued for its legal and functional aspects, as a protection of the less financial independent partner. So it becomes a necessity only if the financial condition between partners is unbalanced in order to redress this asymmetry. If the partner conditions are equal - which is the case of the interviewees - marriage does not add benefits. Therefore all social and religious aspects of marriage are excluded by interviewees who were married or plan to marry only for instrumental reasons.

Returning to the parental home after the Great Recession: a matter of partnership dissolution or unemployment?

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernanda Mazzotta ◽  
Lavinia Parisi
Keyword(s):  
Young People ◽  
Great Recession ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
The Great Recession ◽  
Returning Home ◽  
Two Peaks

Abstract This article provides an analysis of the return of young people to the parental home in 23 European countries. It analyses the effect of the Great Recession, considering the period between 2006 and 2014 and controlling for two key determinants of living arrangements: employment and partnership. The main finding is that the Great Recession has increased the probability of returning home: two peaks are observed in 2009 and 2011, with a percentage of returnees almost double that at the beginning of the period under consideration. Returning home seems more closely linked to partnership than to employment.

Boomerang Kids and Parents’ Well-Being: Adaptation, Stressors, and Social Norms

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marco Tosi
Keyword(s):  
Low Income ◽  
Living Arrangements ◽  
Fixed Effects ◽  
Adult Child ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Linear Regression Models ◽  
Parental Home ◽  
Symptoms Of Depression ◽  
New Family ◽  
Returning Home

Abstract Previous research has shown that living with an adult child affects the well-being of parents. However, little is known about parental adaptation to changes in living arrangements or about concomitant stressors that may moderate the effect of adult children returning to the parental home. Drawing on data from eight waves of the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2017), I use distributed fixed effects linear regression models to analyse changes in parents’ symptoms of depression before, during, and after a child’s return to the parental home. The results show that parents experience an increase in symptoms of depression when a child returns home but recover to their previous levels of mental well-being in the subsequent year. Unemployed and low-income children returning home are associated with larger increases in parents’ symptoms of depression, whereas there are no effects with regard to union dissolution. These findings support the hypothesis that children returning home are more detrimental to older parents if it occurs in concomitance with an economic crisis in the child’s life. However, after a short-term decline in their well-being, parents are able to adapt to boomerang moves and accustom themselves to the new family dynamics.

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