scholarly journals Shifts in Higher-Order Unions and Stepfamilies Among Currently Cohabiting and Married Women of Childbearing Age

2016 ◽  
Vol 38 (12) ◽  
pp. 1775-1799 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karen Benjamin Guzzo
Keyword(s):  
Higher Order ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Union Formation ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Never Married ◽  
The Past ◽  
Family Growth ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time

Shifts in union formation and childbearing have undoubtedly altered the prevalence and structure of higher-order unions and stepfamilies, but no study has examined trends over time. Comparing the 1988 and 2011-2013 cycles of the National Survey of Family Growth, I produce estimates of repartnering and stepfamily formation among currently partnered women aged 15 to 44 years. The percentage of intact unions that are remarriages stayed stable (around 27% to 28%), but a growing proportion of currently married and cohabiting women had another cohabiting partner in the past. The percentage of intact unions that are stepfamilies increased from 24% to 31%, with an increase in cohabiting stepfamilies from 19% to 39% of all stepfamilies. Furthermore, while the majority of remarriages are stepfamilies, the majority of women’s stepfamilies are no longer remarriages due to union formation among never-married parents. Cohabiting (but not marital) stepfamilies also exhibited changes in which partner had children and in shared childbearing.

25-Year Trends in Stage-Specific Incidence Rates for Bladder Cancer in a Large Statewide Registry

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 445-451
Author(s):  
Justin Loloi ◽  
Yu-Kuan Lin ◽  
Fabian Camacho ◽  
Eugene Lengerich ◽  
Jay D. Raman
Keyword(s):  
Bladder Cancer ◽  
Hot Spots ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
The State ◽  
Distant Disease ◽  
Percent Change ◽  
The Past ◽  
Study Interval ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND: Bladder cancer (BC) is a common genitourinary malignancy with over 80,000 new cases diagnosed annually and over 17,000 associated deaths. OBJECTIVE: We review 25-years of BC incidence (1993-2017) within the state of Pennsylvania to better define incidence, geographic distribution, and trends over time. METHODS: The Pennsylvania Cancer Registry was reviewed for statewide and component county age-adjusted BC incidence rates and stage distribution. Chloropleth maps plotting statewide and county-specific incidence rates across time were created using the GeoDa statistical package. RESULTS: 93,476 cases of BC were recorded in Pennsylvania from 1993 to 2017. Age-adjusted annual rates of BC over the study interval were stable at 24.5 patients per 100,000 (range, 22.7–25.6). However, annual rates of distant disease increased from 0.5 to 1.1 patients per 100,000 (p < 0.001) with an average percent change increase of 6.6% over the study interval. The annual percent distribution of distant disease doubled from 2.3% to 5.1% (p < 0.001) with a greater increase in women compared to men. Chloropleth maps highlighted growing “hot spots” of bladder cancer incidence in the northwestern, northeastern, and southeastern portions of the state. CONCLUSIONS: While BC incidence in the state of Pennsylvania has remained relatively stable over the past 25 years, a concerning increase in distant disease was observed. Geospatial investigation implicates higher risk regions. Further studies are necessary to delineate the underlying etiologies for these observations.

scholarly journals e-Cigarette Use and Perceived Harm Among Women of Childbearing Age Who Reported Tobacco Use During the Past Year

2016 ◽  
Vol 65 (5) ◽  
pp. 408-414 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kristin Ashford ◽  
Amanda Wiggins ◽  
Karen Butler ◽  
Melinda Ickes ◽  
Mary Kay Rayens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tobacco Use ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
The Past ◽  
Perceived Harm

scholarly journals Trends in Hepatitis B Infection and Immunity Among Women of Childbearing Age in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 71 (3) ◽  
pp. 586-592 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatyana Kushner ◽  
Zhen Chen ◽  
Stacy Tressler ◽  
Harvey Kaufman ◽  
Judith Feinberg ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Drug Use ◽  
Hepatitis B ◽  
Injection Drug Use ◽  
The United States ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Hbv Vaccine ◽  
Chronic Hbv ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background The current opioid injection drug use epidemic has been associated with an increase in hepatitis C virus infections among women of childbearing age in the United States, but changes in hepatitis B virus (HBV) infections have not been studied. Methods A retrospective analysis of HBV statuses among women of childbearing age nationally and by state was conducted, utilizing the Quest Diagnostics database. Rates of HBV in women born before and after the implementation of universal HBV vaccination recommendations were determined. Results We identified 8 871 965 women tested for HBV from 2011–2017. Nationally, the annual rate of acute HBV infections was stable, but rates increased in Kentucky, Alabama, and Indiana (P &lt; .03). The national prevalence of new, chronic HBV diagnoses decreased significantly, from 0.83% in 2011 to 0.19% in 2017 (P &lt; .0001), but increased in Mississippi, Kentucky, and West Virginia (P ≤ .05). A declining prevalence of HBV seroprotection was evident over time, especially within the birth-dose cohort (which dropped from 48.5% to 38.5%; P &lt; .0001). Conclusions National rates of newly diagnosed acute and chronic HBV infections declined or were stable overall, but increased significantly in specific Appalachian states. The HBV vaccine is effective in decreasing infections, but seroprotection wanes over time. These trends in new infections may be related to increased injection drug use and highlight potential gaps in HBV vaccine protection.

Prevalence and Predictors of Intimate Partner Violence Among Married Women in Egypt

2019 ◽  
pp. 088626051988819
Author(s):  
Sanni Yaya ◽  
Alzahra Hudani ◽  
Amos Buh ◽  
Ghose Bishwajit
Keyword(s):  
Intimate Partner Violence ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes

Intimate partner violence (IPV) among married women of childbearing age can significantly enhance their risk of adverse health outcomes such as injury and disability, depression and anxiety, unwanted pregnancies, premature labor, complications with delivery, and perinatal and neonatal mortality. The objective of this study was to examine the prevalence and individual and societal factors associated with IPV among Egyptian women. Cross-sectional data on 12,205 ever-married women between the ages of 15 to 49 years were collected from the Egypt Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS). Data from the 2005 and 2014 EDHS were pooled and analyzed. Self-reported responses on violence by husbands were classified into physical, sexual, and emotional violence. The factors of association were quantified using logistic regression methods. The prevalence of experiencing any form of violence among ever-married women in Egypt was 29.4%. Overall, women reported experiencing physical, emotional, and sexual violence at 26.7%, 17.8%, and 4.6%, respectively. Women in the age group of 25 to 29 years had the highest odds (odds ratio [OR] = 1.539, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [1.327, 1.785]) of suffering from any form of IPV. Women residing in urban areas (OR = 1.149, 95% CI = [1.046, 1.262]), having only a primary-level education (OR = 1.756, 95% CI = [1.543, 1.999]), being followers of Islam (OR = 1.713, 95% CI = [1.379, 2.126]), and having husbands with no education (OR = 1.422, 95% CI = [1.263, 1.601]) reported having higher odds of experiencing any form of IPV. Nearly one third of married women of childbearing age are exposed to IPV of any form in Egypt. IPV intervention programs should pay special attention to the socioeconomically vulnerable segments of the population and promote educational status among men and women to curb the occurrence of IPV.

scholarly journals Diagnosing Asthma: The Fit between Survey and Administrative Database

2002 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 407-412 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lisa Huzel ◽  
Leslie L Roos ◽  
Nick R Anthonisen ◽  
Jure Manfreda
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Health Care Utilization ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Administrative Database ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Physician Visits ◽  
The Past ◽  
Asthma Symptoms ◽  
Trends Over Time ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND:Standard methods for population studies of asthma include surveying population samples using questionnaires and examining people in laboratories. These procedures are extremely expensive. It would be helpful if, at least for some purposes, they could be replaced by cheaper techniques with adequate validity. OBJECTIVES: To determine agreement between survey and database in regard to the prevalence of asthma.METHODS: Responses to survey questions about asthma symptoms in the past 12 months were linked to physician claims in the Manitoba Population Health Repository.RESULTS: The overall agreement was moderate (κ=0.45 to 0.50) and increased if two years of physician claims were studied (κ=0.55 to 0.59); studying additional years had no further effect on agreement. Sex and smoking did not significantly affect the kappa scores.CONCLUSIONS: There were several plausible reasons for discrepancies. Symptoms recorded on the survey were intrinsically different from those recorded for physician visits. Physicians also used other respiratory codes instead of asthma, and survey participants did not see a physician every year for asthma. The estimates of prevalence derived from the survey and the administrative database included two overlapping groups of people. In each, the diagnosis of asthma seems justifiable, although the agreement between the two groups was only moderate to substantial. Both methods are useful, although they are useful for different purposes. Health care utilization estimates may be particularly useful for studying trends over time.

scholarly journals Valproate prescription to women of childbearing age in English primary care: repeated cross-sectional analyses and retrospective cohort study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariangela Gaudio ◽  
Emmanouela Konstantara ◽  
Mark Joy ◽  
Jeremy Van Vlymer ◽  
Simon de Lusignan
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Practice Variation ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sentinel Network ◽  
Childbearing Potential ◽  
Prescription Patterns ◽  
Over Time

Abstract Background: Valproate is teratogenic drug that should be avoided during the preconception period and pregnancy. The aim was to explore GPs’ prescription patterns over time, describe trends, and explore inter-practice variation within primary care. Methods: We identified women of childbearing age (12-46 years old) in the Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) sentinel network. We performed repeated cross-sectional analyses from 2004 to 2018 to determine rates of prescription and a retrospective cohort estimated the prevalence of use of valproate during pregnancy. Results: In 2004, 0.31% (95% Confidence Interval (95%CI):0.18 to 0.44%) women were prescribed valproate, decreasing to 0.16% (95%CI:0.07 to 0.24%) by 2018. Among women with epilepsy, the rate fell from 15.2% (95%CI:14.4 to 16.0%) to 8.8 % (95% CI:8.2 to 9.7%) over the same period. In 2018, almost two thirds (62.2%) of women who were prescribed valproate had epilepsy only, whereas bipolar disorder and migraine accounted for 15.8% and 7.4% respectively. Contraceptive prescriptions did not increase over time, and only in 2018 was there greater odds of being prescribed contraception (OR 1.41, 95%CI:1.08 to 1.45). Just under a fifth (19.7%) of women were prescribed valproate during their pregnancy; two out of three of these pregnancies were preceded by folic acid prescription (5 mg). While some practices reduced their rate of valproate prescription, others did not.Conclusions: Regulatory guidelines have changed GPs' prescription patterns in women of childbearing potential for valproate but not for contraception. Further research is needed to identify the barriers of GPs and women of childbearing potential to undertaking contraception.

The Correlation Analysis of Perceived Usefulness, Barriers, and Self Efficacy with the Selection of Tubectomy in Married Women of Childbearing Age

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 2999-3004
Author(s):  
Nur Alfi Hidayati ◽  
Ni Ketut Alit Armini ◽  
Tiyas Kusumaningrum
Keyword(s):  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Contraceptive Method ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Perceived Barriers ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Independent Variables ◽  
Selection Of

Tubectomy is the most effective surgical contraception method to prevent pregnancy. Although tubectomy provides high effectiveness, the number of users of this contraceptive method tends to be still very few compared to the other contraceptives. Perceived usefulness, barriers, and self-efficacy are considered potential to affect one’s behavior, including married women of childbearing age when making decisions or finding reasons for the use of tubectomy. This study aims to identify the reasons why a married woman of childbearing age chooses tubectomy. This study employed a cross-sectional approach consisting of the dependent variable (selection of tubectomy in married women of childbearing age) and independent variables (perceived usefulness, barriers, and self-efficacy). The population was all married women of childbearing age who were new contraceptive acceptors in Dander Sub-district, Bojonegoro Regency, East Java, Indonesia in 2015. The sample s were taken using a purposive sampling type of non-probability sampling technique. The data were obtained using questionnaires and were analyzed using logistic regression with a significance level (p) of ≤ 0.05. The total respondents in this study were 92 people. The dominant age range was 36-49 years (53.3%). The major religious group was Islam (97.8%). The logistic regression indicated the level of significance in perceived usefulness (p = 0.018), but the scale was not significant between perceived barriers (p = 0.518) and self-efficacy (p = 0.707) with the selection of tubectomy. The factors related to the selection of tubectomy identified that the item in the independent variables (perceived usefulness, perceived barriers, and self-efficacy) that had a high probability was perceived usefulness. The greater the perceived usefulness was, the greater the behavior in choosing the contraceptive method. Perceived usefulness, barriers, and self-efficacy do not affect the decision making or reasons of why married women of childbearing age choose tubectomy.

Anaemia status of preconception young married women in India

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Rajeshwari A. Biradar
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Family Health ◽  
Wealth Quintile ◽  
Married Women ◽  
Multivariate Techniques ◽  
Women Of Childbearing Age ◽  
Childbearing Age ◽  
Younger Women ◽  
East Region ◽  
Women In India

Abstract The early detection of anaemia is important for its subsequent control and incidence among women of childbearing age. This study aimed to assess the anaemia status of preconception young married women in India using National Family Health Survey-4 data collected in 2015–16. A total 65,238 sample preconception young married women were analysed using univariate, bivariate and multivariate techniques. A majority belonged to the Hindu religion (81.7%), lived in rural areas (64.5%) and had secondary level education (51.8%), and 41.7% had not yet given birth. The percentage suffering from anaemia was 51.3%. The prevalence of anaemia was higher among younger women (55.3%), those from Scheduled Tribes (59.0%), those living in rural areas (52.8%), the non-educated (55.9%), those in the poorest wealth quintile (56.9%), those from the East region (57.0%) and those with a low body mass index (BMI) (58.4%). The adjusted odds ratios indicated that, after controlling for significant background factors, Hindu, Scheduled Tribe, Scheduled Caste, East region, already having a child, too thin for their height and poorer and poorest wealth quintiles had higher odds of suffering from anaemia compared with the reference groups. The odds of suffering from anaemia decreased with age and education. The study showed a high burden of anaemia and associated risk factors among preconception young married women in India. The finding will inform decision-makers when planning interventions to decrease anaemia among women of childbearing age in India.

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