scholarly journals Couples’ Communication Behaviour and the Gender Division of Family Work Across the Transition to Parenthood

2021 ◽  
pp. 0192513X2110551
Author(s):  
Silke Büchau ◽  
Pia S. Schober ◽  
Dominik Becker
Keyword(s):  
Father Involvement ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Couple Communication ◽  
Growth Curve Models ◽  
Division Of Housework ◽  
Communication Behaviours

This study investigates the conceptual argument that constructive and explicit couple communication may reduce gender inequalities in couples’ division of family work. We focus on the transition to parenthood which for most couples in Germany results in a shift towards a more traditional division of labour. Using 314 first-time parents from the German Family Panel, we apply growth curve models to assess whether partners’ prenatal characteristics explain the division of housework and childcare around the time of childbirth and in the following years. After controlling for gender ideologies and economic resources, male partners’ frequency of positive communication is associated with greater father involvement in housework and childcare from the start. However, neither men’s nor women’s communication behaviours dampen the shift towards a more traditional division of housework and childcare in the first years after childbirth. The frequency of negative communication does not correlate with the division of family work.

scholarly journals Father Involvement and Marital Relationship during Transition to Parenthood: Differences between Dual and Single-Earner Families

2011 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 639-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana Menéndez ◽  
Mª Victoria Hidalgo ◽  
Lucía Jiménez ◽  
Mª Carmen Moreno
Keyword(s):  
Marital Quality ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Specific Pattern ◽  
Life Transition ◽  
Parental Roles ◽  
Spouse Support ◽  
Dual Earner ◽  
Violated Expectations

Research into the process of becoming mother or father shows very conclusively that this important life transition is accompanied by both a decrease in marital quality and a more traditional division of labour. In this paper these changes are analyzed with special emphasis on the relationships between them and exploring the role played in this process by the mother's work status. Results showed a significant link between the development of marital quality and violated expectations regarding father involvement on childrearing. Dual-earner families were characterized by a specific pattern of changes, with greater stability than single-earner families in marital and parental roles during transition to parenthood and a significant role played by spouse support as a partner, but not as a parent.

Father Involvement, Father–Child Relationship Quality, and Satisfaction With Family Work

2013 ◽  
Vol 35 (13) ◽  
pp. 1846-1867 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adam M. Galovan ◽  
Erin Kramer Holmes ◽  
David G. Schramm ◽  
Thomas R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Division Of Labor ◽  
Marital Quality ◽  
Father Involvement ◽  
Family Systems Theory ◽  
Child Rearing ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Actor Partner Interdependence Model ◽  
Child Relationship ◽  
Post Hoc

Using family systems theory and an actor–partner interdependence model, we examine the influence of the division of family work (including fathers’ participation in child rearing) on father–child relationship quality, satisfaction with the family work division, and marital quality. The strongest effect on both spouses’ marital quality is wives’ perception of father–child relationship quality. Following this, wives’ perceptions of father participation in child rearing are positively associated with both spouses’ reports of marital quality. Furthermore, both husbands and wives report higher marital quality when they are more satisfied with the division of labor. When wives report their husbands have greater responsibility for family tasks, both spouses report higher satisfaction with the division of labor. Post hoc analyses revealed that wives are more satisfied with the division of labor when they work with their spouse rather than alone. All findings support a systemic relational orientation to family work, the division of roles, and relationship quality.

Fostering Entrepreneurship at the Spanish University

2018 ◽  
pp. 1011-1040
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Pastor-Gosálbez ◽  
Ana Isabel Blanco ◽  
Adelina Rodríguez ◽  
Ana Acosta ◽  
Paloma Pontón ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
University System ◽  
Participation Of Women ◽  
The Creation ◽  
Spanish Universities ◽  
The University ◽  
Freelance Work ◽  
Gender Division Of Labour

In this chapter we discuss the policies for fostering entrepreneurship at Spanish universities and how these policies may be related with the low participation of women in university spin-offs. Using our results from the first part of the EQUASPIN project1, we also discuss the effects of the gender division of labour on the creation of freelance work within the specific framework of knowledge-transfer companies. We also present some of our findings with regard to gender differences in both the creation of spin-offs and the role of the university system in the production and reproduction of gender inequalities.

Gender Inequalities in Japan

2020 ◽  
pp. 39-52
Author(s):  
Kaori Honjo
Keyword(s):  
Japanese Society ◽  
Health Behaviours ◽  
Working Hours ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Role Identities ◽  
Male Breadwinner ◽  
Gender Based ◽  
Post War

Striking gender inequalities in Japanese society are rooted in beliefs about gender division of labour. Gender-based social norms have driven employment and working practices such as long working hours. The male breadwinner model has only recently started to give way to more diverse role identities. Despite persistent gender inequalities, Japanese women have the longest life expectancy in the world. This paradoxical relationship can be explained by 1) overall women’s positive health behaviours, 2) Japan’s post-war social security programmes, protecting the vast majority of full-time homemakers, and 3) women’s roles in the household and the relation with their psychological wellbeing. The rigidity in current social programmes has failed to meet the needs of increasingly diverse Japanese society, which has contributed to rising female poverty and associated health problems.

scholarly journals Both Parents Working: Challenges and Strains in Managing the Reconciliation of Career and Family Life in Dual-Career Families. Empirical Evidence from Austria

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 269 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerlinde Mauerer
Keyword(s):  
Parental Leave ◽  
Work And Family ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Dual Career ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Family Policies ◽  
Family Work ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
Male Breadwinner

The presented empirical data analysis aims to shed light on the persistence of gender inequalities in sharing parenting responsibilities and addresses possible improvements for realising gender equality. In recent decades, family policies in the European Union have targeted the increase of men’s shares in parental leave (= paternal leave) as well as women’s participation in the labour market. Following the results of the Lisbon Treaty in 2000, many EU member states including Austria introduced non-transferable fathers’ quotas in their regulations on parental leave. Subsequently, the share of men on parental leave increased. Nevertheless, both in number and duration, men’s childcare allowance claims have remained lower than women’s claims. This paper investigates shared parental leave practices based on 36 interviews with fathers on paternal leave, and 14 follow-up interviews with parents after paternal leave. The qualitative data reveal the challenges that arise when both parents are faced with reconciling work and family during and after parental leave. Although the data showed that progress has been made in reducing gender inequality, the interviews make clear that employers’ attitudes perpetuate traditional gendered expectations of parental leave claims and still focus on images of a male breadwinner. Also, the distribution of gainful and family work reveals gender inequalities. The paper therefore discusses challenges that arise in the realisation of current gender and family policies in order to provide a basis for making changes that further enhance the opportunities for dual-career couples within the organisation of parental leave laws.

scholarly journals Father’s Involvement When Bringing Baby Home: Efficacy Testing of a Couple-Focused Transition to Parenthood Intervention for Promoting Father Involvement

2019 ◽  
Vol 123 (3) ◽  
pp. 806-824 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alyson F. Shapiro ◽  
John M. Gottman ◽  
Brandi C. Fink
Keyword(s):  
Father Involvement ◽  
Transition To Parenthood ◽  
Clinical Trial Design ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Analysis Of Covariance ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
Psychoeducational Program ◽  
Psychoeducational Programs ◽  
Intent To Treat

The goal of the present research was to test the efficacy of the Bringing Baby Home couple-focused psychoeducational program for promoting father involvement and related satisfaction. A randomized clinical trial design was used to randomly assign 136 pregnant couples to either an intervention or control group. Father involvement post-intervention was assessed through self-report of engagement in parenting tasks. Intent-to-treat analysis of covariance analyses indicated that fathers who participated in the Bringing Baby Home program reported significantly more involvement in parenting tasks, satisfaction with the division of parenting labor, and feeling appreciated by their wives. Both husbands and wives were also more satisfied with the division of labor when fathers were more involved in parenting. Results suggest that couple-focused psychoeducational programs can be successful for promoting father involvement.

Gewerkschaftliche Geschlechterpolitik

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Holland
Keyword(s):  
Trade Unions ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Gender Politics ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
German Trade ◽  
Historical Comparison ◽  
Positive Discrimination ◽  
Interpretation Patterns ◽  
Cross National

How are trade unions reacting to the persisting gender inequalities in the labour market in Germany and France? This study addresses this question using a historical comparison, a comparison of the organisations in question as well as a comparison of typical interpretation patterns of trade union gender politics. While gender relations in French trade unions turn out to be more egalitarian, positive discrimination of women is especially important in German trade unions. Historically, this can be explained by the development of different structures and the cultures of women’s employment and trade unions in both countries. However, gendered knowledge, which was reconstructed here from qualitative interviews with union secretaries, also shows cross-national similarities. Thus, the typology of interpretive patterns of union-based gender politics expresses parallel problems in the unequal division of labour between the sexes and the spread of precarious employment.

scholarly journals Multidimensionality of gender ideology and relationships with gendered practices: an exploratory analysis across Europe in 2002 and 2012

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Heejung Chung ◽  
Pia S. Schober
Keyword(s):  
Gender Ideology ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Ideologies ◽  
Social Survey ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Gender Culture ◽  
Country Level ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Individual ◽  
International Social

Many researchers assume a one-dimensionality of gender ideology constructs and/or stability of dimensions across countries and time, yet these assumptions have rarely been tested. WE apply factor analyses on two waves of the International Social Survey Programme in 2002 and 2012, and comparable European countries to test this. Our results show that gender ideologies can be distinguished into distinctive domains that relate to mother’s employment, women’s work, men’s role in the family, and finally women’s breadwinning. These dimensions have be found to be relatively stable across countries and time. Results from regression models investigating different aspects of the gender division of labour suggest that distinguishing dimensions is less important when considering gender ideologies at the individual level but can make a big difference when examining gender culture at the country level.

scholarly journals Lean Work and Gender Inequalities: Manufacturing Consent at a Multinational Car Plant in Provincial Russia

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Martin Krzywdzinski ◽  
Grzegorz Lechowski ◽  
Valentina Mählmeyer
Keyword(s):  
Labour Market ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Division Of Labour ◽  
Gender Inequalities ◽  
Local Labour Market ◽  
Local Labour ◽  
Nuanced Understanding ◽  
And Gender ◽  
High Level

How do local labour market structures, in tandem with workforce dispositions and attitudes, influence the way multinational companies localise their standardised work and production systems? This article investigates the conflict-ridden factory regime of a lean automotive plant in provincial Russia at which the management was able to secure a relatively high level of consent among its female workers but not among male workers. In order to explain this gendered pattern of worker consent, the plant-internal gender division of labour and two societal factors proved crucial: the gendered segmentation of the local labour market and the workers’ cultural dispositions. At the same time, the analysis points to the transformative effect that the company’s work and production system had on the local labour regime. The case study relies on a combination of quantitative survey data and qualitative interviews. It emphasises the need to reconnect the analysis of branch-plant factory regimes to a nuanced understanding of their embeddedness within local labour markets – also in the case of highly standardised work and production systems.  KEY WORDS: labour control regime; labour process; labour market; lean production; gender relations

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