scholarly journals AN INCLUSIVE ANALYSIS OF DETERMINANTS OF INTERNATIONAL MIGRATION. THE CASE OF EUROPEAN RICH AND POOR COUNTRIES

2017 ◽  
Vol 23 (4) ◽  
pp. 608-626 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio MIHI-RAMÍREZ ◽  
Vilmantė KUMPIKAITĖ-VALIŪNIENĖ ◽  
Eduardo CUENCA-GARCÍA
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Panel Data Analysis ◽  
Poverty Line ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Inclusive Analysis ◽  
Year 2000

This work aims to integrate defragmented migration perspectives in order to better understand and explain reasons of contemporaneous migration. Accordingly, international migration flows are explained with various socio-economic determinants which address different sources of migration, reinforced by the best-known theories and conceptual frameworks. A panel data analysis is performed at the level of rich and poor countries of the European Union to measure migration flows from the year 2000 until 2013. The results provide evidence indicating that there are some structural similarities and discrepancies between European rich and poor countries. These similarities (or discrepancies) make them responding similarly to certain economic conditions and changes. Thus, the association of earnings, inequalities (measured by the Gini Index) and poverty line could be positive or negative depending on wealth level of countries. Moreover, unemployment is a supply-push factor, but its importance is much higher in rich countries, diminishing in poorer countries. Economic freedom has a very strong positive effect on migration for all countries, but its relevance turned out to be the highest in the group of the poorest countries. Also, the association between Foreign Direct Investment and migration is negative, but it is more significant in the case of poorer countries.

scholarly journals Problems and contradictions of international migration statistics

Upravlenie ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. 106-112
Author(s):  
B. B. Loginov
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Population Census ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Labor Migrants ◽  
Internal Migrant ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Moment ◽  
New Phenomena

Analysis of problems and trends in the field of international migration development is impossible without reliable statistical data. Particular economic importance for any country including Russia are data on the flows of labor migrants, which have a great impact on the domestic labor market, gross domestic product, balance of payments. International organizations, including United Nations bodies, haven’t worked out single recommendations on proceeding migration statistics, stratification of migration flows. The universal worldwide technique with border and internal migrant calculation principles regarding flows and stocks of labor migrants is absent at the moment.The author focuses on key discrepancies of national migration statistics in different countries and widely practiced flexible interpretation of it by Western politicians and mass media, therefore, the acuteness of migration problems in the Western countries (first, in the European Union) is overestimated and, on the contrary, migration difficulties of such countries as Russia, Iran, Turkey are downgraded or fully ignored. The difficulties in the calculation of international migration, arising from the ambiguous interpretation of the concept of “migrant”, have been indicated. Three approaches – residence outside the country of birth, citizenship, place of usual daily rest – often conflict with each other, when it is necessary to establish the true country of origin of the migrant.The shortcomings of the main sources of information about immigrants: population census, administrative records, population surveys have been also analyzed in the article. New phenomena in international migration flows, such as “cross-motivation” of migrants and migration without going abroad, require their understanding.

The Effect of Health Environment on Migration Flows

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 595-610
Author(s):  
Huyen Thuong Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Health Indicators ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Net Migration ◽  
Country Level ◽  
Life Expectancy At Birth ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

International migration has become more popular recently in the globalization context. The recorded number of international migration cases is much fewer than the actual number in the last few decades. Migration is considered to have various consequences in both origin and destination countries. Understanding determinants of migration is necessary for long-term sustainable development policies. This study examines a causal relationship between health environment and migration flows by exploiting a panel country level data set on health indicators and net migration from 1940 to 1987. An increase in life expectancy at birth has led to a decrease in net migration in the whole sample countries as well as in non-poor countries. By using global mortality rate constructed based on information on the reduction in mortality following the epidemiological transition in 1940s as instrumental variable, 2SLS methodology allows controlling for endogeneity problem. The results are robust even applying various additional tests. Overall, health environment has a negative effect on migration flows.

scholarly journals Global dynamics of international migration systems across South–South, North–North, and North–South flows, 1990–2015

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Diego F. Leal ◽  
Nicolas L. Harder
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Network Effects ◽  
Global Dynamics ◽  
Core Set ◽  
Migration Dynamics ◽  
Key Drivers ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
Migration Systems

AbstractEvidence from 184 countries over the span of 25 years is gathered and analyzed to understand North–North, South–South, and North–South international migration flows. Conceptually, the analysis borrows from network theory and Migration Systems Theory (MST) to develop a model to characterize the structure and evolution of international migration flows. Methodologically, the Stochastic Actor-oriented Model of network dynamics is used to jointly model the three types of flows under analysis. Results show that endogenous network effects at the monadic, dyadic, and triadic levels of analysis are relevant to understand the emergence and evolution of migration flows. The findings also show that a core set of non-network covariates, suggested by MST as key drivers of migration flows, does not always explain migration dynamics in the systems under analysis in a consistent fashion; thus, suggesting the existence of important levels of heterogeneity inherent to these three types of flows. Finally, evidence related to the role of political instability and countries’ care deficits is also discussed as part of the analysis. Overall, the results highlight the importance of analyzing flows across the globe beyond typically studied migratory corridors (e.g., North–South flows) or regions (e.g., Europe).

scholarly journals International Migration & Economic Development: The Case of EU Countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (27) ◽  
pp. 104-115 ◽  
Author(s):  
Svetlana V. Tolmacheva
Keyword(s):  
Economic Development ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Migration Policy ◽  
Labor Cost ◽  
Modern World ◽  
Gdp Growth ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Cost Index ◽  
Review Section ◽  
Migration Flows

The globalization of the modern world strengthens the role of migration flows in the socio-economic development of countries and regions. The European Union, and Italy in particular, are among the main centers attracting migrants due to their geopolitical transit position and relatively favorable environment. The consequences of the explosive growth in migration flows are ambiguous. To clarify the direction and power of such effects, we perform correlation and regression analysis according to a number of parameters. The paper presents relevant data on the demographic and socio-economic situation in Italy for 2001–2017. In the literature review section, we examine the substance of international migration and identify the factors affecting the trends in economic dynamics as well as changes in migration flows. The research results confirm that the most significant determinants are employment, the GDP growth rate and the labor cost index. The study also finds that there is a positive correlation between GDP growth and inflow of remittances. The empirical data provided indicate the coherence between migration and particular macroeconomic indicators. A comprehensive analysis of the factors presents a promising pathway for improving migration policy.

scholarly journals Introduction to Migration and Refugee Flows: New Insights

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 114-117
Author(s):  
Inmaculada Martínez-Zarzoso
Keyword(s):  
Information Technology ◽  
Cultural Diversity ◽  
Natural Disasters ◽  
International Migration ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
Migrant Population ◽  
Refugee Status ◽  
Population Movements ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

Population movements between countries and continents are not recent phenomena. What is new today is that migration flows are increasingly linked to the globalization process and to environmental degradation. Most of the migrants leave their homes for economic reasons, but also due to the higher frequency of natural disasters. Of the total migrant population, those who escape from conflicts or persecution still represent a smaller fraction and are entitled to obtain refugee status. This thematic issue includes eight articles that analyse migration flows and migration governance from different analytical perspectives. Five of the eight contributions examine the role that several factors play in explaining international migration flows and its effects, namely cultural diversity, information technology tools, governance, terrorism, and attitudes towards immigration. The remaining three articles are country studies that analyse the socio-economic causes/effects of migration flows to Portugal, Spain, and Germany, devoting special attention to forced migration and refugees.

scholarly journals Cash Transfers and Migration: Theory and Evidence from a Randomized Controlled Trial

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-45
Author(s):  
Jules Gazeaud ◽  
Eric Mvukiyehe ◽  
Olivier Sterck
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Opportunity Cost ◽  
Controlled Trial ◽  
Cash Transfers ◽  
Public Works ◽  
Poor Countries ◽  
Work Program ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Will the fast expansion of cash-based programming in poor countries increase international migration? Theoretically, cash transfers may deter migration by increasing its opportunity cost, or favor migration by relaxing liquidity, credit, and risk constraints. This paper evaluates the impact of a cash-for-work program on migration. Randomly selected households in Comoros were offered up to US$320 in cash in exchange for their participation in public works projects. We find that the program increased international migration by 38 percent, from 7.8% to 10.8%. The increase in migration appears to be driven by the alleviation of liquidity and risk constraints.

Migration, Immigration, and Refugees

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrés Solimano
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Total Population ◽  
Forced Migration ◽  
International Mobility ◽  
Real Wages ◽  
Net Worth ◽  
Job Opportunities ◽  
Working Age ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration

The international mobility of people and migration flows are critically influenced by differences in per capita incomes, real wages, job opportunities, institutional capacities and living standards across nations and cities. Its dynamics are shaped by social networks and regulated by the migration policies of receiving countries. International migration represents around 3.3% of world’s population; up from 2.7% in 1995. It is composed mainly of working-age people, with men and women migrants being in roughly equal numbers. Historically, the globalization process of the late 19th and early 20th centuries was also accompanied by large migration flows, mostly, from the “Old World” (Europe) to the “New World” (United States, Canada, Argentina, Australia, and other countries in the Global South). Starting in the 1980s migration has increased relative to a rise in total population, although the share of international migration to total population was, on average, higher in the first wave of globalization of the 1870–1914 period. Main substantive topics and new themes in the field of international migration include: (a) the motivations and determinants of the international mobility of the wealthy (High-Net Worth Individuals, HNWIs), a largely unexplored topic in the literature of international migration; (b) the international migration of talent (high-skills, educated, and gifted people), (c) the linkages between the mobility of talent and the mobility of capital and their evolution over time affected by macro regimes and international conditions, (d) The relation between macroeconomic and financial crises (e.g., the 2008–2009 crisis), stagnation traps and immigration flows, (e) the influence of international migration on inequality within and between countries, and (f) forced migration, displaced population and humanitarian crises, following war, violence, persecution, and human rights violations.

Does Aid Drive Migration? Evidence from a Shift-Share Instrument∗

2022 ◽  
pp. 019791832110693
Author(s):  
Hamish Fitchett ◽  
Dennis Wesselbaum
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
Fundamental Problem ◽  
Reverse Causality ◽  
Bilateral Aid ◽  
Global North ◽  
Key Policy ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
And Migration ◽  
The Relationship

Foreign aid payments have been a key policy response by Global North countries to reduce increased migration flows from the Global South. In this article, we contribute to the literature on the relationship between aid and international migration flows and estimate the contemporaneous effect of bilateral aid payments on bilateral, international migration flows. The fundamental problem in analyzing this relationship is endogeneity, or reverse causality. To address this issue and achieve causal inference, we use a shift-share, or Bartik, instrument. Examining migration flows between 198 origin countries and 16 OECD destination countries over 36 years (1980−2015), we find a positive relationship between aid and migration. A ten-percent increase in aid payments will increase migration by roughly 2 percent. We further document non-linearity in the relationship between aid and migration and find an inverted U-shaped relationship between aid and migration flows. The findings presented here have implications for the design of bilateral and multilateral aid policies and for achieving various United Nations Sustainable Development Goals by stressing the importance of a better coordination between aid and immigration policies.

Defying the Law of Gravity: The Political Economy of International Migration

2014 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 406-445 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jennifer Fitzgerald ◽  
David Leblang ◽  
Jessica C. Teets
Keyword(s):  
International Migration ◽  
The Political ◽  
Political Environment ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Economic Determinants ◽  
Income Differentials ◽  
Political Environments ◽  
Migration Flows ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Law Of Gravity

Bilateral flows of international migrants exhibit tremendous variance both across destination countries and over time. To explain this variance, studies of international migration tend to focus on economic determinants such as income differentials or on social conditions such as the presence of coethnics in certain destination countries. The authors argue that migration is driven not solely by economic or social determinants; rather, the political environment across destinations plays a substantively large role in influencing bilateral migration flows. They test the importance of the political environment—citizenship rights and the prominence of right-wing parties—using data on migration flows from 178 origin countries into 18 destination countries over the period 1980–2006. They find, even after controlling for a variety of economic, social, policy, and international variables, that variation in political environments across time and destination plays a key role in observed patterns of international migration.

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