Sex, Ethnicity and Chicano Status Attainment

1982 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 435-473 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Tienda
Keyword(s):  
Mexican Descent ◽  
Status Attainment ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cultural Interpretation ◽  
Socioeconomic Attainment ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
First Job ◽  
Positive Effect

Using data from the 1979 Chicano Survey, this study analyzes the determinants of status attainment among the U.S. population of Mexican descent. The process of status attainment is essentially the same for Chicano men and women, although women experience a net handicap for current occupation attainment. Close ethnic attachment, measured by language and association, does not lower socioeconomic attainment; in fact, Spanish competency has a positive effect upon the status of first job. The importance of a structural understanding of ethnicity, rather than a cultural interpretation, is stressed for future research on Chicano stratification.

Testing the Status-Legitimacy Hypothesis in China: Objective and Subjective Socioeconomic Status Divergently Predict System Justification

2020 ◽  
Vol 46 (7) ◽  
pp. 1044-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenqi Li ◽  
Ying Yang ◽  
Junhui Wu ◽  
Yu Kou
Keyword(s):  
Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Empirical Studies ◽  
System Justification ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Total N ◽  
Subjective Socioeconomic Status ◽  
Lower Socioeconomic ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Status ◽  
Subjective Ses

The status-legitimacy hypothesis proposes that people with lower socioeconomic status (SES) are more likely to justify the social system than those with higher SES. However, empirical studies found inconsistent findings. In the present research, we argue that at least part of the confusion stems from the possibility that objective and subjective SES are differently related to system justification. On one hand, subjective SES is more related to status maintenance motivation and may increase system justification. On the other hand, objective SES is more related to access to information about the social reality, which may increase criticism about the system and lead to lower system justification. These hypotheses were supported by evidence from five studies (total N = 26,134) involving both adult and adolescent samples in China. We recommend that future research on status-related issues needs to distinguish the potential divergent roles of objective and subjective SES.

Ethnic and Religious Tolerance in Poland

2009 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 371-391 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ewa Gołębiowska
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Political Implications ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
The Status ◽  
Democratic Revolution ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Hearts And Minds

Since its democratic revolution was set in motion, Poland has enjoyed tremendous progress in its degree of democratic consolidation. For example, significant institutional changes have taken place in the status of Poland's ethnic, national, and religious minorities. Yet, institutional protections alone do not fully capture the extent of openness to diversity. More comprehensive depictions of the quality of democracy need to encompass investigations of the democratic citizens' “hearts and minds.” In this article, using data from a recent nationally representative survey, the author examines the extent and sources of Poles' tolerance of ethnic and religious difference. She focuses on social tolerance of difference, using questions about acceptance of interethnic and interreligious marriage as the dependent variables. As part of the inquiry, the author compares and contrasts the levels and sources of tolerance of interreligious marriage over time and discusses the political implications of the findings and future research directions.

Physiotherapists and Evidence Based Practice: An Opportunity or Threat to the Profession?

2001 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rose Wiles ◽  
Sue Barnard
Keyword(s):  
Health Professionals ◽  
Evidence Based Practice ◽  
Central Element ◽  
Professional Autonomy ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Impact

The profession of physiotherapy in the UK is undergoing a period of change. Prominent among these aspects of change is the movement to evidence based practice (EBP). EBP is a central element of policy in the National Health Service (NHS). It is being implemented in physiotherapy as a means of securing contracts with purchasers but also as a means of contesting challenges from alternative practitioners and health professionals to the areas of work that physiotherapists view as their territory. Using data collected from a qualitative study of 56 physiotherapists of different grades working in different sectors of the NHS, this paper explores physiotherapists’ views of EBP and the impact that they expect it to have on professional boundaries and on the status and practice of physiotherapy. The study indicated that physiotherapists’ views may differ according to their position in the profession. Senior physiotherapists appeared to view the development of EBP as a threat to the profession which would decrease professional autonomy and the status of the profession. In contrast, junior and superintendent physiotherapists appeared to view EBP as an opportunity for strengthening the profession. The impact EBP will have on the profession of physiotherapy and its relationships with a range of health professionals is as yet unknown as are the responses that physiotherapists are likely to have to this development. This study identifies the areas in which conflicts are likely to be played out. A focus for future research analysing the impact of EBP is suggested.

Enhancing the Effects of Power Sharing on Psychological Empowerment: The Roles of Management Control and Power Distance Orientation

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chao C. Chen ◽  
Ann Yan Zhang ◽  
Hui Wang
Keyword(s):  
Job Performance ◽  
Psychological Empowerment ◽  
Power Distance ◽  
Management Control ◽  
Power Sharing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Power Distance Orientation ◽  
Telecommunication Companies ◽  
Using Data ◽  
Positive Effect

In this article we test a model of bounded empowerment: the boundary conditions under which power sharing affects employees' psychological empowerment. Using data from two telecommunication companies, we investigate how management control and power distance orientation moderate the effects of supervisors' power sharing on employees' psychological empowerment. Results show that power sharing improves job performance partly through psychological empowerment. Furthermore, management control enhances rather than impedes the positive effect of power sharing on psychological empowerment. Power distance orientation further enhances management control's positive moderating effect on employee psychological empowerment. Limitations and implications for future research are also discussed.

scholarly journals Priority development areas as a tool for enterprises support in Russian monotowns

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 54-67
Author(s):  
S. G. Beleva ◽  
V. V. Veterinarov ◽  
G. S. Kozlyakov ◽  
O. V. Suchkova
Keyword(s):  
Firm Growth ◽  
Nearest Neighbor ◽  
Geographic Location ◽  
Ordinary Least Squares ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Revenue Growth ◽  
The Status ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The City ◽  
Positive Effect

This paper aims to estimate the effectiveness of the Priority Development Areas (PDA) program in Russian monotowns at the firm level. Using data from the SPARK-Interfax database on Russian companies in 2014–2018, the authors estimate the effect of the PDA residency on the firms’ revenue growth in monotowns in Russia. The authors test two hypotheses. First, the status of the PDA resident is obtained by firms that have been successful in previous periods. Second, the PDA resident status does not have a positive effect on firm growth. To measure the treatment effect, the authors use the nearest neighbor propensity score matching method, which allows drawing conclusions about causality, as opposed to the ordinary least squares (OLS) method. The regressions consider the firm size, industry, and geographic location of the city. According to the results of the study, both hypotheses are confirmed. Resident status is determined by the gains in the company’s revenue for the two previous periods (the coefficients are significant in all specifications at the 5% level). The influence of residency on the firm’s revenue growth is neglected (becomes insignificant) when comparing enterprises with the same pre-2015 trends. Thus, the authors conclude that the success of the PDA program in Russian monotowns in terms of business support is questionable. The findings of the study are valid for enterprises established before 2015.

The Status of the Business Communication Course at U.S. Colleges and Universities

2009 ◽  
Vol 72 (4) ◽  
pp. 395-413 ◽  
Author(s):  
Travis L. Russ
Keyword(s):  
Business Communication ◽  
The United States ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Colleges And Universities ◽  
Current Status ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Communication Course ◽  
The Status ◽  
Content Coverage ◽  
Using Data

This study examines the current status of the introductory business communication course at colleges and universities across the United States. Using data collected during the spring of 2008 from a national sample of 505 instructors, this study reveals a number of pedagogical and programmatic insights about (1) major course sponsors; (2) academic levels at which the course is taught; (3) instructors’ ideal and actual class sizes; (4) use of distance learning; (5) content coverage; and (6) required learning assignments. Findings from this study are compared with results from previous audits. Future research ideas as well as implications for business communication education are presented.

scholarly journals Self-Esteem and the Quality of Romantic Relationships

2016 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 274-283 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruth Yasemin Erol ◽  
Ulrich Orth
Keyword(s):  
Romantic Relationships ◽  
Relationship Quality ◽  
Self Esteem ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Psychological Mechanisms ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Positive Effect

Abstract. The relation between self-esteem and romantic relationships has been the focus of many research studies. In this article, we review theoretical perspectives and available evidence on (a) the effect of people’s self-esteem on the quality of their romantic relationships, (b) the effect of self-esteem similarity between partners on relationship quality, and (c) the psychological mechanisms that might account for the link between self-esteem and relationship quality. Overall, the evidence suggests that high self-esteem is beneficial in romantic relationships. Furthermore, research using data from both partners of couples suggests that high self-esteem has a positive effect also on the partner’s happiness with the relationship. However, research indicates that the degree of self-esteem similarity between partners does not influence the couple’s relationship satisfaction. Although evidence suggests that perceived regard and secure attachment between the partners explains why self-esteem is beneficial in romantic relationships, future research is needed to examine in more detail the mechanisms through which self-esteem contributes to a happy relationship.

Workplace Ostracism and Its Negative Outcomes

2016 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 143-151 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoming Zheng ◽  
Jun Yang ◽  
Hang-Yue Ngo ◽  
Xiao-Yu Liu ◽  
Wengjuan Jiao
Keyword(s):  
Affective Commitment ◽  
Psychological Capital ◽  
Intention To Leave ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Conservation Of Resources ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Negative Outcomes ◽  
Workplace Ostracism ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Workplace ostracism, conceived as to being ignored or excluded by others, has attracted the attention of researchers in recent years. One essential topic in this area is how to reduce or even eliminate the negative consequences of workplace ostracism. Based on conservation of resources (COR) theory, the current study assesses the relationship between workplace ostracism and its negative outcomes, as well as the moderating role played by psychological capital, using data collected from 256 employees in three companies in the northern part of China. The study yields two important findings: (1) workplace ostracism is positively related to intention to leave and (2) psychological capital moderates the effect of workplace ostracism on affective commitment and intention to leave. This paper concludes by discussing the implications of these findings for organizations and employees, along with recommendations for future research.

Moderating Role of Gender in the Relationship between Cognitive Errors and Anxiety among Adolescents

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 86-102
Author(s):  
Tasnim Rehna ◽  
Rubina Hanif ◽  
Muhammad Aqeel
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Adolescent Psychopathology ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Cognitive Errors ◽  
Adolescent Anxiety ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Status ◽  
Manifest Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Background: Widespread social paradigms on which the status variances are grounded in any society, gender plays pivotal role in manifestation of mental health problems (Rutter, 2007). A hefty volume of research has addressed the issue in adults nonetheless, little is vividly known about the role of gender in adolescent psychopathology. Sample: A sample of 240 adolescents (125 boys, 115 girls) aging 12-18 years was amassed from various secondary schools of Islamabad with the approval of the Federal Directorate of Education (FDE), relevant authorities of the schools and the adolescents themselves. Instruments: Taylor Manifest Anxiety Scale (Taylor & Spence, 1953) and Children’s Negative Cognitive Errors Questionnaire (CNCEQ) by Leitenberg et al., (1986) were applied in present study. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that cognitive errors jointly accounted for 78% of variance in predicting anxiety among adolescents. Findings also exhibited that gender significantly moderated the relationship between cognitive errors and adolescent anxiety. Implications of the findings are discoursed for future research and clinical practice.

Siblings and Illness

2011 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Leah Sawyer Vanderwerp
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Birth Order ◽  
Family Size ◽  
Multivariate Analyses ◽  
Social Role ◽  
Chronically Ill ◽  
Demographic Variables ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Mother And Child ◽  
Using Data

Using data from the National Longitudinal Survey of Youth-Mother and Child samples, I investigated the relationships among child and adolescent depressive symptoms, having a chronically ill sibling, and other child and familial demographic variables. From research on social support and social role transitions, with the Stress Process as a theoretical model, I hypothesized that children with chronically ill siblings experience more depressive symptoms. Specifically, I looked at age, gender, birth order and family size as potentially reducing the effect size of having a chronically ill sibling. Findings showed that having a chronically ill sibling is associated with demonstrating more depressive symptoms both in the bivariate and multivariate analyses. Although age, gender, birth order and family size do not interact significantly with having a chronically ill sibling in predicting depressive symptoms, they do present interesting findings about childhood depressive symptoms in general. Thus, the results of this study suggest specific and meaningful paths for future research.

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