Psychological Health Among Armed Forces Doctors During COVID-19 Pandemic in India

Background: A pandemic poses a significant challenge to the healthcare staff and infrastructure. We studied the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among armed forces doctors in India during the COVID-19 pandemic and the factors that contribute to these symptoms. Methods: The study was conducted from March 30, 2020, to April 2, 2020, using a self-administered questionnaire questionnaire using the hospital anxiety and depression scale (HADS), which was sent through Google Forms. Responses were received from 769 respondents. Data were analyzed for demographic details and HADS scores using the chi-square test and backward logistic regression. Results: Anxiety and depressive symptoms were seen in 35.2% and 28.2% of the doctors, respectively. In doctors with anxiety symptoms, significant associations were observed with age (20–35 years, 39.4%, P = 0.01), gender (females, 44.6%, P < 0.001), duration of service (0–10 years, 38%, P = 0.03), and clinical versus non-clinical specialties (non-clinical, 41.3%, P < 0.001) as opposed to marital status, education level, and current department of work. In doctors with depressive symptoms, significant associations were observed with age (P = 0.04), clinical versus non-clinical specialties (P < 0.001), duration of service (0–10 years, 30.1%, P = 0.03), and doctoral degree (P = 0.04) as opposed to gender, marital status, education level, and current working department. Conclusion: The study revealed a high prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms among armed forces doctors. The main contributing factors are female gender, young age group, non-clinical specialties, and having a doctoral degree.

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Depressive symptoms and disability in acute patients with comorbidities in departments of internal medicine

Italian Journal of Medicine ◽

10.4081/itjm.2011.261 ◽

2012 ◽

pp. 261-268

Author(s):

Salvatore La Carrubba ◽

Loredana Manna ◽

Carmelina Rinollo ◽

Antonino Mazzone ◽

Gualberto Gussoni ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Internal Medicine ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Activities Of Daily Living ◽

Daily Living ◽

Geriatric Depression Scale ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Female Gender ◽

Instrumental Activities ◽

Comorbidity Index ◽

Acute Patients

Introduction: There are few data on the prevalence of depression among acute patients with comorbidities. The current study aimed to determine the prevalence of depressive symptoms in hospitalized patients admitted to Internal Medicine Units and the correlation between these symptoms and comorbidities and disability indexes. Materials and methods: All consecutive patients admitted to 26 Internal Medicine Units of the Italian National Public Health System in Sicily, Italy, from September 2001 to March 2002 were screened. Within 24 hours of admission, patients were administered the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), Mini-Mental State Examination, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) and Charlson’s Comorbidity Index. Results: 1,947 subjects were included in the analyses. Of the patients, 509 (26.1%) showed depressive symptoms (indicated by GDS score > 15). Depression was significantly associated (univariate analyses) with hypertension (OR 1.45; CI 95% 1.18-1.79), diabetes (OR 1.48, CI 95% 1.17-1.87), cerebrovascular disease (OR 1.50, CI 95% 1.08-2.07), cirrhosis (OR 1.49, CI 95% 1.01- 2.19), ADL score (OR 0.72: CI 95% 0.63-0.82), and IADL score (OR 0.83; CI 95% 0.78-0.87), but not with Charlson’s Comorbidity Index (OR 1.04; CI 95% 0.98-1.10). Multivariate analysis showed that independent predictive factors for depression were age (OR 1.02, CI 95% 1.01-1.02), female gender (OR 2.29, CI 95% 1.83 - 2.87), and IADL score (OR 0.86, CI 95% 0.81 - 0.93). Conclusions: The data suggest that depressive symptoms are not linked to worse clinical conditions but are associated with the loss of autonomy in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living.

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The Influence of Caregiving on the Relation Between Marital Status and Psychological Health in a Grandparent Sample

The International Journal of Aging and Human Development ◽

10.1177/0091415020920000 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009141502092000

Author(s):

Angela M. Provenzano ◽

Melanie A. Stearns ◽

Danielle K. Nadorff

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Marital Status ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Future Research ◽

Third Wave ◽

Grandparent Caregivers ◽

Lower Baseline ◽

Significant Difference ◽

And Gender ◽

Predictors Of Depression

Grandparent caregivers report poorer psychological and physical health, but relationship status has been shown to influence burden. The current study investigated depressive symptoms of 3288 grandparents who completed the third wave of the National Survey of Families and Households. The study found that those who are unmarried were more likely to be grandparent caregivers, and female participants reported higher depressive symptoms. Marital status and caregiving status were comparable predictors of depression, but marital status did not buffer the effects of caregiving status on depression. Caregiving status accounted for a significant amount of depressive symptom variance for depression, comparable to marital status and gender. There was a significant difference in depressive symptoms of married and unmarried grandparent non-caregivers but with a significantly lower baseline depression rate than grandparent caregivers. Future research should examine whether making social support options available to unmarried grandparent caregivers who lack informal support from a spouse may improve outcomes.

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Quality of Life among Older Adults Covered by Various Pension Funds, Tabriz, Iran

Elderly Health Journal ◽

10.18502/ehj.v7i2.8122 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hadi Sadighiyan ◽

Mehdi Abbasian ◽

Mahmood Yousefi ◽

Narjes Maasoumi ◽

Reza Nikanfar ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Quality Of Life ◽

Social Security ◽

Older People ◽

Marital Status ◽

Armed Forces ◽

Pension Funds ◽

Comparative Investigation ◽

Education Level ◽

The State

Introduction: Quality of life (QoL) is known to be one of the main challenges of the present century in the growing heterogeneous elder population. Therefore, determining the affecting factors of QoL among older people could be imperative. The present study aims at the comparative investigation of the QoL the old people covered by the various pension funds in the city of Tabriz, Iran. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted among 212 older people in Tabriz, Iran. All of the participants were selected based on a stratified sampling considering the study population’s preliminary distribution in three kinds of funds (the State, Armed forces, and Social security). A reliable Iranian LEIPAD questionnaire was used in a comparative investigation of the older adult’s QoL. Data were analyzed with SPSS 21 using t-test, ANOVA, person corellation tests and multiple linear regression. Results: The majority of the participants were male (84.4%) and married (94.8%). One-third of older people possessed academic qualifications. The average age of pensioners in the State fund was 8 years older than other funds. Social security pensioners received the lowest wages (i.e. 0.76 of State and 0.71 of Armed forces pensioners). The total mean score of QoL was 65.63 ± 12.27 (range: 0-93). The relationship between QoL and education level (β = 0.30) and marital status (β = 0.22) was positive and significant. Moreover, a significant difference was observed between scores of QoL and type of pension funds, marital status, education level (p < 0.05). Conclusion: Pension funds can improve the QoL among older people by increasing the pension amount, quality of services and payment benefits of those covered retirees.

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0320 Psychological Correlates of Morningness/Eveningness in Latinx Pre-Adolescents

SLEEP ◽

10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.317 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 43 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. A121-A122

Author(s):

S T Nguyen-Rodriguez ◽

O M Buxton

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Perceived Stress ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Self Report ◽

Anxiety And Depression ◽

Average Score ◽

Depression Symptoms

Abstract Introduction Chronotype refers to a preference for morning hours (morningness) vs. evening hours (eveningness) when individuals tend to feel their best (e.g., higher energy levels). People may be classified at either end of this spectrum or along a continuum between these preferences. Among adolescents, eveningness is positively related to depression and anxiety, whereas morningness is negatively related to depression. However, less is known about the relationship of chronotype and psychological health in pre-teens and Latinx youth. The present study explored associations of morningness/eveningness with anxiety symptoms, depressive symptoms, and perceived stress among Latinx pre-adolescents in Southern California. Methods A purposive sample of 100 Latinx children, ages 10-12 years old, completed self-report surveys in their homes or a preferred location chosen by the parent. Measures included the Morningness/Eveningness Scale for Children (higher scores indicate morning preference), Revised Child Anxiety and Depression Scale and the Perceived Stress Scale (higher scores indicate higher anxiety, depression and stress, respectively). Associations were tested with Pearson correlations. Results The sample was 47% male with a mean±SD age of 10.9±0.8 years. Average score for morningness/eveningness was M=30.2±4.4 (range: 18-41), for anxiety symptoms was M=0.7±0.7 (range: 0-2.8), for depression symptoms was M=0.5±0.4 (range: 0-1.9) and for perceived stress was M=15.2±5.8 (range: 2-30). Greater morningness/eveningness scores, indicating more morningness, were associated with lower scores for anxiety symptoms (r=-.41, p<.001), depressive symptoms (r=-.36, p<.001) and perceived stress (r=-.33, p=.001). Conclusion As has been found for adolescents, higher morningness in Latinx pre-teens was related to less frequent anxiety and depression symptoms, as well as lower perceived stress. Youth experience a circadian phase delay during adolescence, shifting their preference toward eveningness, which may exacerbate stressors and negative mental health. Therefore, interventions to promote psychological well-being in pre-adolescents may help prevent worse psychological outcomes in Latinx children as they transition to adolescence. Support This work was supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under Award Numbers UL1GM118979, TL4GM118980, and RL5GM118978.

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Dietary Behavior and Depressive Symptoms in Late-Life Marriage

Innovation in Aging ◽

10.1093/geroni/igaa057.1190 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽

pp. 369-370

Author(s):

Talha Ali ◽

Gail McAvay ◽

Joan Monin

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Fast Food ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Dietary Behavior ◽

Late Life ◽

Married Couples ◽

Epidemiologic Studies ◽

Living Together ◽

Typical Day

Abstract Epidemiologic studies have linked dietary patterns to psychological health including depression, anxiety, and stress. However, no research has examined dyadic associations between dietary behavior and depressive symptoms in older married couples. In this study, one hundred and one couples 51 to 90 years of age who were married or in a marriage-like relationship and living together for at least 6 months were recruited. Participants completed questionnaires and self-reported their dietary behavior (i.e., the total number of meals, number of snacks, and number of fast-food meals eaten in a typical day and the number of meals they eat alone and eat sitting down). They also completed the 20-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale. Results of the Actor Partner Interdependence Models controlling for income, education, chronic conditions, and marital satisfaction, showed that for wives only, more meals eaten in a day were associated with lower depressive symptoms (actor effect). Additionally, more snacks eaten by the wife and more meals eaten alone by the wife were associated with higher depressive symptoms for the husband (partner effects). Findings suggest that wives’ dietary behavior is particularly important, not only for their own but also their husbands’ mental health in late-life marriage.

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Comparison of Depressive Symptoms and Its Influencing Factors among the Elderly in Urban and Rural Areas: Evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS)

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph18083886 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 18 (8) ◽

pp. 3886

Author(s):

Haixia Liu ◽

Xiaojing Fan ◽

Huanyuan Luo ◽

Zhongliang Zhou ◽

Chi Shen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Marital Status ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Rural Areas ◽

The Elderly ◽

Education Level ◽

Rural Elderly ◽

Social Activities ◽

Reported Health ◽

Urban And Rural Areas

Depression amongst the elderly population is a worldwide public health problem, especially in China. Affected by the urban–rural dual structure, depressive symptoms of the elderly in urban and rural areas are significantly different. In order to compare depressive symptoms and its influencing factors among the elderly in urban and rural areas, we used the data from the fourth wave of the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS). A total of 7690 participants at age 60 or older were included in this study. The results showed that there was a significant difference in the prevalence estimate of depression between urban and rural elderly (χ2 = 10.9.76, p < 0.001). The prevalence of depression among rural elderly was significantly higher than that of urban elderly (OR-unadjusted = 1.88, 95% CI: 1.67 to 2.12). After adjusting for gender, age, marital status, education level, minorities, religious belief, self-reported health, duration of sleep, life satisfaction, chronic disease, social activities and having income or not, the prevalence of depression in rural elderly is 1.52 times (OR = 1.52, 95% CI: 1.32 to 1.76) than that of urban elderly. Gender, education level, self-reported health, duration of sleep, chronic diseases were associated with depression in both urban and rural areas. In addition, social activities were connected with depression in urban areas, while minorities, marital status and having income or not were influencing factors of depression among the rural elderly. The interaction analysis showed that the interaction between marital status, social activities and urban and rural sources was statistically significant (divorced: coefficient was 1.567, p < 0.05; social activities: coefficient was 0.340, p < 0.05), while gender, education level, minorities, self-reported health, duration of sleep, life satisfaction, chronic disease, social activities having income or not and urban and rural sources have no interaction (p > 0.05). Thus, it is necessary to propose targeted and precise intervention strategies to prevent depression after accurately identifying the factors’ effects.

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Association Analysis of GDF5 and Contributing Factors in Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip in Infants

Ortopedia Traumatologia Rehabilitacja ◽

10.5604/01.3001.0015.4348 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 23 (5) ◽

pp. 335-339

Author(s):

Stefan Harsanyi ◽

Radoslav Zamborsky ◽

Lubica Krajciova ◽

Daniel Bohmer ◽

Milan Kokavec ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Association Analysis ◽

Joint Damage ◽

Female Gender ◽

Developmental Dysplasia ◽

Genetic Component ◽

Taqman Assay ◽

Contributing Factors ◽

Chi Square ◽

Dysplasia Of The Hip ◽

Gdf5 Gene

Background. Developmental dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is a developmental disorder which is reported to be associated with hip instability. When untreated, it can lead to irreversible joint damage. DDH is known to be a multifactorial disease involving genetic, mechanical and environmental factors. The greatest causative potential is attributed to the genetic component. Growth Differentiation Factor 5 (GDF5) is among the most studied genes associated with processes of regeneration and maintenance of joints. The aim of this work was to analyse the association of SNP rs143383 in the GDF5 gene and the occurrence of DDH, along with association with various contributing factors in the Caucasian population. Material and methods. A total of 118 samples were analysed for the presence of the mutation. DNA was isolated from all individuals from peripheral blood. SNP rs143383 in the GDF5 gene was genotyped using the TaqMan assay. A standard chi-square test was used to compare allele and genotype distributions in patients and healthy controls. Results. The association analysis of genotypes of DDH and rs143383 revealed a significant association. Also, the association of GDF5 and selected contributing factors was statistically significant in female gender (p=0.002), family history (p<0.001), count of pregnancy (p=0.009), laterality of hip involvement and initial US examination. Conclusions. 1. The results indicate an important effect of rs143383 polymorphism in the GDF5 gene on DDH development. 2. However, our results also suggest that rs143383 is not the only contributing factor in the genetic component of DDH.

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Anxiety, Depression and Academic Performance: A Study Amongst Portuguese Medical Students Versus Non-Medical Students

Acta Médica Portuguesa ◽

10.20344/amp.9996 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 31 (9) ◽

pp. 454 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

João Moreira de Sousa ◽

Cátia A. Moreira ◽

Diogo Telles-Correia

Keyword(s):

Academic Performance ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Medical Students ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Well Being ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Anxiety Symptoms ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Academic Performance

Introduction: The aim of the study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depressive symptoms in Portuguese medical students compared to students of other faculties, and the possible impact those symptoms have on academic performance.Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a sample of 750 students: 512 medical students and 238 nonmedical students. All students anonymously completed a socio-demographic survey and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Statistical analysis was performed using the chi-square test, Mann-Whitney test, Spearman correlation coefficient or Kruskal-Wallis test.Results: We found a prevalence of 21.5% (n = 161) for anxiety symptoms and 3.7% (n = 28) for depressive symptoms. Being a medical student was more significantly associated with symptoms of anxiety (p = 0.034) compared with other students. Depressive symptoms were slightly associated with poor academic performance (p < 0.01). A percentage of 59.6% (n = 96) of students with anxiety symptoms and 46.4% (n = 13) of students with depressive symptoms did not seek medical or psychological care at that time.Discussion: Medical students in this sample seem to have more symptoms of anxiety, possibly explained by a higher number of female students in that sample. Depressive symptoms could be associated with poor academic performance in both groups, but an evident correlation was not established.Conclusion: Considering the high levels of anxiety symptoms, the possible impact of depressive symptoms in academic performance and the lack of psychiatric or psychological follow-up reported in this study, it is urgent to develop adequate means of support to improve students’ well-being and mental health.

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Neighborhood Ties Reduced Depressive Symptoms in Older Disaster Survivors: Iwanuma Study, a Natural Experiment

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17010337 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (1) ◽

pp. 337 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Yuri Sasaki ◽

Taishi Tsuji ◽

Shihoko Koyama ◽

Yukako Tani ◽

Tami Saito ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Psychological Health ◽

Local Governments ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Evaluation Study ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Before And After ◽

Post Disaster

Objective: As most studies relating to mental health and disasters have employed cross-sectional or follow-up assessments about psychological health with post-disaster information, the association between changes in social ties and mental health remains unclear. We examined the relationship between the changes in survivor neighborhood ties and depressive symptoms before and after a natural disaster. Methods: Participants were 3567 individuals aged ≥65 years living in Iwanuma city who had responded to questionnaires by the Japan Gerontological Evaluation Study both predating the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami, and 2.5 years afterward. Changes in the depressive symptoms were assessed using the geriatric depression scale (GDS) at the baseline and follow-up survey. Changes in the neighborhood ties were assessed by asking the participants about their interactions with people in their neighborhood. Possible confounders were adjusted in a linear regression model. Results: Among the 3111 participants in this analysis, 1073 (34.5%) had increased GDS score after the disaster. There were 336 (10.8%) individuals who had neighborhood ties before the disaster, but had no ties afterward; their mean GDS score increased from 2.93 points in 2010 to 3.19 points in 2013. Among those who had not had ties before and after the disaster the mean GDS score remained almost stable, from 2.19 points in 2010 to 2.12 points in 2013. The participants with post-disaster ties were significantly less likely to have an increased GDS score compared with those who had not had ties before and after the disaster (β = −0.39; 95% confidence interval: −0.72, −0.06). Conclusions: Increased neighborhood ties after the disaster reduced the risk of depressive symptoms even when survivors suffered disaster damages. The study reinforces the importance of social capital in disaster recovery and suggests to local governments and local communities that fostering horizontal, neighborhood ties may improve disaster preparedness and mental health resilience.

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Mild Cognitive Impairment and Depressive Symptoms in Elderly Patients with Diabetes: Prevalence, Risk Factors, and Comorbidity

Journal of Diabetes Research ◽

10.1155/2014/179648 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 2014 ◽

pp. 1-7 ◽

Cited By ~ 35

Author(s):

Malgorzata Gorska-Ciebiada ◽

Malgorzata Saryusz-Wolska ◽

Maciej Ciebiada ◽

Jerzy Loba

Keyword(s):

Cognitive Impairment ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽

Marital Status ◽

Insulin Treatment ◽

Smoking Status ◽

Female Gender ◽

Depressive Mood ◽

Depressive Syndrome ◽

History Of

The aim of the study was to estimate the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment (MCI), depressive syndrome cases, and its comorbidity, and to identify predictors of these conditions.Methods. 276 diabetics elders were screened for MCI and depressive symptoms. Detailed information of history of diabetes, and data of BMI, HbA1c, and blood lipids were collected.Results. The prevalence of MCI was 31.5%, depressive syndrome was 29.7%, and MCI with coexisting depressive mood was 9.1%. The logistic regression analysis revealed that variables which increased the likelihood of having been diagnosed with MCI were: higher HbA1c level, previous CVD, hypertension, retinopathy, increased number of comorbidities, and less years of formal education. Significant predictors of having a depressive mood included female gender, single marital status, current and past smoking status, lack of physical activity, higher BMI and total cholesterol level, increased number of comorbidities, history of hypoglycemia, and insulin treatment. Factors associated with both MCI and depressive syndrome were female gender, single marital status, past smoking status, retinopathy, previous CVD or stroke, increased number of comorbidities, and insulin treatment.Conclusions. Depressive symptoms, MCI, and its comorbidity are common in elderly subjects with type 2 diabetes. Systematic screening could result in the identification of high-risk patients.

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