Nutrition and Cardiovascular Disease—a Brief Review of Epidemiological Studies in Japan

Traditional risk factors are incompletely predictive of cardiovascular disease development, a leading cause of death in the elderly. Recent epidemiological studies have shown that human aging is associated with an increased frequency of somatic mutations in the hematopoietic system, which provide a competitive advantage to a mutant cell, thus allowing for its clonal expansion, a phenomenon known as clonal hematopoiesis. Unexpectedly, these mutations have been associated with a higher incidence of cardiovascular disease, suggesting a previously unrecognized connection between somatic mutations in hematopoietic cells and cardiovascular disease. Here, we provide an up-to-date review of clonal hematopoiesis and its association with aging and cardiovascular disease. We also give a detailed report of the experimental studies that have been instrumental in understanding the relationship between clonal hematopoiesis and cardiovascular disease and have shed light on the mechanisms by which hematopoietic somatic mutations contribute to disease pathology.

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The Relationship Between Antioxidant Nutrient Intake and Cataracts in Older People

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.76.6.359 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 76 (6) ◽

pp. 359-366 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

Rodríguez-Rodríguez ◽

Ortega ◽

López-Sobaler ◽

Aparicio ◽

Bermejo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Vitamin C ◽

Older People ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Protective Effect ◽

Elderly People ◽

Nutrient Intake ◽

Institutionalized Elderly ◽

Weighing Method ◽

The Relationship

This study investigated the relationship between the intake of antioxidant nutrients and the suffering of cataracts in 177 institutionalized elderly people (61 men and 116 women) aged ≥ 65 years. Dietary intake was monitored for 7 consecutive days using a "precise individual weighing" method. Subjects, who during their earlier years were exposed by their work to sunlight, had a greater risk of suffering cataracts (OR = 3.2; Cl: 1.1–9.3, P < 0.05) than those who worked indoors. A relationship was found between increased vitamin C intake and a reduced prevalence of cataracts (i.e., when comparing those above P95 for vitamin C intake with those below P5; (OR = 0.08; Cl: 0.01–0.75, P 0.05). Among subjects with cataracts, 12.1% had vitamin C intakes of < 61 mg/day (P10) and only 2.2% had intakes of > 183 mg/day (P95) (p < 0.01). Subjects who consumed > 3290 μg/day (P95) of lutein were less likely to have cataracts (OR = 0.086; Cl: 0.007–1.084; p < 0.05) than those whose consumption was < 256 μg/day (P5). In men, high intakes of zeaxanthin seemed to provide a protective effect against the problem (OR = 0.96; Cl: 0.91–0.99; p < 0.05). The results suggest an association exists between exposure to sunlight and the development of cataracts, and that vitamin C, lutein, and zeaxanthin offer some protection against this disorder.

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Hyperuricemia as risk factor for cardiovascular disease – what’s new?

Medical alphabet ◽

10.33667/2078-5631-2020-13-5-11 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 5-11

Author(s):

Yu. V. Zhernakova

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Chronic Kidney Disease ◽

Uric Acid ◽

Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Point Of View ◽

Medical Society ◽

High Cardiovascular Risk ◽

Management Algorithm ◽

Russian Medical

A significant number of epidemiological studies have shown that hyperuricemia is highly associated with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease, chronic kidney disease, and diabetes. In this connection, increased attention is required to monitor serum uric acid levels in patients, not only from a rheumatological point of view, but also with regard to reducing cardiovascular and renal risks. This article is a review of studies on the association of hyperuricemia with cardiovascular risk and a new consensus for the management of patients with hyperuricemia and high cardiovascular risk, published in december 2019 by a group of experts of the Russian Medical Society for Arterial Hypertension, which, among other things, includes a management algorithm of this category of patients.

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The Relationship between Immigration Status and Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors in United States Adults with Diabetes—A 14-Year Study

Diabetes ◽

10.2337/db18-1491-p ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 67 (Supplement 1) ◽

pp. 1491-P

Author(s):

APRILL DAWSON ◽

EMMA GARACCI ◽

MUKOSO N. OZIEH ◽

REBEKAH J. WALKER ◽

LEONARD E. EGEDE

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk ◽

Cardiovascular Disease Risk Factors ◽

Immigration Status ◽

The Relationship

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Potential Role of Inflammation in Associations between Particulate Matter and Heart Failure

Current Pharmaceutical Design ◽

10.2174/1381612824666180110150550 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 341-358 ◽

Cited By ~ 7

Author(s):

Xiaotong Ji ◽

Yingying Zhang ◽

Guangke Li ◽

Nan Sang

Keyword(s):

Heart Failure ◽

Particulate Matter ◽

Inflammatory Response ◽

Heart Diseases ◽

Experimental Studies ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Inflammatory Mechanism ◽

High Concentrations ◽

Future Work ◽

The Relationship

Recently, numerous studies have found that particulate matter (PM) exposure is correlated with increased hospitalization and mortality from heart failure (HF). In addition to problems with circulation, HF patients often display high expression of cytokines in the failing heart. Thus, as a recurring heart problem, HF is thought to be a disorder characterized in part by the inflammatory response. In this review, we intend to discuss the relationship between PM exposure and HF that is based on inflammatory mechanism and to provide a comprehensive, updated evaluation of the related studies. Epidemiological studies on PM-induced heart diseases are focused on high concentrations of PM, high pollutant load exposure in winter, or susceptible groups with heart diseases, etc. Furthermore, it appears that the relationship between fine or ultrafine PM and HF is stronger than that between HF and coarse PM. However, fewer studies paid attention to PM components. As for experimental studies, it is worth noting that coarse PM may indirectly promote the inflammatory response in the heart through systematic circulation of cytokines produced primarily in the lungs, while ultrafine PM and its components can enter circulation and further induce inflammation directly in the heart. In terms of PM exposure and enhanced inflammation during the pathogenesis of HF, this article reviews the following mechanisms: hemodynamics, oxidative stress, Toll-like receptors (TLRs) and epigenetic regulation. However, many problems are still unsolved, and future work will be needed to clarify the complex biologic mechanisms and to identify the specific components of PM responsible for adverse effects on heart health.

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Adolescent smoking behavior and communication with parents: Depression as a mediator and gender as a moderator

Social Behavior and Personality An International Journal ◽

10.2224/sbp.8262 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 47 (10) ◽

pp. 1-9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Xieping Chen ◽

Qian Xie ◽

Yuting Yang

Keyword(s):

Smoking Behavior ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Epidemiological Studies ◽

Adolescent Smoking ◽

Junior High Schools ◽

Test Results ◽

Negative Effect ◽

And Gender ◽

The Relationship ◽

Communication Scale

Parent–adolescent communication is assumed to be an important factor affecting adolescent smoking behavior. However, the inner mechanism accounting for this association has still not been clarified in research. Our purpose in this study was to examine the relationships between parent–adolescent communication, adolescent smoking behavior, and depression, as well as gender differences in the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Participants were 1,134 students at 6 junior high schools in China who completed the Parent-Adolescent Communication Scale, the Epidemiological Studies Depression Scale, and the Smoking Behavior Test. Results showed that parent-adolescent communication had a significant negative effect on adolescent smoking behavior and depression partially mediated the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior. In addition, gender moderated the relationship between depression and adolescent smoking behavior. Overall, these findings may help to promote better understanding of the relationship between parent–adolescent communication and adolescent smoking behavior.

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New Views on the Relationship of Plasma Lipids to Cardiovascular Disease

Circulation ◽

10.1161/01.cir.95.6.1347 ◽

1997 ◽

Vol 95 (6) ◽

pp. 1347-1348 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Russell P. Tracy ◽

Paula B. Tracy

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Plasma Lipids ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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THE RELATIONSHIP OF OBESITY AND LOW HANDGRIP STRENGTH OR SARCOPENIC OBESITY AS A PREDICTOR OF THE PRESENCE OF CARDIOVASCULAR DISEASE

Journal of the American College of Cardiology ◽

10.1016/s0735-1097(20)32913-2 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 75 (11) ◽

pp. 2286

Author(s):

Jose Patricio Lopez ◽

Patricio Lopez-Jaramillo ◽

Paul A. Camacho ◽

Darryl Leong ◽

Sumathy Rangarajan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Handgrip Strength ◽

Sarcopenic Obesity ◽

Relationship Of ◽

The Relationship

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Cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis: is there a link between lipids and bone?

Annals of Clinical Biochemistry International Journal of Laboratory Medicine ◽

10.1258/0004563021902134 ◽

2002 ◽

Vol 39 (3) ◽

pp. 203-210 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

John R Burnett ◽

Samuel D Vasikaran

Keyword(s):

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Bone Density ◽

Vascular Calcification ◽

Cholesterol Biosynthesis ◽

Hormone Replacement ◽

Plasma Lipid ◽

Clinical Effects ◽

Cardiovascular Morbidity And Mortality ◽

The Relationship

Atherosclerotic heart disease and osteoporosis are both diseases of old age. Evidence is accumulating for a link between vascular and bone disease. Calcification is a common feature of atherosclerotic plaques, and osteoporosis is associated with both atherosclerosis and vascular calcification. However, the relationship of vascular calcification to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis remains incompletely understood. Hormone replacement therapy has beneficial effects in the prevention of both atherosclerosis and osteoporosis. Bisphosphonates inhibit bone resorption and are used in the treatment of osteoporosis, whereas the statins inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis and are used for the treatment of atherosclerosis. We have reviewed recent advances in the knowledge of the actions of bisphosphonates and statins at the cellular, molecular and end-organ levels in order to examine the relationship between cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis and to explore the link between lipids and bones. These studies suggest that the mechanism of actions of these two classes of drugs at the cellular level may not be mutually exclusive. There are some early clinical data to complement these findings, suggesting that statins increase bone density and bisphosphonates may have a beneficial effect in vivo on plasma lipid levels and on the atherosclerotic process. Properly designed prospective studies that examine the effect of statins on bone density and fractures, as well as the effects of bisphosphonates on lipid profiles, atherosclerotic progression and cardiovascular morbidity and mortality are needed to define clearly the clinical effects and potential new roles for these agents.

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HIV and cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa: Demographic and Health Survey data for 4 countries

BMC Public Health ◽

10.1186/s12889-021-11218-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Leonard E. Egede ◽

Rebekah J. Walker ◽

Patricia Monroe ◽

Joni S. Williams ◽

Jennifer A. Campbell ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Cardiovascular Disease ◽

Health Survey ◽

Survey Design ◽

Logistic Models ◽

Population Data ◽

Demographic And Health Survey ◽

Sub Saharan Africa ◽

Sub Saharan ◽

The Relationship

Abstract Background Investigate the relationship between two common cardiovascular diseases and HIV in adults living in sub-Saharan Africa using population data provided through the Demographic and Health Survey. Methods Data for four sub-Saharan countries were used. All adults asked questions regarding diagnosis of HIV, diabetes, and hypertension were included in the sample totaling 5356 in Lesotho, 3294 in Namibia, 9917 in Senegal, and 1051 in South Africa. Logistic models were run for each country separately, with self-reported diabetes as the first outcome and self-reported hypertension as the second outcome and HIV status as the primary independent variable. Models were adjusted for age, gender, rural/urban residence and BMI. Complex survey design allowed weighting to the population. Results Prevalence of self-reported diabetes ranged from 3.8% in Namibia to 0.5% in Senegal. Prevalence of self-reported hypertension ranged from 22.9% in Namibia to 0.6% in Senegal. In unadjusted models, individuals with HIV in Lesotho were 2 times more likely to have self-reported diabetes (OR = 2.01, 95% CI 1.08–3.73), however the relationship lost significance after adjustment. Individuals with HIV were less likely to have self-reported diabetes after adjustment in Namibia (OR = 0.29, 95% CI 0.12–0.72) and less likely to have self-reported hypertension after adjustment in Lesotho (OR = 0.63, 95% CI 0.47–0.83). Relationships were not significant for Senegal or South Africa. Discussion HIV did not serve as a risk factor for self-reported cardiovascular disease in sub-Saharan Africa during the years included in this study. However, given the growing prevalence of diabetes and hypertension in the region, and the high prevalence of undiagnosed cardiovascular disease, it will be important to continue to track and monitor cardiovascular disease at the population level and in individuals with and without HIV. Conclusions The odds of self-reported diabetes in individuals with HIV was high in Lesotho and low in Namibia, while the odds of self-reported hypertension in individuals with HIV was low across all 4 countries included in this study. Programs are needed to target individuals that need to manage multiple diseases at once and should consider increasing access to cardiovascular disease management programs for older adults, individuals with high BMI, women, and those living in urban settings.

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