Expectations for the Methodology and Translation of Animal Research: A Survey of the General Public, Medical Students and Animal Researchers in North America

2016 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 361-381
Author(s):  
Ari R. Joffe ◽  
Meredith Bara ◽  
Natalie Anton ◽  
Nathan Nobis
1938 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 65-75
Author(s):  
J. Owen Stalson

Colonial America gave little thought to life insurance selling. The colonists secured protection against marine risks from private underwriters, first in London, eventually at home. It has been asserted that Philadelphia had no fire insurance until 1752; Boston none before 1795. The first corporations formed in this country for insuring lives were those of the Presbyterian Ministers Fund (1759) and a similar company organized for the benefit of Episcopal ministers (1769). Neither of these corporations offered insurance to the general public. In the last decade of the eighteenth century many insurance companies were formed in the United States. At least five were chartered to underwrite life risks, but only one, The Insurance Company of North America, appears to have accepted any. There is no basis for saying that any of these early companies tried to sell life insurance.


Author(s):  
Niveditha Das E. ◽  
Paul T. Francis

Background: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer among women in developing countries including India. Human papilloma virus (HPV) infection of the cervix is the most common risk factor for cervical cancer. HPV infection is widespread and occurs soon after becoming sexually active. Lack of hygiene and multiple sexual partners increases the risk of chronic HPV infection. HPV vaccine offers protection against cervical cancer. However the knowledge about HPV and vaccine is very limited among the general public. Knowledge among doctors is essential to provide timely advice to the target population.  This study aims to measure the awareness among female medical students in a medical college in Kerala.Methods: 1st to 4th year female medical students of Amrita School of Medicine were administered an anonymous, validated self-administered pretested questionnaire. Only students who had volunteered and given consent were included in the study. 165 students participated in the study.Results: The overall knowledge about cervical cancer its causation and prevention was good only in about 40%. However 83% had a positive attitude towards HPV vaccine and were willing to take the vaccine.  Only 6% had been vaccinated against HPV.Conclusions: There is a need to emphasize the aetiology and preventive measures of cervical cancer in the curriculum of MBBS students. In-depth knowledge among future doctors is essential for dissemination of knowledge to general public and timely preventive intervention.


1991 ◽  
Vol 118 (2) ◽  
pp. 195-274 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. J. H. Milne ◽  
G. M. Bagot ◽  
A. C. Buchanan ◽  
A. R. Goodman ◽  
A. K. Gupta ◽  
...  

ABSTRACTThis paper presents the results of research into the marketing of the actuarial profession including a SWOT analysis, public awareness and image of the profession amongst target groups (general public, undergraduates, journalists, company directors, pension scheme trustees and insurance intermediaries), and the desire to allocate more resources to the profession's public awareness and image. The paper also contains an analysis of the national press coverage achieved by the profession and reports on developments in North America where a task force on strengthening the actuarial profession has been set up.


2008 ◽  
Vol 25 (4) ◽  
pp. i-vi
Author(s):  
Katherine Bullock

One of the paradoxes facing conservative Muslims in North America is that whiletheir apologetic literature stresses “Islam as justice” – that justice is the paradigmaticQur’anic virtue after piety – in the eyes of the general public the progressiveMuslims have claimed the mantle of justice. This is a shame, since conservative ortraditionalMuslims are held to be generally unjust, whereas, as followers of Islam’straditional teachings, they ought to be at the forefront of the struggle for social andeconomic justice. There are two dimensions to this perception: one is externallygenerated and constitutes a very real threat to NorthAmerica’sMuslims; the secondone is internally generated and constitutes a significant barrier to Islam’s positivereception by NorthAmerican society.It is not an original statement to note that Islam’s general public image is bad.Many scholars, among them Edward Said, Karim Karim, and Jack Shaheen, havedemonstrated time and again how the western legacy of Orientalism moved out ofthe academy and into the secular media with the rise of the film and print mediaindustries. Such post-9/11 experts as Mahmoud Hamdani have noted the refining ofthis image into a “good Muslim”/“bad Muslim” dichotomy. The secular or “moderate”Muslims receive the accolade of the “good Muslims,” while traditional andconservativeMuslims are the “badMuslims.” Efforts by Daniel Pipes and other neoconservativewriters to ensure that the general public and policy makers do not distinguishbetween moderate conservatives and those who endorse violence to achievetheir goals have, unfortunately, been very successful.The Clarion Fund’s mass mailing of the DVD “Radical Obsession” to 28 millionhouseholds in September 2008 clarifies the enormous power behind such neoconservativegoals. “Radical Obsession,” which purports to be only about jihadism,manages through its imagery to connect allMuslims to violence.An excellently executedpiece of propaganda, it will likely have the desired goal: creating fear in thegeneral public’s mind about conservative Muslims. (Secular and progressiveMuslims will also suffer in the long run, as the general public will not be able to distinguishbetween a secular and a non-secular Muslim, which is why the supportvoiced by some of these Muslims vis-à-vis the DVD is disappointing, to say the least.) ...


2021 ◽  
pp. 114-118
Author(s):  
M.M. Kanarskij ◽  

Examined is the problem of lowering of birth rate, provoking serious anxiety in number of developed countries of Europe, North America and Asia. In Russia solution of this problem declared national priority, and for its solution are spending solid economic resources. One of reasons of lowering birth rate in Russia is in changing of attitude of the youth to the institute of marriage and family as well as egocentric vector of interests of personality. In our research, we evaluate attitude to marriage of medical students in Russian university, and also their life principles and orientations as to formation of a family.


2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Nie ◽  
Kelby Smith-Han ◽  
Ella Iosua ◽  
Simon Walker

Abstract Background Previous studies report a majority of the general public support euthanasia/assisted dying (EAD), while a majority of doctors are opposed. In considering policy decisions about EAD, some may discount the views of doctors because they take them to be based on personal values or tradition, rather than reasons that the general public might share. One way to explore this notion is to examine whether medical students’ views change during their medical education. The objective of this study was to learn how New Zealand medical students view EAD and whether students at different year levels have different views. Methods An on-line survey of undergraduate medical students was conducted asking whether they supported a law change to allow EAD. Quantitative data was analysed using unadjusted and multiple logistic regression. Thematic analysis was conducted with the qualitative data. Results A total of 326 students replied to the survey. The overall response rate was 28%. 65% of 2nd year students were supportive of EAD, compared to 39% in 5th year. The odds of 5th year students supporting a law change compared to 2nd year was 0.30 (95% CI: 0.15–0.60). The predominant themes found in the qualitative results indicate that medical students support or oppose EAD for reasons similar to those found in the wider debate, and that their views are influenced by a range of factors. However, several at all year levels cited an aspect of medical school as having influenced their views. This was mentioned by participants who were supportive of, opposed to, or unsure about EAD, but it was the type of influence most often mentioned by those who were opposed. Conclusions The quantitative findings show students at the end of 5th year were less likely to support EAD than students at the end of 2nd year. We suggest that this difference is most likely due to their time in medical education. This suggests that the lower support found among doctors is in part related to medical education and medical work rather than age, personality, or social context. The qualitative findings indicate that this is not related to a particular educational experience at Otago Medical School but a range.


Author(s):  
S Khalid ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
MM Hafeez ◽  
A Malik

Self-medication with antibiotics is a most rapidly emerging problem especially in developing countries like Pakistan. Antibiotics are easily accessible to the general public without consulting any practitioner even without prescriptions. So there are many risks linked to the inappropriate use of antibiotics. The main aim of this study was to assess the wrong practice of self-medication in public sector universities of southern Punjab. The current study also compares the self-medication practices in various departments of universities. A validated questionnaire was used to collect data. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data and inferential statistics (chi-square test). The study was included data from 900 students including both males and females from various departments. Among 900 students, 450 students of medical while 450 were non-medical students. Frequency of self-medication was found to 57 %. The antibiotics more frequently use for self-medication were Augmentin (37 %), Amoxicillin (23 %). Fever and cough were the most frequent indication for the use of self-medicated antibiotics. Because of their sufficient knowledge of pharmacology, most students were self-medicated (40%). Academic knowledge is the principal source of antibiotic information (60%). Just (39%) of the students thought that self-medication is part of the self-core, 31% of the students perceived that the availability of non-prescription drugs could prevent the growing trend of self-medication with antibiotics. 30% of students perceived that antibiotics were aware of the harms of self-medication or informed about them. Based on this study, it can be concluded that a high proportion of medical students and non-medical students use antibiotics without medical prescription and such practices are more common in the general public sector.


2022 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 44-45
Author(s):  
Shizuma Tsuchiya ◽  
Kris Siriratsivawong ◽  
Atsuko Furuta ◽  
Makiko Arima ◽  
Yusuke Takamiya ◽  
...  

It has been consistently reported that medical students experience a high rate of psychological morbidity, depersonalization, and low personal accomplishment around the world. Under the circumstances, resilience-enhancing programs have been gathering attention and partially implemented even in Japan. However, most of the programs just imitate resiliency programs in North America even though studies have indicated that there are cultural differences between East Asia and North America in the capacity to cope with a stressful situation. The presenters investigated what factors might affect the similarities or differences in the perception of resilience among experienced palliative care physicians in Canada and Japan in 2017-2018. This study showed that Japanese physicians are more likely to rely on “Relationships” with other persons such as family members, friends, mentors or colleagues; in contrast, Canadian physicians tended to be more focused on individual factors such as “Autonomy” and “Confidence”. As a result, the presenters at Showa University School of Medicine in Japan have implemented a progressively advancing resiliency program in a passed manner for the 1st through 6th year medical students as part of a new curriculum. This represents one of the most drastic revisions of curriculum in the school’s history. This presentation will introduce a course for resiliency programs as part of a new curriculum, including course description, course content, educational objectives, instructional strategies and the tips for the classroom teaching and learning.  


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luke Nie ◽  
Kelby Smith-Han ◽  
Ella Iosua ◽  
Simon Walker

Abstract Background Previous studies report a majority of the general public support euthanasia/assisted dying (EAD), while a majority of doctors are opposed. In considering policy decisions about EAD, some may discount the views of doctors because they take them to be based on personal values or tradition, rather than reasons that the general public might share. One way to explore this notion is to examine whether medical students’ views change during medical education. The objective of this study was to learn how New Zealand medical students view EAD and whether their views change during medical education. MethodsAn on-line survey of undergraduate medical students was conducted. Quantitative data was analysed using unadjusted and multiple logistic regression. Thematic analysis was conducted with the qualitative data.Results A total of 326 students replied to the survey. The overall response rate was 28%. 65% of 2nd year students were supportive of EAD, compared to 39% in 5th year. The odds of 5th year students supporting a law change compared to 2nd year was 0.30 (95%CI 0.15-0.60). The predominant themes found in the qualitative results indicate that medical students support or oppose EAD for reasons similar to those found in the wider debate, and that their views are influenced by a range of factors. However, several at all year levels cited an aspect of medical school as having influenced their views. This was mentioned by participants who were supportive of, opposed to, or unsure about EAD, but it was the type of influence most often mentioned by those who were opposed. ConclusionsThe quantitative findings suggest that aspects of medical education made students less likely to support EAD. The qualitative findings indicate that this is not related to a single educational experience at Otago Medical School but a range. Together, these findings suggest that the lower support found among doctors is in part related to medical education and medical work rather than age, personality, or social context. They indicate a practical basis to ethical and professional formation that should be considered in curriculum design, policy decisions and when interpreting public opinion surveys on this issue.


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