scholarly journals How diverse are the samples used to study intimate relationships? A systematic review

2021 ◽  
pp. 026540752110538
Author(s):  
Hannah C Williamson ◽  
Jerica X Bornstein ◽  
Veronica Cantu ◽  
Oyku Ciftci ◽  
Krystan A Farnish ◽  
...  

The social and behavioral sciences have long suffered from a lack of diversity in the samples used to study a broad array of phenomena. In an attempt to move toward a more contextually-informed approach, multiple subfields have undertaken meta-science studies of the diversity and inclusion of underrepresented groups in their body of literature. The current study is a systematic review of the field of relationship science aimed at examining the state of diversity and inclusion in this field. Relationship-focused papers published in five top relationship science journals from 2014 to 2018 ( N = 559 articles, containing 771 unique studies) were reviewed. Studies were coded for research methods (e.g., sample source, dyadic data, observational data, and experimental design) and sample characteristics (e.g., age, education, income, race/ethnicity, and sexual orientation). Results indicate that the modal participant in a study of romantic relationships is 30 years old, White, American, middle-class, college educated, and involved in a different-sex, same-race relationship. Additionally, only 74 studies (10%) focused on traditionally underrepresented groups (i.e., non-White, low-income, and/or sexual and gender minorities). Findings underscore the need for greater inclusion of underrepresented groups to ensure the validity and credibility of relationship science. We conclude with general recommendations for the field.

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hannah Camille Williamson

Psychological science has long suffered from a lack of diversity in the samples used to study a broad array of phenomena. In an attempt to push psychological science toward a more contextually-informed approach, multiple subfields have undertaken meta-science studies of the diversity and inclusion of underrepresented groups in their body of literature. The current study is a systematic review of the field of relationship science aimed at examining the state of diversity and inclusion in this field. Relationship-focused papers published in five top relationship science journals from 2014-2018 (N = 538 articles, containing 750 unique studies) were reviewed. Studies were coded for research methods (e.g., sample source, dyadic data, observational data, experimental design) and sample characteristics (e.g., age, education, income, race/ethnicity, sexual orientation). Results indicate that the modal participant in a study of romantic relationships is 30 years old, White, American, middle-class, college educated, and involved in a different-sex, same-race relationship. Additionally, only 68 studies (9%) focused on traditionally underrepresented groups (i.e., non-White, low-income, and/or sexual and gender minorities). Findings underscore the need for greater inclusion of underrepresented groups to ensure the validity and credibility of relationship science. We conclude with general recommendations for the field.


2010 ◽  
Vol 3 (3) ◽  
pp. 355-375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle Billies

The work of the Welfare Warriors Research Collaborative (WWRC), a participatory action research (PAR) project that looks at how low income lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and gender nonconforming (LG-BTGNC) people survive and resist violence and discrimination in New York City, raises the question of what it means to make conscientization, or critical consciousness, a core feature of PAR. Guishard's (2009) reconceptualization of conscientization as “moments of consciousness” provides a new way of looking at what seemed to be missing from WWRC's process and analysis. According to Guishard, rather than a singular awakening, critical consciousness emerges continually through interactions with others and the social context. Analysis of the WWRC's process demonstrates that PAR researchers doing “PAR deep” (Fine, 2008)—research in which community members share in all aspects of design, method, analysis and product development—should have an agenda for developing critical consciousness, just as they would have agendas for participation, for action, and for research.


2016 ◽  
Vol 19 (5) ◽  
pp. 480-502 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roni Strier ◽  
Zvi Eisikovits ◽  
Laura Sigad ◽  
Eli Buchbinder

Despite the alarming numbers of workers living in poverty in developed countries, work is still commonly seen as a way out of poverty. From a social constructivist perspective and based on qualitative research of the working poor in Israel, the article explores low-income Arab and Jewish working men’s views of poverty. It addresses research topics such as the meaning of work, the perception of the workplace, and the experience of poverty and coping strategies. In addition, the article examines the presence of ethnic differences in the social construction of in-work poverty. At the theoretical level, the article questions dominant views of work as the main exit from poverty, highlights the impact of gender and ethnicity in the construction of in-work poverty, and suggests the need for more context and gender-informed policies to respond to the complexity of the male working poor population.


Author(s):  
Tonya Littlejohn ◽  
Tonia Poteat ◽  
Chris Beyrer

Sexual and gender minorities (LGBT persons) are more visible and mobilized than ever. In some countries, that visibility and activism have contributed to the advancement of sexual and gender rights. Nevertheless, and despite those gains, stigma, discrimination, and criminalization of these populations persist and have impeded efforts to address their public health needs. As a result, sexual and gender minorities continue to experience a range of health disparities, and overall face a disproportionately high burden of mental health issues, HIV/AIDS, and other illnesses. This chapter explores core ethical challenges and debates that impact health promotion and prevention efforts with sexual and gender minorities, with a focus on issues arising in public health surveillance and interventions, and on understanding the social and political context that impacts the lived reality of sexual and gender minorities.


2021 ◽  
Vol 156 (Supplement_1) ◽  
pp. S120-S120
Author(s):  
M Abdelmonem ◽  
H Wasim ◽  
M Abdelmonem

Abstract Introduction/Objective Employee engagement is one of the most critical elements for the success of any organization. Proper engagement of the employees often leads to the success of an organization, while poor employee engagement often leads to the failure of an organization. Diversity is the presence of differences within an organization, such as differences in race, ethnicity, gender, sexual orientation, disability, or any other number of things. Inclusion is the practice of ensuring that people feel a sense of belonging and support from the organization. Methods/Case Report A retrospective study was performed at a mid-size hospital in California. The overall employee engagement score was recorded twelve months before and after founding a diversity and inclusion council. The diversity and inclusion council consisted of 12 members from all different races and gender, sexual orientations, disabilities, and socioeconomic status includes clinicians, administrators, and employees from all different hospital departments. On top of the 12 councils, nine Employee Resources Groups (ERG) represent minorities and underrepresented groups. Results (if a Case Study enter NA) The employee engagement score for 12 months (January 2019 to December 2019) for fully engaged employees was 29.5%, while the employee engagement score for 12 months (January 2020 to December 2020) for fully engaged employees was 49.3. The diversity and inclusion council was founded at the end of 2019. The data was obtained from the annual employee engagement survey. Conclusion There was a significant improvement (59.8%) in employee engagement score after launching the diversity and inclusion council. Diversity and inclusion promote the development and advancement of underrepresented groups in the laboratory through professional development courses and training. It actively creates a productive work environment within the laboratory that is free of harassment and bullying. Diversity and inclusion are vital for the laboratory to improve employee engagement scores, production, employees retentions, and laboratory financial performance.


2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samia Tasnim ◽  
Nusrat Fahmida Trisha ◽  
Qiping Fan ◽  
Abida Sultana ◽  
Shayla Haque Mishu ◽  
...  

Background:High burden of mental disorders among sexual minorities including lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender population is well documented. Digital platforms are increasingly being used by sexual minorities to communicate with each other, but there is no systematic review of digital interventions that can improve mental health among sexual minorities. This systematic review identified and evaluated the digital interventions for mental health among different sexual minorities.Methodology:We searched literature from six major databases and included studies published in the English language, describing interventions that have a component to improve mental health among any of the sexual minorities delivered through any of the digital platforms, and reporting mental health outcomes.Results:Among 1936 citations, only 11 studies fulfilled our criteria. In those studies, most (n=9) interventions were implemented in the U.S. The interventions included varying components including on increasing acceptance and affirmation, increase social support and health education, cognitive behavioral therapy to manage stress, depression, anxiety and other mental health conditions. Only 6 studies had randomized control design. Most of the studies reported reduction in bi/homonegativity and increased affirmation, decreased smoking and substance abuse, improved coping skills, reduced level of depression, anxiety, and stress among participants in the intervention groups.Conclusion:To our knowledge, this is the first systematic review that evaluated digital intervention for mental health among sexual and gender minorities. Despite a low number of studies and heterogeneity across studies, the findings suggest potential improvements in mental health among sexual and gender minorities using digital interventions.


2021 ◽  
pp. 124-141
Author(s):  
Luiz Paulo Ribeiro ◽  
Mariana Esteves da Costa ◽  
Isabella Campos Freitas D’Avila

La Educación es un derecho de todos y deber de la escuela, de la familia y de la sociedad sin embargo no siempre se muestra democrática cuando se trata de las minorías sexuales y de género. En Brasil las violencias y estigmatizaciones de estudiantes LGBTI ocasionan baja escolaridad y muchos otros desdoblamientos sociales. Pensando en ello, la población LGBTI, a través de movimientos políticos y sociales, ha procurado garantizar el derecho de acceso y permanencia en las escuelas. Así, este trabajo tiene como objetivo explicitar cómo las acciones del movimiento LGBTI han contribuido históricamente a las transformaciones en la educación. Consideramos que los cambios en la Educación suceden, entre otras, por medio de la influencia de esos sujetos, y por aquellos que entienden la importancia del respeto a la diversidad en las instituciones educativas, que se muestran como espacio hostil marcado, a veces, por la cisheteronormatividad. Por medio del concepto de minorías activas, buscamos comprender cómo los sujetos LGBTI se contraponen a las reglas y normas sociales impuestas por la mayoría e influyen en las transformaciones sociales. Entendemos que la reproducción de normas y patrones de comportamiento en el ambiente educativo tiende a una lógica antidemocrática, en la que los alumnos no son plenamente respetados cuando presentan identidades y sexualidades consideradas disidentes. Education is a right of all and a duty of school, family and society, however it is not always democratic when it comes to sexual and gender minorities. In Brazil, the violence and stigmatization of LGBTI students cause low schooling and many other social developments. Thinking about it, the LGBTI population has sought to guarantee the right of access and permanence in educational institutions through political and social movement. Thus, this work aims to clarify how the actions of the LGBTI movement has been contributing historically to the transformations in education. We consider that changes in Education happen, among others, through the influence of these subjects, and by those who understand the importance of respect for diversity in School, which shows itself as a hostile space marked, sometimes, by cis-heteronormativity. Through the concept of active minorities, we seek to understand how LGBTI individuals oppose the social rules and norms imposed by the majority and influence social transformations. We understand that the reproduction of rules and patterns of behavior in the educational environment tends to an anti-democratic logic, in which the students are not fully respected when they present identities and sexualities considered dissident. A Educação é um direito de todos e dever da escola, da família e da sociedade, entretanto nem sempre se mostra democrática quando se trata das minorias sexuais e de gênero. No Brasil, as violências e estigmatizações de estudantes LGBTI ocasionam baixa escolaridade e muitos outros desdobramentos sociais. Pensando nisso, a população LGBTI, através de movimentação política e social, tem buscado garantir o direito de acesso e permanência nas instituições de ensino. Assim, este trabalho tem como objetivo explicitar como as ações do movimento LGBTI têm contribuído historicamente para as transformações na educação. Consideramos que as mudanças na Educação acontecem, entre outros fatores, por meio da influência desses sujeitos, e por aqueles que entendem a importância do respeito à diversidade na Escola, que se mostra como um espaço hostil marcado, por vezes, pela cisheteronormatividade. Por meio do conceito de minorias ativas, buscamos compreender como os sujeitos LGBTI contrapõem-se às regras e normas sociais impostas pela maioria e influenciam as transformações sociais. Entendemos que a reprodução de regras e padrões de comportamento no ambiente educacional tendenciam uma lógica antidemocrática, na qual os educandos não são inteiramente respeitados quando apresentam identidades e sexualidades consideradas dissidentes.


Author(s):  
Audai A. Hayajneh ◽  
Mohammad Rababa

<b><i>Introduction:</i></b> Suffering from both frailty and poverty may have significant negative consequences on older adults’ lives. This study aimed to conduct a systematic review to investigate the relationship between frailty and low income among older adults. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> This systematic review was guided by the PRISMA guidelines and was aimed at exploring the frailty in older adults with low income and evaluating the robustness of the synthesis. Cross-sectional and longitudinal studies published in English between 2008 and 2020 were identified using search terms entered into the following databases: CINAHL, Medline, Google Scholar, and PubMed. <b><i>Results:</i></b> Nine articles met the inclusion criteria. This review revealed a positive relationship between frailty and poverty. Such a relationship could be explained through 3 dimensions of the relationship between frailty and poverty among older adults identified based on the findings of the reviewed studies. <b><i>Discussion/Conclusion:</i></b> The social life, environmental conditions, and financial issues were positively correlated and coexisted with both frailty and poverty. Frailty should be treated on a holistic basis, considering financial issues. Among these financial issues is poverty, which disrupts older adults’ social activities, hinders them from building successful social relationships, and reduces their quality of life.


Author(s):  
Roderick A. Ferguson

Queer of color critique is a critical discourse that began within the U.S. academy in response to the social processes of migration, neoliberal state and economic formations, and the developments of racial knowledges and subjectivities about sexual and gender minorities within the United States. It was an attempt to maneuver analyses of sexuality toward critiques of race and political economy. As such, the formation was an address to Marxism, ethnic studies, queer studies, postcolonial and feminist studies. Queer of color critique also provided a method for analyzing cultural formations as registries of the intersections of race, political economy, gender, and sexuality. In this way, queer of color critique attempted to wrest cultural and aesthetic formations away from interpretations that neglected to situate those formations within analyses of racial capitalism and the racial state.


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