A comparative judgment approach to assessing Chinese Sign Language interpreting

2021 ◽  
pp. 026553222110389
Author(s):  
Chao Han ◽  
Xiaoyan Xiao
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
Comparative Judgment ◽  
Binary Outcomes ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Evidential Support ◽  
Valid Assessment ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The One ◽  
Sign Language Interpreting

The quality of sign language interpreting (SLI) is a gripping construct among practitioners, educators and researchers, calling for reliable and valid assessment. There has been a diverse array of methods in the extant literature to measure SLI quality, ranging from traditional error analysis to recent rubric scoring. In this study, we want to expand the terrain of SLI assessment, by exploring and evaluating a novel method, known as comparative judgment (CJ), to assess SLI quality. Briefly, CJ involves judges to compare two like objects/items and make a decision by choosing the one with higher quality. The binary outcomes from repeated comparisons by a group of judges are then modelled statistically to produce standardized estimates of perceived quality for each object/item. We recruited 12 expert judges to operationalize CJ via a computerized system to assess the quality of Chinese Sign Language interpreting produced by 36 trainee interpreters. Overall, our analysis of quantitative and qualitative data provided preliminary evidential support for the validity and utility of CJ in SLI assessment. We discussed these results in relation to previous SLI literature, and suggested future research to cast light on CJ’s usefulness in applied assessment contexts.

Chinese Deaf viewers’ comprehension of sign language interpreting on television

Interpreting ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 91-117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyan Xiao ◽  
Xiaoyan Chen ◽  
Jeffrey Levi Palmer
Keyword(s):  
Experimental Study ◽  
High Pressure ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Language Fluency ◽  
Signed Language ◽  
Written Form ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Program Content ◽  
Sign Language Interpreting

Over 200 television channels in China broadcast news with signed language interpreting, making this one of the most visible forms of public accessibility for Deaf citizens. However, previous surveys have reported that most viewers have difficulty understanding the sign language interpreter. This experimental study examines how well a group of 49 Deaf individuals do, comparing their level of comprehension with that of twenty hearing viewers whose medium of access to program content is spoken Mandarin. All participants completed simple comprehension questions, in written form, after viewing twenty short news clips. These were shown once to the hearing viewers, and twice to Deaf viewers so as to compensate for any intrinsic difficulty related to the limited visual clarity of televised signed language interpreting. Results show that, even with interpretation, the Deaf viewers do not benefit equally from the news clips. Analysis of the interpretations suggests that the interpreters’ lack of Chinese Sign Language fluency might have contributed to the Deaf viewers’ lesser comprehension. In addition to insufficient training, the high pressure the interpreters experience in relation to interpreting in media settings might have a negative effect on the quality of their interpretation.

scholarly journals Multi-View Consistency for Relation Extraction via Mutual Information and Structure Prediction

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 (05) ◽  
pp. 9106-9113
Author(s):  
Amir Veyseh ◽  
Franck Dernoncourt ◽  
My Thai ◽  
Dejing Dou ◽  
Thien Nguyen
Keyword(s):  
Structure Prediction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Relation Extraction ◽  
Semantic Relations ◽  
General Strategy ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Dependency Trees ◽  
The Common ◽  
The One

Relation Extraction (RE) is one of the fundamental tasks in Information Extraction. The goal of this task is to find the semantic relations between entity mentions in text. It has been shown in many previous work that the structure of the sentences (i.e., dependency trees) can provide important information/features for the RE models. However, the common limitation of the previous work on RE is the reliance on some external parsers to obtain the syntactic trees for the sentence structures. On the one hand, it is not guaranteed that the independent external parsers can offer the optimal sentence structures for RE and the customized structures for RE might help to further improve the performance. On the other hand, the quality of the external parsers might suffer when applied to different domains, thus also affecting the performance of the RE models on such domains. In order to overcome this issue, we introduce a novel method for RE that simultaneously induces the structures and predicts the relations for the input sentences, thus avoiding the external parsers and potentially leading to better sentence structures for RE. Our general strategy to learn the RE-specific structures is to apply two different methods to infer the structures for the input sentences (i.e., two views). We then introduce several mechanisms to encourage the structure and semantic consistencies between these two views so the effective structure and semantic representations for RE can emerge. We perform extensive experiments on the ACE 2005 and SemEval 2010 datasets to demonstrate the advantages of the proposed method, leading to the state-of-the-art performance on such datasets.

A Non-Uniform Regional Partition Coding of One Dimension Signal and its Application

2013 ◽  
Vol 441 ◽  
pp. 674-677
Author(s):  
U. Kintak ◽  
Gang Qiang Xiong ◽  
Ze Sheng Tang
Keyword(s):  
Approximation Error ◽  
Least Square ◽  
One Dimension ◽  
Specific Signal ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
Initial Partition ◽  
The One ◽  
Signal Coding

In this paper, a novel method for one-dimension-signal coding based on non-uniform regional partition is proposed. A given 1D signal can automatically be partitioned into different regions with different lengths and the one-variable polynomial is used to do the Least Square Approximation for signal values in each sub-region. When the approximation error and initial partition are specified, a specific signal partition result is obtained. Based on this algorithm, an effective denoising scheme of 1D signal is implemented and some of the experimental examples are illustrated to prove that the quality of the re-constructed signal, the denoising effect are all satisfactory and can be referenced by other researchers.

scholarly journals Impact of Inter-Gateway Distance on LoRaWAN Performance

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (18) ◽  
pp. 2197
Author(s):  
Bruno Citoni ◽  
Shuja Ansari ◽  
Qammer Hussain Abbasi ◽  
Muhammad Ali Imran ◽  
Sajjad Hussain
Keyword(s):  
Large Scale ◽  
Discrete Event ◽  
Comprehensive Analysis ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Network Simulator ◽  
Packet Collision ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The One ◽  
Best Fit

The large-scale behaviour of LoRaWAN networks has been studied through mathematical analysis and discrete-time simulations to understand their limitations. However, current literature is not always coherent in its assumptions and network setups. This paper proposes a comprehensive analysis of the known causes of packet loss in an uplink-only LoRaWAN network: duty cycle limitations, packet collision, insufficient coverage, and saturation of a receiver’s demodulation paths. Their impact on the overall Quality of Service (QoS) for a two-gateway network is also studied. The analysis is carried out with the discrete-event network simulator NS-3 and is set up to best fit the real behaviour of devices. This approach shows that increasing gateway density is only effective as the gateways are placed at a distance. Moreover, the trade-off between different outage conditions due to the uneven distribution of spreading factors is not always beneficial, diminishing returns as networks grow denser and wider. In particular, networks operating similarly to the one analysed in this paper should specifically avoid SF11 and 12, which decrease the average overall PDR by about 7% at 10% nodes increment across all configurations. The results of this work intend to homogenise behavioural assumptions and setups of future research investigating the capability of LoRaWAN networks and provide insight on the weight of each outage condition in a varying two-gateway network.

Deafhood: A concept stressing possibilities, not deficits

2005 ◽  
Vol 33 (66_suppl) ◽  
pp. 12-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paddy Ladd
Keyword(s):  
Sign Language ◽  
The Past ◽  
Pathological Model ◽  
Bona Fide ◽  
The One

Born-deaf, sign-language-using people have for the past two centuries been placed within a succession of externally constructed models, notably the traditional ``medical'' or pathological model. This perceives them primarily as biologically deficient beings in need of cures or charity in order to be successfully assimilated into society. This paper proposes that the concept of colonialism is the one that most appropriately describes the ``existential'' reality of deaf communities, and offers instead a deaf-constructed model. Utilizing recent confirmation of the existence of bona-fide feaf cultures, it highlights the extent to which these communities have resisted such models, maintaining their own beliefs concerning their validity and quality of their existence, and what they offer to non-deaf societies. This ``vulnerability as strength'' is manifested through the concept of deafhood, which is presented as the first move towards a formal narrative of decolonizing and liberatory possibilities.

scholarly journals A Novel Method for Real Time Recognition of Facial Expressions using Machine Learning Techniques

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 4519-4523
Keyword(s):  
Facial Expressions ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Machine Learning Techniques ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Outward Appearance ◽  
Recognition Of Facial Expressions ◽  
Learning Techniques ◽  
Real Life Situation ◽  
Novel Method ◽  
The One

In the real-life situation, facial expressions and feelings are nothing more than responses to human external and internal events. In human computer association, acknowledgment of end client's demeanors and feelings from the video gushing assumes significant job. In such frameworks it is required to follow the dynamic changes in human face developments rapidly so as to convey the necessary reaction framework. The one constant application is physical exhaustion location dependent on facial discovery and articulations, for example, driver weariness recognition so as to forestall the mishaps on street. Face appearance based physical weariness investigation or location is out of extent of this paper, however this paper uncovers concentrate on various techniques those are introduced as of late for outward appearance as well as feelings acknowledgment utilizing video. This paper introducing the procedures as far as highlight extraction and arrangement utilized in outward appearance as well as feeling acknowledgment techniques with their near investigation. The relative examination is done dependent on precision, usage apparatus, preferences and hindrances. The result of this paper is the ebb and flow explore hole and research difficulties those are as yet open to illuminate for video based facial discovery and acknowledgment frameworks. The review on ongoing strategies is properly introduced all through this paper by considering future research works.

scholarly journals Sign language interpreting in the educational context-a theoretical and pragmatic perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol VI (2) ◽  
pp. 69-79
Author(s):  
Ioana TUFAR ◽  
George ANDRONIC
Keyword(s):  
Great Britain ◽  
Sign Language ◽  
Code Of Ethics ◽  
Educational Context ◽  
Development Programs ◽  
Sign Language Interpreters ◽  
Theoretical Frame ◽  
Sign Language Interpreting

Taking into consideration that the Sign Language interpreting field is a vivid and useful one, the present paper tries to draw the profile of the educational interpreter starting with a theoretical frame and continuing with pragmatic issues. The study undertaken involved 30 Sign Language interpreters from Great Britain and Romania and the analyzed data provided information on qualifications needed to assure the quality of interpretation, challenges that can appear on the way of interpreting, the role of the professional development programs, the importance of the code of ethics and some practical advices were included.

Self-Compassion and Quality of Life in Adults Who Stutter

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 2097-2108
Author(s):  
Robyn L. Croft ◽  
Courtney T. Byrd
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Social Connectedness ◽  
The Self ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Compassion ◽  
Adults Who Stutter ◽  
And Gender ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Impact

Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify levels of self-compassion in adults who do and do not stutter and to determine whether self-compassion predicts the impact of stuttering on quality of life in adults who stutter. Method Participants included 140 adults who do and do not stutter matched for age and gender. All participants completed the Self-Compassion Scale. Adults who stutter also completed the Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering. Data were analyzed for self-compassion differences between and within adults who do and do not stutter and to predict self-compassion on quality of life in adults who stutter. Results Adults who do and do not stutter exhibited no significant differences in total self-compassion, regardless of participant gender. A simple linear regression of the total self-compassion score and total Overall Assessment of the Speaker's Experience of Stuttering score showed a significant, negative linear relationship of self-compassion predicting the impact of stuttering on quality of life. Conclusions Data suggest that higher levels of self-kindness, mindfulness, and social connectedness (i.e., self-compassion) are related to reduced negative reactions to stuttering, an increased participation in daily communication situations, and an improved overall quality of life. Future research should replicate current findings and identify moderators of the self-compassion–quality of life relationship.

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

Assessments of User Comments With “Alternative Views” as a Function of Media Trust

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Marlene Kunst
Keyword(s):  
Online Discussions ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Political Issues ◽  
Argument Quality ◽  
The Public ◽  
Mainstream Media ◽  
User Comments ◽  
Media Trust ◽  
Heuristic Information Processing

Abstract. Comments sections under news articles have become popular spaces for audience members to oppose the mainstream media’s perspective on political issues by expressing alternative views. This kind of challenge to mainstream discourses is a necessary element of proper deliberation. However, due to heuristic information processing and the public concern about disinformation online, readers of comments sections may be inherently skeptical about user comments that counter the views of mainstream media. Consequently, commenters with alternative views may participate in discussions from a position of disadvantage because their contributions are scrutinized particularly critically. Nevertheless, this effect has hitherto not been empirically established. To address this gap, a multifactorial, between-subjects experimental study ( N = 166) was conducted that investigated how participants assess the credibility and argument quality of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. The findings revealed that media-dissonant user comments are, indeed, disadvantaged in online discussions, as they are assessed as less credible and more poorly argued than media-congruent user comments. Moreover, the findings showed that the higher the participants’ level of media trust, the worse the assessment of media-dissonant user comments relative to media-congruent user comments. Normative implications and avenues for future research are discussed.

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