scholarly journals Influence of the temperature during the larval stage of development on lifespan in Drosophila melanogaster

2018 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
A. S. Karaman ◽  
A. M. Vaiserman ◽  
A. V. Pisaruk ◽  
N. M. Koshel ◽  
L. V. Mekhova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Larval Stage ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Developmental Temperature ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Development Duration ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Aim. To study the influence of different temperatures on larval stage on the development duration and life expectancy of Drosophila melanogaster imago. Methods. The statistical significance of the indicators was determined by one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey HSD post-hoc tests to evaluate significance of differences between groups. Results. The development duration of imagoes significantly increased by 1.7 times when the developmental temperature decreased from 27.5 to 20.0°С. The average and maximum lifespan of the flies was maximum at a temperature of 22.5°С. The lifespan of fruit flies was significantly decreased compared to control (25.0°С) at a developmental temperature of 20.0°C and above 22.5°C. Conclusions. The obtained data suggest that developmental temperature significantly affects the lifespan of the flies. It likely is a physiological optimum of the temperature of development, in which life expectancy is maximal. Probably, this is due to the fact that at optimal temperature, the Drosophila development is most complete and their viability is highest.Keywords: Drosophila melanogaster, development, lifespan, temperature, larval stage.

scholarly journals Development and lifespan duration of Drosophila melanogaster at the larval development under hypoxia and hyperoxia

2018 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Drosophila Melanogaster ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Life Span ◽  
Developmental Stage ◽  
Developmental Theory ◽  
Maximum Life Span ◽  
Atmospheric Air ◽  
Average Lifespan ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Development Duration

Various environmental factors can affect metabolic processes, physiological parameters and the lifespan of the whole organism. Since aging can be considered as part of development in accordance with the "developmental theory of aging", we can assume that development duration correlates with adult lifespan. Understanding how organisms react to different concentrations of O2 is an area of intense scientific study. It is known that ambient oxygen level affects body size, growth and development rates, cell cycle duration in Drosophila melanogaster, but data on the impact on lifespan remain controversial. In this study, we studied the influence of hypoxia (10% O2) and hyperoxia (40% O2) at the larval stage of development on the duration of Drosophila development and lifespan. Drosophila kept in atmospheric air (21% O2) was used as control. At the imago stage all the flies were kept in atmospheric air conditions. The results were presented as survival curves and average and maximum lifespan were calculated. The development duration of Drosophila melanogaster, which were kept under hypoxia, increased by one day compared to control and did not change at hyperoxia. Average and maximum life span significantly decreased at hyperoxia (average – by 17% in males and 10% in females, maximum – by 17% in males, p<0,001). Hypoxia in different ways influenced males and females. The average lifespan of males did not significantly change and the maximum – increased by 11% (p<0.001). In females, hypoxia during development led to a decrease in average lifespan by 18% and in maximum life span by 8%. The data obtained during our investigation allow us to conclude that the concentration of oxygen in the environment at the stage of development of Drosophila affects their life expectancy at the stage of imago, which can be explained by epigenetic mechanisms. Hyperoxia at the developmental stage adversely affected the life expectancy of fruit flies, probably due to the adverse effects of free-radical processes. Sex differences in the effects of hypoxia at the developmental stage were revealed. In female flies, it led to negative effects, while in males development under hypoxic conditions extended life span, probably due to the phenomenon of hormesis.

scholarly journals Intensity of Soccer Players’ Training Load in Small-Sided Games with Different Number of Players

2020 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 55-74
Author(s):  
Nikolas Nagy ◽  
Miroslav Holienka ◽  
Matej Babic ◽  
Jakub Michálek ◽  
Egon Kunzmann
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Special Software ◽  
Systematic Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
The One ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
One Way Anova

SummaryThe main aim of this research was to compare differences in heart rate values (HR) of soccer players during small-sided games (SSGs) with different number of players. We assumed that the number of “neutral” player or players in small-sided games will significantly affect the intensity of SSGs and in this case the heart rate values of participating players. The experimental group consisted of older junior players from the FC DAC 1904 Dunajská Streda soccer club (n = 9). The heart rate values were evaluated on the basis of collected data, which we obtained using Polar sport testers and special software Polar Team2. In order to find out the statistical significance of the difference in heart rate was used the One-Way ANOVA and the Bonferroni post hoc test. The level of statistical significance we set at 5 %. We found out that with increasing number of “neutral” players’ the intensity of small-sided games gradually decreased. During SSG1 (3 vs. 3), we recorded the highest achieved average heart rate values of the monitored players, in average 171.33 ± 9.39 beats.min-1. This form of the SSGs was the most intense, but not statistically significant. Our recommendation is to employ SSGs in the systematic training process with different number of players, because we can adequately prepare the players for the match load itself. Attention need to be paid for the playing position requirements.

scholarly journals Effect of Nanosilver Gel, Chlorhexidine Gluconate, and Camphorated Phenol on Enterococcus faecalis Biofilm

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong Bo ◽  
Cecilia Marcellino Kayombo
Keyword(s):  
Enterococcus Faecalis ◽  
Laser Scanning ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Chlorhexidine Gluconate ◽  
Laser Scanning Microscopy ◽  
Confocal Laser ◽  
Control Analysis ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Aim. To assess the effectiveness of nanosilver gel (NSG) in comparison to chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and camphorated phenol (CP) against Enterococcus faecalis (E.f) biofilm. Methods and Materials. Two tests were done, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) assay and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) analysis, to determine the effectiveness of NSG, CHX, and CP on E.f biofilm. Polystyrene microtiter 96- and 6-well plates were used for MTT and CLSM, respectively. Nanosilver gel was in three concentrations (0.05%, 0.1%, and 0.2%), chlorhexidine gluconate used was 2%, and camphorated phenol and normal saline were as control. Analysis was done using one-way ANOVA; the post hoc test was run for multiple comparisons. The level of statistical significance was set at P<0.05. Results. One-way ANOVA showed significant differences among groups (0.05% NSG and CP, 0.1% NSG and CP, 0.2% NSG and CP, 0.1% NSG and 2% CHX, 0.2% and NSG and 2% CHX) (P<0.001) and also showed significant difference between groups (P<0.001), f-ratio 87.823. A post hoc Tukey’s test revealed no significant difference between chlorhexidine gluconate and 0.05% nanosilver gel (P>0.05). Conclusions. 0.1% and 0.2% nanosilver gel is more effective on Enterococcus faecalis biofilm as compared to chlorhexidine gluconate and camphorated phenol.

scholarly journals Effects of repeated sterilization cycles on the surface alterations of ProTaper Next, TF Adaptive, HyFlex CM, and 2Shape instruments

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-81
Author(s):  
Olcay Özdemir ◽  
Sibel Koçak ◽  
Mustafa Murat Koçak ◽  
Baran Can Sağlam
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Maximum Height ◽  
Significance Level ◽  
Atomic Force ◽  
Surface Topographies ◽  
Superior Surface ◽  
Group 2 ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

Background. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of repeated sterilization cycles on the surface alterations of various nickel-titanium instruments, including ProTaper Next (PTN), TF Adaptive (TFA), HyFlex CM (HCM), and 2Shape (2S). Methods. Twenty-four new NiTi files of four different alloys were selected. The instruments in each group were divided into two equal groups, as follows: control and sterilization. The first group was chosen as the control without applying any sterilization procedure, while in group 2, five cycles of sterilization procedures were applied. The surface topographies were evaluated using scanning electron microscope (SEM) and atomic force microscope (AFM). The root mean square (RMS) and maximum height (MH) values and three-dimensional images were recorded. The data were analyzed with the Shapiro-Wilk test, one-way ANOVA, and post hoc Tukey tests. The statistical significance level was set at P≤0.05. Results. Before the experiment, HCM demonstrated the highest RMS value, and 2S showed the lowest. After the procedures, the RMS and MH values deteriorated on the surface of PTX, TFA, and 2S (P<0.001). The HCM was not affected by sterilization processes (P>0.05). Conclusion. The initial irregularity on the surface did not affect the rate of alteration. The HCM files demonstrated superior surface properties after several cycles of sterilization. The PTN, TFA, and 2S presented similar surface responses after five cycles of autoclave sterilization.

scholarly journals Alveolar Bone Osteoclast Profile in the Periodontitis Wistar Rats Model with the Snail Slime (Achatina Fulica) Application

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 1680-1684 ◽  
Author(s):  
I Gusti Agung Ayu Putu Swastini ◽  
Tjokorda Gde Bagus Mahadewa ◽  
I Putu Eka Widyadharma
Keyword(s):  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Alveolar Bone ◽  
Profile Analysis ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Healing Process ◽  
Staining Procedure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Osteoblast Activity ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
One Way Anova

BACKGROUND: Bone damage is a result of periodontal disease that occurs due to changes in osteoclast and osteoblast activity in response to local inflammation. The bacteria Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans produces Lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which can increase osteoclast activity. AIM: This study aimed to analyse the decrease in alveolar bone osteoclasts in periodontitis rats' model with the application of snail slime. METHODS: Wistar rats (27) with periodontitis divided into three groups, namely the control group (debridement), P1 group (debridement and application of oral snail slime) 300 Mg/Kg Body weight, P2 group (debridement, application of topical snail slime) 0.1 Mg. Osteoclast profile analysis was carried out by HE staining procedure to determine the histological feature of osteoclasts. The statistical significance was determined using the Shapiro-Wilk Test, One Way ANOVA, and Post Hoc test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Osteoclast profile in rats with periodontitis applied with snail slime significantly decreased the number of osteoclasts with both oral and topical administration, there were significant differences in the number of osteoclasts between groups (one way ANOVA, p < 0.05) and there were no significant differences between groups P1 and P2 (Post Hoc, p > 0.05). CONCLUSION: In this study, there was a decrease in the number of osteoclasts which were slipped by snail slime in Wistar rats with periodontitis; this indicates a periodontitis healing process.

scholarly journals A cross-sectional study to assess knowledge of women about cervical cancer: an urban and rural comparison

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Lesińska-Sawicka
Keyword(s):  
Cervical Cancer ◽  
Life Expectancy ◽  
Correct Answer ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Average Life Expectancy ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Awareness Campaigns ◽  
The City

Abstract Introduction Cervical cancer and its etiopathogenesis, the age of women in whom it is diagnosed, average life expectancy, and prognosis are information widely covered in scientific reports. However, there is no coherent information regarding which regions—urban or rural—it may occur more often. This is important because the literature on the subject reports that people living in rural areas have a worse prognosis when it comes to detection, treatment, and life expectancy than city dwellers. Material and methods The subjects of the study were women and their knowledge about cervical cancer. The research was carried out using a survey directly distributed among respondents and via the Internet, portals, and discussion groups for women from Poland. Three hundred twenty-nine women took part in the study, including 164 from rural and 165 from urban areas. The collected data enabled the following: (1) an analysis of the studied groups, (2) assessment of the respondents’ knowledge about cervical cancer, and (3) comparison of women’s knowledge depending on where they live. Results The average assessment of all respondents’ knowledge was 3.59, with women living in rural areas scoring 3.18 and respondents from the city—4.01. Statistical significance (p < 0.001) between the level of knowledge and place of residence was determined. The results indicate that an increase in the level of education in the subjects significantly increases the chance of getting the correct answer. In the case of age analysis, the coefficients indicate a decrease in the chance of obtaining the correct answer in older subjects despite the fact that a statistically significant level was reached in individual questions. Conclusions Women living in rural areas have less knowledge of cervical cancer than female respondents from the city. There is a need for more awareness campaigns to provide comprehensive information about cervical cancer to women in rural areas. A holistic approach to the presented issue can solve existing difficulties and barriers to maintaining health regardless of the place of life and residence. Implication for cancer survivors They need intensive care for women’s groups most burdened with risk factors.

Determination of Ethnic Variation in Infant Nasolabial Anthropometry Using 3D Photographs: Implications for Bilateral Cleft Lip Nasal Correction

2021 ◽  
pp. 105566562110244
Author(s):  
Diana S. Jodeh ◽  
Jacqueline M. Ross ◽  
Maria Leszczynska ◽  
Fatima Qamar ◽  
Rachel L. Dawkins ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
African American ◽  
Interrater Reliability ◽  
Cleft Lip ◽  
Pearson Correlation ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
3D Analysis ◽  
Pediatric Clinic ◽  
Bilateral Cleft Lip ◽  
Post Hoc

Objective: We aimed to assess significant ethnic variabilities in infants’ nasolabial anthropometry to motivate variations in surgical correction of a synchronous bilateral cleft lip/nasal anomaly, specifically whether a long columella is a European feature, therefore accepting a short columella and/or delayed columellar lengthening suitable for reconstruction in ethnic patients. Methods: Thirty-three infants without craniofacial pathology (10 African American [AA], 7 Hispanic [H], and 16 of European descent [C]), ages 3 to 8 months, presenting to the Johns Hopkins All Children’s general pediatric clinic were recruited. Four separate 3D photographs (2 submental and frontal views each) were taken using the Vectra H1 handheld camera (Canfield Imaging). Eighteen linear facial distances were measured using Mirror 3D analysis (Canfield Imaging Systems). Difference between ethnicities was measured using analysis of variance with the Bonferroni/Dunn post hoc comparisons. Pearson correlation was employed for interrater reliability. All statistical analyses were carried out using SPSS version 21.0 (IBM Corp), with statistical significance set at P < .05. Results: Nasal projection (sn-prn) and columella length (sn-c) did not differ significantly between groups ( P = .9). Significant differences were seen between ethnic groups in nasal width (sbal-sbal [C-AA; P = .02]; ac-ac [C-AA; P = .00; H-AA; P = .04]; al-al [C-AA; P = .00; H-AA; P = .001]) and labial length (sn-ls [C-AA; P = .041]; sn-sto [C-AA; P = .005]; Cphs-Cphi L [C-AA; P = .013]; Cphs-Cphi R [C-AA; P = .015]). Interrater reliability was good to excellent and significantly correlated for all measures. Conclusions: African American infants exhibited wider noses and longer lips. No difference was noted in nasal projection or columella length, indicating that these structures should be corrected during the primary cleft lip and nasal repair for all patients and should not be deferred to secondary correction.

scholarly journals Characteristics of anteroposterior curvatures of the spine in soccer and futsal players

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
Author(s):  
Krystyna Chromik ◽  
Anna Burdukiewicz ◽  
Jadwiga Pietraszewska ◽  
Aleksandra Stachoń ◽  
Paweł Wolański ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Statistical Analysis ◽  
Injury Prevention ◽  
Analysis Of Variance ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Body Posture ◽  
Soccer Players ◽  
Prevention Training ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Post Hoc

AbstractPurpose. The aim of the study was to determine differences in anteroposterior spine curvatures between futsal players, soccer players, and non-training students. The results may contribute to the development of present-day knowledge of posturometry, and its implementation in training can help reduce the risk of body posture disorders in athletes. Methods. The examined group consisted of 48 athletes and 38 non-training college students. Body posture parameters were measured with the use of Posturometr-S. The normality of distribution was checked with the Shapiro-Wilk test, and the differences between the groups were measured with ANOVA and the Bonferroni post-hoc test. The level of statistical significance was set at p < 0.05. Results. The analysis of angle values revealed the widest and most similar measurements in the group of futsal players and soccer players. The analysis of variance proved statistically significant differences between the soccer players and futsal players (p = 0.003). The difference between the soccer players and non-training students was statistically significant. The highest γ angular value was measured in non-training students, followed by futsal players and soccer players. The statistical analysis revealed significant differences between the non-training students and futsal players, as well as non-training students and soccer players (p < 0.001). Conclusions. A complex assessment of athletes’ body posture is crucial in injury prevention. Training overloads may often lead to disorders of the organ of locomotion and affect the correct body posture in athletes. This, in turn, may result in pains and injuries.

Educating Patients on Nutrition Using a Short Computer-Based Video

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kalonji Cole ◽  
Danielle Wenger ◽  
Anika Guha ◽  
Carlyn Yarosh ◽  
Nii Koney ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Wait Time ◽  
Patient Knowledge ◽  
Educational Video ◽  
Educational Model ◽  
Video Intervention ◽  
Survey Questions ◽  
Computer Based ◽  
One Way Anova

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to determine if computer-based videos can successfully educate patients about the health benefits of a whole-food, plant-based diet (WFPBD) during the clinic wait time. As physicians, we recognize the importance of nutrition in disease prevention and treatment. Therefore, we investigated the effectiveness of a video-based educational model in increasing patient knowledge and confidence regarding diet. Methods: Subjects (n = 77) were recruited from an outpatient clinic. An electronic survey was developed and administered to patients before and after watching a 5-minute educational computer-based video about the beneficial health effects of WFPBD. Responses to the survey’s 10 knowledge-based (KB) questions were scoredon a dichotomous incorrect/correct scale, and the survey’s 9 confidence-based (CB) questions were scored on a likert scale from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). Paired pre- to post-video intervention difference scores (knowledge and confidence) were calculated for each patient and independently analyzed using a related-samples Wilcoxon signed rank test. one-way ANoVA tests were used to investigate survey questions demonstrating the greatest improvement post-video intervention. Results: Statistically significant improvements in patient knowledge and confidence in their knowledge of nutrition after watching the brief educational video on nutrition were found. Patients scored significantly higher post-video intervention than pre-video intervention on KB survey questions (z = 5.748; P< .001) and CB survey questions (z= 6.605; P< .001). Statistical significance remained across all self-reported chronic condition groups, except for obesity (oB) and atherosclerosis (AS) groups for total knowledge and AS group for total confidence. one-way ANoVA tests confirmed that self-reported chronic conditions did not significantly predict baseline (pre-intervention) total KB or CB scores. The exploratory question-specific analysis demonstrated that the survey questions regarding average daily fiber consumption (P< 0.001) and the association of saturated fats with chronic disease (P= 0.001) were the most significant predictors of the increase in patient knowledge post-intervention. Conclusion: our findings indicate that providing patients with a short computerbased educational video during clinic wait time can significantly increase patient knowledge on the health benefits of a WFPBD. Future studies can test the model on a larger, more varied sample of patients and gauge the longevity of the knowledge gained from this educational model.

Composite-composite Adhesion as a Function of Adhesive-composite Material and Surface Treatment

2019 ◽  
Vol 44 (4) ◽  
pp. 348-354
Author(s):  
AV Ritter ◽  
TA Sulaiman ◽  
A Altitinchi ◽  
E Bair ◽  
F Baratto-Filho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dwell Time ◽  
Composite Resin ◽  
Statistical Significance ◽  
Substrate Material ◽  
Interfacial Fracture Toughness ◽  
Composite Repair ◽  
Diamond Bur ◽  
Acid Etch ◽  
Post Hoc ◽  
Adhesive Type

SUMMARY Objective: To evaluate the composite-to-composite repair interfacial fracture toughness (iFT) as a function of adhesive and composite repair material. Methods and Materials: Beam-shaped composite specimens (21×4×3±0.2 mm) were prepared for each substrate material (Filtek Supreme Ultra [FSU] or Clearfil Majesty ES-2 [CME]) and artificially aged for 50,000 thermocycles (5-55°C, 20-second dwell time). Aged specimens were sectioned in half, and the resulting hemispecimens were randomly assigned to one of the different repair methods (n=10) based on the following variables: type of substrate composite (FSU or CME), acid etch (yes or no), adhesive type (Scotchbond Universal or Clearfil SE Bond 2), and type of repair composite (FSU or CME). The repair surface was prepared with a course diamond bur (Midwest #471271). When used, 37% phosphoric acid was applied for 20 seconds, rinsed, and dried. All adhesives and composites were applied according to manufacturers' instructions. After postrepair storage (100% humidity, 37°C, 24 hours), iFT was measured and expressed as MPa. Data were analyzed for statistical significance using a three-way analysis of variance and Tukey post hoc tests (α=0.05). Results: iFT values ranged from 0.64 ± 0.19 MPa to 1.28 ± 013 MPa. Significantly higher iFT values were achieved when FSU was used as the repair composite resin regardless of the substrate composite resin (p&lt;0.001). Clearfil SE Bond 2 adhesive was associated with significantly higher iFT values for FSU substrate (p&lt;0.001). The etching procedure had no significant effect on the iFT values of the repair procedures (p&gt;0.05). Conclusions: Composite repair strength is adhesive and composite dependent. Repair strength appears to be higher when FSU is the repair composite regardless of the adhesive used.

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