Power, Knowledge and Social Process in Technology Analysis: The Case of CAD/CAM

1997 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 61-71
Author(s):  
Martin Harris
Keyword(s):  
Technical Change ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Social Process ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Major Influence ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
And Control ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
Explanatory Status

“Social process’ analyses of technology implementation have had a major influence on research carried out over the last 15 years. Technology implementation is now widely regarded as a ‘socially negotiated’ process the outcome of which is likely to be shaped by different interests and constituencies within the innovating firm. However, the explanatory status accorded to questions of power and political process remains problematic. This paper combines an empirical investigation of the political processes associated with the implementation of CAD/CAM with a cross-disciplinary treatment of the underlying theoretical issues. The concluding part of the paper focuses on ‘political’ and ‘learning’ aspects of technical change. ‘Power’, ‘knowledge’ and ‘control’ rationalities are included in a revised theorization of the technical change process.

Communication

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christian D. Liddy
Keyword(s):  
Public Opinion ◽  
Political Power ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Late Medieval ◽  
And Control ◽  
Ordinary Citizens

The exercise of political power in late medieval English towns was predicated upon the representation, management, and control of public opinion. This chapter explains why public opinion mattered so much to town rulers; how they worked to shape opinion through communication; and the results. Official communication was instrumental in the politicization of urban citizens. The practices of official secrecy and public proclamation were not inherently contradictory, but conflict flowed from the political process. The secrecy surrounding the practices of civic government provoked ordinary citizens to demand more accountability from town rulers, while citizens, who were accustomed to hear news and information circulated by civic magistrates, were able to use what they knew to challenge authority.

scholarly journals Common concern for the global ecological commons: solidarity with future generations?

2021 ◽  
pp. 004711782110362
Author(s):  
Marianne Takle
Keyword(s):  
Political Process ◽  
Future Generations ◽  
The Political ◽  
Four Dimensions ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Agenda 2030 ◽  
Collective Orientation ◽  
Scholarly Contribution ◽  
Analytical Tools ◽  
Normative Content

This article elaborates on ideas concerning future generations and whether they are useful in understanding some aspects of the concern for the global ecological commons. The article’s main scholarly contribution is to develop analytical tools for examining what a concern for future generations would require of current generations. It combines the scholarly literature on future generations with that of solidarity. The ideas concerning future generations are interpreted in terms of an ideal typical concept of solidarity with future generations. This concept is divided into four dimensions: the foundation of solidarity, the objective of solidarity, the boundaries of solidarity and the collective orientation. By applying these four dimensions in the context of the political process leading to Agenda 2030, the potentials and limitations of the concept are evident. The article concludes that the absence of reciprocity between current and future generations and uncertainty about the future are both crucial issues, which cut across the four dimensions. We cannot expect anything from people who have not yet been born, and we do not know what preferences they will have. This shows the vulnerability of forward-looking appeals to solidarity with future generations. Nevertheless, such appeals to solidarity may give global political processes a normative content and direction and can thereby contribute to understanding common concerns for the global ecological commons.

METAPHOR OF «DESTROYED WORLD» IN THE POLITICAL PROJECTION OF WORLD-SYSTEM ANALYSIS

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 73-86
Author(s):  
V.E. BAGDASARYAN ◽  
◽  
Keyword(s):  
System Analysis ◽  
Political Process ◽  
World System ◽  
World Order ◽  
World Systems ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
The World ◽  
Global Catastrophe ◽  
Systemic Nature ◽  
World Center

The purpose of the article is to present an analysis of modern global political processes characterized by the unipolarity of the destruction of the former world system. The current situation of political transit is assessed as a failure of technologies of controlled chaos and transition to a state of turbulence. The basic approach of the research was the methodology of world-systems analysis. The article provides arguments that substantiate the systemic nature of the crisis of the World Center, the problematic nature of the restoration of the unipolar system of the world order. Four scenario perspectives of further development of the world political process are considered: 1. restoration of the leadership legitimacy of the World Center; 2. change of the core of the world system; 3. transition of a state of chaos to a global catastrophe; 4. the establishment of a system of a multilateral world of civilizations. It is indicated that the West-centered world-system has paradoxically diverged at some stage from the values of the Western civilization itself. And it is obvious that the transition to a multilateral world should be linked to the basic civilizational values of the world-systems, their differences from the values of other communities. As a result, practical recommendations are presented for the activity steps of building a system of multilateral world order as a desirable prospect for overcoming the state of turbulence and preventing a new geopolitical hegemony.

Tool Path Geometry for Multi-Axis Kinematics Conversion in CAD-CAM Integration

1992 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jui-Jen Chou ◽  
D. C. H. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Machine Tool ◽  
Tool Path ◽  
Cad Model ◽  
Geometrical Properties ◽  
Time Dependent Domain ◽  
Arbitrary Space ◽  
Cad Cam ◽  
Tool Motion ◽  
And Control ◽  
Five Axis

Abstract In the integration of CAD and CAM, it is necessary to relate machine tool kinematics and control in a CAM process to the geometrical data in a CAD model. The data stored in a CAD model is usually static in nature and represented by unitless parameters. Yet, in machine tool motion and control, the data should be transformed into a time dependent domain. In this paper, a general theory on the conversion from desired paths to motion trajectory is analytically derived. The geometrical properties of a desired path, including position, tangent, and curvature are related to the kinematics of coordinated motion including feedrate, acceleration, and jerk. As a result, the motion commands used as control references to track arbitrary space curves for five-axis computer-controlled machines can be generated in a rather straight-forward as well as systematic way.

Forging Women's Substantive Representation: Intersectional Interests, Political Parity, and Pensions in Bolivia

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (3) ◽  
pp. 433-459 ◽  
Author(s):  
Christina Ewig
Keyword(s):  
Empirical Research ◽  
A Priori ◽  
Political Process ◽  
The Political ◽  
Multiple Perspectives ◽  
Substantive Representation ◽  
Specific Context ◽  
Pension Reforms ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Political Intersectionality

AbstractLacking tools to measure substantive representation, empirical research to date has determined women’s substantive representation by identifying “women’s interests” a priori, with little attention to differences across race, class, or other inequalities. To address this problem, I develop the concept of intersectional interests and a method for identifying these. Intersectional interests represent multiple perspectives and are forged through a process of political intersectionality that purposefully includes historically marginalized perspectives. These interests can be parsed into three types: expansionist, integrationist, and reconceived. Identification of intersectional interests requires, first, an inductive mapping of the differing women’s perspectives that exist in a specific context and then an examination of the political processes that lead to these new, redefined interests. I demonstrate the concept of intersectional interests and how to identify these in Bolivia, where I focus on the political process of forging reconceived intersectional interests in Bolivia’s political parity and pension reforms.

Sleep Spindles in the EEGs of Hyperactive Children

1987 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy A. Kiesow ◽  
Walter W. Surwillo
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Disorder ◽  
Chloral Hydrate ◽  
Sleep Spindles ◽  
Sleep Spindle ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Cast Doubt ◽  
Stage 2 Sleep ◽  
Hyperactive Children ◽  
And Control ◽  
Theoretical Issues

Electroencephalograms (EEGs) of 11 boys, aged 3 to 11 yr., who had been diagnosed as Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity were compared with 11 controls matched for age and sex. The purpose was to determine whether there was any difference between the groups in the number of sleep spindles present during Stage 2 sleep. The EEGs of the subjects studied were typical of those performed in most clinical laboratories, with approximately 8 min. of daytime Stage 2 sleep recorded for each child. Most of the subjects in both groups were given Chloral Hydrate to induce sleep. The number of sleep spindles/sec. in Stage 2 sleep and the time spent in Stage 2 sleep were estimated for each subject, and means were obtained for both groups. Findings showed no statistically significant differences between hyperactive and control groups. The results cast doubt on the significance of sleep spindle activity in assessing hyperactivity or in resolving current theoretical issues relating to hyperactivity.

scholarly journals Basel's Rural Pastors as Mediators of Confessional and Social Discipline

2000 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 67-85 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amy Nelson Burnett
Keyword(s):  
Early Modern ◽  
Political Process ◽  
Early Modern Europe ◽  
Cultural Changes ◽  
Territorial State ◽  
The Reformation ◽  
Social Discipline ◽  
Disciplinary Process ◽  
And Behavior ◽  
And Control

Overthe last two decades historians of early modern Europe have adopted the paradigm of confessionalization to describe the religious, political, and cultural changes that occurred in the two centuries following the Reformation.1As an explanatory model confessionalization has often been portrayed as the religious and ecclesiastical parallel to the secular and political process of social discipline, as formulated by Gerhard Oestreich.2In its simplest form, the process of confessional and social discipline is depicted as hierarchical and unidirectional: the impulse to discipline and control came from the secular and ecclesiastical authorities, and the laity, particularly the peasants at the bottom of the hierarchy, had little possibility of exerting counterpressures on those seeking to shape their beliefs and behavior. The inevitable result of the disciplinary process was the gradual suppression of popular culture and the imposition of new standards of belief and behavior on the subjects of the territorial state.

scholarly journals CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGY SUPPORT FOR EDUCATION

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
pp. 802-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
Teodor Savov ◽  
Valentina Terzieva ◽  
Katia Todorova ◽  
Petia Kademova-Katzarova
Keyword(s):  
Information And Communication Technologies ◽  
Technology Implementation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Instructional Process ◽  
Innovative Learning ◽  
Information And Communication ◽  
Teaching Learning ◽  
Almost All ◽  
And Control

The information and communication technologies (ICT) have penetrated into almost all areas of human life. They have a dual impact on education – increase learning efficiency and train students actively to use innovations. We assess this impact by examining teachers’ experience with innovative tools in Bulgarian schools. In an anonymous online survey, we investigate their opinions on the issues related to technology integration in contemporary classrooms. The research shows that educators appreciate the benefits of technology implementation in the teaching-learning process, but they need a single structured system encompassing all technological resources and tools. This work proposes a conception for a smart classroom – an innovative learning environment that can establish and control suitable conditions for education as well as to impact the instructional process directly.

Rethinking democratic representation: eight theoretical issues and a postscript1

2019 ◽  
pp. 21-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Castiglione ◽  
Mark E. Warren
Keyword(s):  
21St Century ◽  
Political Representation ◽  
Political Practice ◽  
Democratic Representation ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Input And Output ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Theoretical Issues ◽  
The Way

This chapter offers here a sketch of eight theoretical issues that are fundamental to rethinking the problems and potentials of political representation under emerging conditions. The issues include: (1) the relational character of representation; (2) the role that trusteeship plays in forms of democratic representation; (3) an assessment of representation in terms of both input and output; (4) representation considered as a political practice; (5) the way in which representation is constituted by and within political processes; (6) the objects of representation: who and what are represented; (7) the question of who is a democratic representative; and (8) the relationship between authorization and accountability in informal representation. In each of these dimensions the theory of representation in democracies needs refurbishing, a task that requires returning to the concept of representation in a more systematic way, also taking on board theoretical intuitions from deliberative, participatory and radical populist conceptions of democracy. The postscript takes stock of some of these developments and suggests that rethinking political representation is part of the pressing task to reconsider democracy in the 21st century.

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