Prospective memory deficits following acute alcohol consumption

2021 ◽  
pp. 026988112110561
Author(s):  
Morgan Elliott ◽  
Gill Terrett ◽  
H Valerie Curran ◽  
Natalie De Bono ◽  
Peter G Rendell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Prospective Memory ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Function ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Placebo Condition ◽  
Significant Impairment

Background: Prospective memory is a critical neurocognitive capacity that refers to the ability to execute delayed intentions. To date, few studies have investigated the effects of acute alcohol consumption on prospective memory, and important questions remain about the mechanisms that might underpin acute alcohol-induced prospective memory impairment. Aims: The current study sought to clarify the nature and magnitude of prospective memory difficulties following acute alcohol consumption and to test the degree to which any problems with prospective remembering might be a secondary consequence of broader cognitive impairment. This study also investigated whether there were potential sex differences. Methods: In all, 124 healthy adult social drinkers were assigned to either the alcohol ( n = 61) or placebo ( n = 63) condition. Participants were administered a dose of 0.6 g/kg alcohol or a matched placebo drink and then asked to complete a measure of prospective memory. A broader neurocognitive test battery was also administered. Results: Relative to the placebo condition, acute alcohol intoxication led to significant impairment on all prospective memory tasks, with effects mostly large in magnitude. These difficulties could not be explained by broader problems in retrospective memory, executive function or episodic future thinking. In addition, females recorded a higher blood alcohol concentration than males; however, no sex differences in prospective memory performance were identified following acute alcohol use. Conclusion: The results show that acutely, even a moderate dose of alcohol substantially impairs prospective memory function. These findings have potentially important implications for understanding many of the maladaptive behaviours associated with acute alcohol consumption.

scholarly journals Sex Differences in the Presence and Severity of Alcohol Hangover Symptoms

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (6) ◽  
pp. 867 ◽  
Author(s):  
van Lawick van Pabst ◽  
Devenney ◽  
Verster
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Small Magnitude ◽  
Severity Scores ◽  
Alcohol Hangover ◽  
Peak Blood ◽  
Drinking Occasion

Studies have demonstrated significant sex differences in alcohol intoxication effects. In contrast, the majority of studies on the alcohol hangover phase did not investigate sex differences. Therefore, the current study examined possible sex differences in the presence and severity of alcohol hangover symptoms. Data from n = 2446 Dutch students (male = 50.7%, female = 49.3%) were analyzed. They reported the presence and severity of 22 hangover symptoms experienced after their past month heaviest drinking occasion. Subjects were categorized according to their estimated peak blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) and presence and severity of the hangover symptoms were compared between men and women. In the lowest eBAC group (0% ≤ eBAC < 0.08%), no significant sex differences were found. In the subsequent eBAC group (0.08% ≤ eBAC < 0.11%), severity of nausea was significantly higher in women than in men. In the third eBAC group (0.11% ≤ eBAC < 0.2%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea, tiredness, weakness, and dizziness than men. Men reported the presence of confusion significantly more often than women, and women reported the presence of shivering significantly more often than men. In the fourth eBAC group (0.2% ≤ eBAC < 0.3%), women reported higher severity scores on nausea and tiredness than men. In the highest eBAC group (0.3% ≤ eBAC < 0.4%), no significant sex differences were found. In conclusion, across the eBAC groups, severity scores of nausea and tiredness were higher in women than in men. However, albeit statistically significant, the observed sex differences in presence and severity of hangover symptoms were of small magnitude, and therefore, have little clinical relevance.

scholarly journals ALCOHOL AND MORTALITY BY TRAUMA IN EUROPEAN COUNTRIES

2020 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-6
Author(s):  
Daniel Ion ◽  
Georgiana Radu ◽  
Marina Leontescu ◽  
Dan Nicolae Păduraru ◽  
Alexandra Bolocan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Heavy Drinking ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
European Countries ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Per Capita ◽  
Positive Effect ◽  
Overall Mortality

Alcohol consumption alters one’s consciousness and may lead to accidents and traumatic events with deadly consequences. We aimed to analyze the most recent information available in WHO databases about overall mortality rates and alcohol consumption in European countries. The parameters taken into account were the total number of deaths by trauma, alcohol consumption per capita, prevalence of heavy drinking episodes and national legal blood alcohol concentration while drinking The mortality rate by trauma is influenced by many factors and alcohol intoxication could be one of them. Our analysis shows a moderate correlation between overall alchool consumption and death by trauma in Europe in 2015. There are studies who show a positive effect of alcohol consmption on the overall chance of survival after trauma. Chronic consumption is associated with an increase in mortality. Nonetheless, further research is needed and strongly encouraged.

scholarly journals Impact of legislation to reduce the drink-drive limit on road traffic accidents and alcohol consumption in Scotland: a natural experiment study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 1-46 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Lewsey ◽  
Houra Haghpanahan ◽  
Daniel Mackay ◽  
Emma McIntosh ◽  
Jill Pell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Health Research ◽  
Traffic Accidents ◽  
Road Traffic ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Control Group ◽  
England And Wales ◽  
Per Capita

Background It is widely recognised that drink driving is a leading cause of road traffic accidents (RTAs). There is evidence that changing the drink-drive limit from a blood alcohol concentration of 0.08 to 0.05 g/dl is effective in reducing RTAs. Scotland changed the blood alcohol concentration limit to 0.05 g/dl on 5 December 2014. Aims To assess whether or not the numbers and rates of RTAs and per capita alcohol consumption in Scotland were reduced because of the 2014 drink-drive legislation. To assess whether or not the 2014 change in legislation provided good value for money. Design A natural experimental, quantitative study. The control group was England and Wales, that is, the other countries in Great Britain, where the drink-drive legislation remained unchanged. Setting Great Britain. Participants The entire population of Scotland, England and Wales for the period of January 2013–December 2016. Intervention The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland. Outcome measures The counts and rates of RTAs; and per capita alcohol consumption. Methods For the numbers and rates of RTAs (both traffic flow and population denominators were used), and separately for the intervention and control trial groups, negative binomial regression models were fitted to panel data sets to test for a change in outcome level after the new 2014 legislation was in place. To obtain a ‘difference-in-differences’ (DiD)-type measure of effect, an interaction term between the intervention group indicator and the binary covariate for indicating pre and post change in legislation (‘pseudo’-change for the control group) was assessed. For off- and on-trade per capita alcohol sales, and separately for the intervention and control trial group, seasonal autoregressive integrated moving average error models were fitted to the relevant time series. Results The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 2% relative decrease in RTAs in Scotland [relative risk (RR) 0.98, 95% CI 0.91 to 1.04; p = 0.53]. However, the pseudo-change in legislation was associated with a 5% decrease in RTAs in England and Wales (RR 0.95, 95% CI 0.90 to 1.00; p = 0.05). For RTA rates, with traffic flow as the denominator, the DiD-type estimate indicated a 7% increase in rates for Scotland relative to England and Wales (unadjusted RR 1.07, 95% CI 0.98 to 1.17; p = 0.1). The change to drink-drive legislation was associated with a 0.3% relative decrease in per capita off-trade sales (–0.3%, 95% CI –1.7% to 1.1%; p = 0.71) and a 0.7% decrease in per capita on-trade sales (–0.7%, 95% CI –0.8% to –0.5%; p < 0.001). Conclusion The change to drink-drive legislation in Scotland in December 2014 did not have the expected effect of reducing RTAs in the country, and nor did it change alcohol drinking levels in Scotland. This main finding for RTAs was unexpected and the research has shown that a lack of enforcement is the most likely reason for legislation failure. Future work Investigations into how the public interpret and act on changes in drink-drive legislation would be welcome, as would research into whether or not previous change in drink-drive legislation effects on RTAs in other jurisdictions are associated with the level of enforcement that took place. Trial registration Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN38602189. Funding This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Public Health Research programme and will be published in full in Public Health Research; Vol. 7, No. 12. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.

scholarly journals The co-occurrence of mental disorders among Dutch adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Loes de Veld ◽  
Joris J. van Hoof ◽  
Inge M. Wolberink ◽  
Nicolaas van der Lely
Keyword(s):  
Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽  
Mental Disorders ◽  
Attention Deficit ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Acute Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Hyperactivity Disorder

Abstract Adolescents with substance use disorders are often diagnosed with co-occurring mental disorders. However, it is unknown if adolescent hospital admission for acute alcohol intoxication is also associated with co-occurring mental disorders. Therefore, the primary aim of this study is to estimate the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders among Dutch adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication. Secondly, this study aims to explore the cross-sectional relationship between the co-occurrence of mental disorders and patient characteristics, such as sex, age and blood alcohol concentration at admittance. Data were retrospectively collected from 726 adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication. Overall, 245 (34%) of the 726 adolescents treated for acute alcohol intoxication were diagnosed with a co-occurring mental health disorder, such as attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (13%) or autism spectrum disorder (2.1%). Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder in particular seems to be more prevalent in the study population than in the general Dutch adolescent population. Conclusion: This study demonstrates that among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders is a common and a relevant issue for treatment and prevention strategies. What is Known:• Alcohol consumption among adolescents has been associated with negative psychosocial effect.• Among adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication, risk factors for psychological dysfunction appear to be inadequately assessed, documented and followed up. What is New:• The current study reports on the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders among a substantial sample of adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication.• Understanding the prevalence of co-occurring mental disorders is clinically relevant for the outpatient follow-up of adolescents admitted for acute alcohol intoxication.

Epidemiology of alcohol-related accidental death in Tokyo Metropolitan area (2015)

2019 ◽  
Vol 60 (1) ◽  
pp. 4-10
Author(s):  
Hideto Suzuki ◽  
Takanobu Tanifuji ◽  
Satoko Kimura ◽  
Tatsushige Fukunaga
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Incidence Rates ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Blood Alcohol ◽  
Alcohol Group ◽  
Tokyo Metropolitan Area ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Primary Type ◽  
At Home

Background Alcohol consumption may be a risk factor for accidental deaths; however, characteristics of alcohol-related deaths are unclear. We investigated characteristics of alcohol-related accidental deaths to facilitate target strategies. Methods In this article, 1060 cases of accidental deaths examined by the Tokyo Medical Examiner’s Office (2015) were divided into two groups: deceased individuals who drank alcohol (alcohol; n = 212) and those who did not (control; n = 848). Age, sex, alcohol consumption patterns, and manners/causes of deaths were compared. Places where individuals in the alcohol group met with an accident, and their blood alcohol concentration was assessed. Results Lower mean age (60.5 vs. 73.7 years) and a higher male ratio (75.9% vs. 58.5%) were observed in the alcohol group. Daily alcohol consumption was more common in the alcohol group (70.8% vs. 13.4%). Falling was the leading cause of death in the alcohol group, but without a significant difference (alcohol: 31.6%, control: 30.4%). Incidence rates of drowning (22.2% vs. 7.9%) and poisoning (11.3% vs. 2.0%) were significantly higher in the alcohol group. The mean blood alcohol concentration was 1.6 mg/mL. Of the total alcohol-related accidents, 60.8% occurred at home. Falling down the stairs was the primary type of falling, and majority of drownings occurred in a bathtub. Conclusion Male habitual drinkers (middle-aged to older adults) should be targeted to prevent alcohol-related accidental deaths. More than 50% of deaths occurred at home and care should be taken when performing daily activities, including using stairs and while bathing.

scholarly journals The Effect of Alcohol Intoxication on Mortality of Blunt Head Injury

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-4 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hsing-Lin Lin ◽  
Tsung-Ying Lin ◽  
Kwan-Ming Soo ◽  
Chao-Wen Chen ◽  
Liang-Chi Kuo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Computed Tomography ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Head Injury ◽  
Traffic Accident ◽  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Head Injuries ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Brain Computed Tomography ◽  
Adjusted Logistic Regression

Alcohol is found to have neuroprotection in recent studies in head injuries. We investigated the association of blood alcohol concentration (BAC) with mortality of patients with blunt head injury after traffic accident. All patients sustaining blunt head injury caused by traffic accident brought to our emergency department who had obtained a brain computed tomography scans and BAC were analyzed. Patients with unknown mechanisms, transfers from outside hospitals, and incomplete data were excluded. Logistic regression was used to identify independent predictors of mortality. During the study period, 3,628 patients with brain computed tomography (CT) were included. Of these, BAC was measured in 556 patients. Patients with the lowest BAC (less than 8 mg/dl) had lower mortality; intoxicated patients with BAC between 8 and less than 100 mg/dl were associated with significantly higher mortality than those patients in other intoxicated groups. Adjusted logistic regression demonstrated higher BAC group and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores, and lower ISS and age were identified as independent predictors of reduced mortality. In our study, we found that patients who had moderate alcohol intoxication had higher risk of mortality. However, higher GCS scores, lower ISS, and younger age were identified as independent predictors of reduced mortality in the study patients.

Paclitaxel Formulation as a Cause of Ethanol Intoxication

1997 ◽  
Vol 31 (7-8) ◽  
pp. 873-875 ◽  
Author(s):  
David B. Wilson ◽  
Thomas M. Beck ◽  
Catherine A. Gundlach
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Intoxication ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Metastatic Breast ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Ethanol Intoxication ◽  
Metastatic Breast Carcinoma ◽  
Case Summary ◽  
Short Period ◽  
Patient Series ◽  
Higher Doses

OBJECTIVE: To report a case of ethyl alcohol intoxication associated with paclitaxel administration. CASE SUMMARY: A patient who received a 3-hour paclitaxel infusion for metastatic breast carcinoma and developed symptoms of acute alcohol intoxication. A blood ethanol concentration drawn at the end of the paclitaxel infusion was 97.8 mg/dL (0.098%). DISCUSSION: The amount of alcohol contained in paclitaxel is discussed. A review of the literature revealed one patient series where the highest blood alcohol concentration was one-third that seen in our patient. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians should recognize the potential for alcohol intoxication with paclitaxel administration. This is especially pertinent when higher doses are given over a short period of time.

Indication for the Assessment of Driver Fitness after Problematic Alcohol Consumption

2014 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 139-147
Author(s):  
Caroline Reimann ◽  
Wolfgang Schubert ◽  
Michael Berg ◽  
Elke van der Meer
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Psychological Assessment ◽  
Blood Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Drunk Driving ◽  
Experimental Manipulation ◽  
Alcohol Concentration ◽  
Fitness To Drive ◽  
Legal Limit ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Practice Methods

Objectives: The present review of literature examines the relationship of alcohol consumption and fitness to drive. The legal limit (1,6 ‰) for establishing fitness to drive by means of a medical-psychological assessment (MPA) in Germany is analyzed on the background of published empirical research to present recommendations for the improvement of the current legal situation and administrative practice. Methods: 103 published articles have been analysed (inclusion criteria: completeness, comprehensibility, and experimental manipulation of the blood alcohol concentration [BAC]). The number of alcohol-induced impairments is to be shown in a quantitative analysis. The qualitative analyses of the studies will reveal the impaired areas of psychological and medical functioning. Results: It appears that 97 % of the documented impairments occur at a maximum BAC of 1,1 ‰. Numerous skills are impaired by low doses of alcohol (e. g. attention, memory, perception). Conclusion: Alcohol-induced impairments arise at a BAC far below 1.6 ‰, which marks the legal limit for a medical-psychological assessment (MPA) after drunk driving in Germany. The BAC limit in the current ordinance for assigning a medical-psychological fitness assessment cannot be confirmed on the basis of research findings. A reduction of this BAC limit to 1,1 ‰ is proposed.

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