Joint Trajectories of Peer Cyber and Traditional Victimization in Adolescence: A Look at Risk Factors

This study aimed to identify joint trajectories of peer cyber and traditional victimization from ages 13 to 17 and individual, family, peer, and school risk factors associated with group membership. The sample was composed of 1,194 adolescents (54.2% girls). Cyber and traditional victimization were assessed at ages 13, 15, and 17. The results first revealed a low/increasing and a high/decreasing trajectories for cybervictimization and a low/decreasing and a moderate/chronic for traditional victimization. Conditional probabilities suggested that cybervictims had a high probability of being victims on school grounds, whereas traditional victims were not necessarily the target of cybervictimization. Four joint trajectory groups were also identified. With the low victimization group as the reference category, the results revealed that different sets of predictors were associated with membership in the three other joint trajectory groups. The results are discussed in relation to intervention and prevention strategies.

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Developmental Offending Patterns: Female Offending Beyond the Reference Category

Criminal Justice and Behavior ◽

10.1177/0093854820966729 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 009385482096672

Author(s):

Kelsey Gushue ◽

Evan C. Mccuish ◽

Raymond R. Corrado

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Young Women ◽

Theoretical Models ◽

Self Report ◽

Female Adolescents ◽

Offending Trajectories ◽

Individual Family ◽

Female Offending ◽

School Risk Factors ◽

Offending Patterns

Compared with young men, justice-involved young women are often characterized by a greater array of risk factors, yet show a more limited pattern of offending. This paradox may be related to risk factors functioning differently not only for male versus female adolescents but also among female adolescents involved in offending. Data were used on 284 girls from the Incarcerated Serious and Violent Young Offender Study to address whether risk factors varied across different offending trajectories modeled between ages 12 and 23. Risk factors measured from self-report interviews were compared across the three trajectories identified. Individual, family, and school risk factors varied across trajectory groups, but not always in ways anticipated. Female offending does not appear to fit neatly within existing developmental criminology theory. Theoretical models should be adapted, or new models developed, to account for the complexities of female offending patterns.

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The Victim–Offender Overlap in Prison: Examining the Factors Associated With Group Membership

Journal of Interpersonal Violence ◽

10.1177/0886260519898427 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 088626051989842

Author(s):

Jane C. Daquin ◽

Leah E. Daigle

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Logistic Regression ◽

Small Proportion ◽

Group Membership ◽

Multinomial Logistic Regression ◽

Future Research ◽

Correctional Facilities ◽

Regression Analyses ◽

Prison Literature ◽

Factors Associated

Historically, criminologists have examined offending and victimization in the community as separate outcomes. Recently, however, researchers have begun to explore the shared commonalities of being an offender and a victim. The victim–offender overlap literature shows that victimization and offending are not different and distinct outcomes, but rather these outcomes share numerous risk factors. A close examination of the victim–offender overlap has not been done within the prison literature. Thus, it remains unclear whether there are commonalities among prisoners who offend while incarcerated and those who experience victimization. The focus of the current study is to (a) identify the proportion of the prisoners who were victims-only, offenders-only, victim–offenders, or neither victim nor offender and (b) identify the factors that predict membership into the four categories of the overlap. The current study used the 2004 Survey of Inmates in State and Federal Correctional Facilities with multinomial logistic regression analyses to examine which factors are associated with group membership into the victim–only, offender–only, or victim–offender groups in prison. Findings show that although the victim–offender overlap exists among prisoners, the majority of prisoners were neither a victim nor an offender. Victim–offenders and victims-only comprise only a small proportion of the sample. Findings also indicate that there are few unique factors across the groups. Results of the study have implications policy and future research.

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An overview of the risk factors that contribute to child labor in Turkey: Implications for research, policy, and practice

International Social Work ◽

10.1177/0020872812452177 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 57 (6) ◽

pp. 688-697 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Ozge Sensoy Bahar

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Child Labor ◽

Current Literature ◽

Research Policy ◽

Future Research ◽

Structural Factors ◽

Policy And Practice ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Individual Family

Child labor is a serious issue in Turkey. This article provides a review of the current literature on risk factors associated with child labor in Turkey. Emphasizing their multilayered nature, the article examines risk factors contributing to child labor in Turkey by clustering them under individual, family, and structural factors. Recommendations for future research, policy, and practice are also discussed.

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Two Sides to Every Fall: Patient and Nurse Perspectives

Critical Care Nurse ◽

10.4037/ccn2020289 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 40 (6) ◽

pp. 33-41

Author(s):

Linda M. Hoke ◽

Rachel T. Zekany

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Content Analysis ◽

Acute Care ◽

Fall Prevention ◽

Analysis Approach ◽

Cardiac Care ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Two Sides ◽

Cardiac Care Unit

Background Despite vast evidence describing risk factors associated with falls and fall prevention strategies, falls continue to present challenges in acute care settings. Objective To describe and categorize patient and nurse perspectives on falls and nurses’ suggestions for preventing falls. Methods To improve transparency about the causes of falls, nurses interviewed patients in a 48-bed progressive cardiac care unit who had experienced a fall. A content analysis approach was used to examine responses to 3 open-ended items: why patients said they fell, why nurses said the patients fell, and nurses’ reflections on how each fall could have been prevented. Results Over a 2-year period, 67 falls occurred. Main themes regarding causes of falls were activity (41 falls, 61%), coordination (16 falls, 24%), and environment (10 falls, 15%). Patients said they fell because they slipped, had a medical issue, were dizzy, or had weak legs. Nurses said patients fell because they had a medical issue or did not call for assistance. Conclusions Nurses and patients agreed on the causes of assisted falls but disagreed on the causes of unassisted falls. Nurses frequently said that the use of a bed alarm could have prevented the fall.

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An Ecosystemic Approach to Preventing Bullying in School. Risk Factors Associated with School

10.18662/wlc2021/27 ◽

2022 ◽

Author(s):

Tudorita Gradinariu ◽

◽

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Bullying Prevention ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Teachers Perceptions ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Systems Model ◽

Ecosystem Theory ◽

School Risk Factors ◽

Perceptions Of Bullying ◽

Individual Risk Factors

Previous research has shown that teachers play an important role in preventing bullying in school. Nowadays, there is a growing interest in understanding the risk factors associated with school such as the teachers’ perception of the severity of bullying and their response to bullies and victims. This paper presents risk factors associated with bullying and teachers’ perceptions within Bronfenbrenner’s (1977) classic ecological theory.According to this paradigm, changes are required in the environments with which children interact as they develop (family, school, community and society). By exposing the factors that trigger and maintain bullying, we aim to highlight the importance of Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems model in designing bullying prevention strategies. We will focus on the risk factors associated with school, chief among which is the, teachers' perceptions of bullying in school. Not only does this view contribute to optimizing the understanding of the importance of ecosystem theory for effectiveness prevention, but it also suggests that both research and prevention should focus on individual risk factors that influence teachers' reactivity to bullying behaviors.

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Modeling for Predictors of Knowledge Score on Etiology and Prevention Strategies for Cervical Cancer Among Women of Reproductive Age in Ibadan

JCO Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/go.20.00086 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 892-903

Author(s):

Imran O. Morhason-Bello ◽

Yusuf Olushola Kareem ◽

Isaac F. Adewole

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Knowledge Score ◽

Reproductive Age ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

Health Seeking ◽

Women Of Reproductive Age ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Poor Knowledge ◽

Factors Associated

PURPOSE Poor knowledge regarding cervical cancer in at-risk populations directly affects health-seeking behavior and is associated with high mortality among women with cervical cancer. This study aims to evaluate the knowledge of women regarding the causes, risk factors, and prevention strategies of cervical cancer. METHODS A multistage cross-sectional study of 1,002 women of reproductive age (18-49 years) in Ibadan was conducted. Knowledge of cervical cancer risk causes and prevention strategies was assessed using 13 and 9 question items, respectively. The knowledge score was graded as 0 (no knowledge), 1-4 (poor knowledge), or ≥ 5 (good knowledge). The proportional or partial proportional odds model was used to fit 3 models using the forward stepwise selection. All analysis was performed using Stata 15.0 (Stata Corp, College Station, TX). RESULTS The median age of participants was 29 years (interquartile range [IQR], 23-35 years). The median knowledge scores of participants on causes and prevention strategies of cervical cancer were 3 (IQR, 0-4) and 3 (IQR, 0-5), respectively. The assessment of knowledge on causes and prevention strategies for cervical cancer revealed that having multiple sexual partners and no previous opportunity for counseling on cervical cancer screening were factors associated with lower odds of knowledge. CONCLUSION The knowledge of women about the risk factors, causes, and prevention strategies of cervical cancer was poor. It is worrisome that poor knowledge was common among women with potential demographic risk factors for cervical cancer. We recommend innovative community mobilization to improve women’s knowledge of the risk factors associated with cervical cancer and prevention strategies.

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First cigarette smoking experience among secondary-school students in Aden Republic of Yemen

Eastern Mediterranean Health Journal ◽

10.26719/1999.5.3.440 ◽

1999 ◽

Vol 5 (3) ◽

pp. 440-449

Author(s):

A. A. Bawazeer ◽

A. S. Hattab ◽

E. Morales

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Cigarette Smoking ◽

Secondary School ◽

Secondary School Students ◽

Total Sample ◽

Home School ◽

Social Environments ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

School Students ◽

Factors Associated

The objectives of this study were first to estimate the prevalence of cigarette smoking among secondary-school students and then to identify and analyse the demographic, social and cultural risk factors associated with the first cigarette smoking experience. A sample comprising 1000 students was selected randomly. Results showed that 19.6% of the total sample smoked; 15.5% among females and 21.9% among males. Family and/or friends appeared to influence the first cigarette experience and thus prevention strategies should involve not only the students themselves but the home, school and social environments also

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Investigation of West Nile Fever Seroprevalence and Associated Risk Factors among Horses in Egypt

10.21203/rs.3.rs-135117/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Abdelfattah selim ◽

Ameer Megahed ◽

Sahar Kandeel ◽

Abdullah Alanazi

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Nile Delta ◽

Geographic Location ◽

Effective Control ◽

Prevention Strategies ◽

West Nile Fever ◽

West Nile ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Mixed Breed ◽

Nile Delta Of Egypt

Abstract Determination of the seroprevalence and risk factors associated with West Nile Fever (WNF) in horses is essential for adoption of effective prevention strategies. Our objective was therefore to determine the seroprevalence and identify the risk factors associated with West Nile virus (WNV) infection in the most densely horse populated provinces in Egypt. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 930 horses distributed over five provinces in the Nile Delta of Egypt in 2018. The randomly selected horses from geographical studied areas were serologically tested for WNF, and the horses’ information was obtained from owners. Four variables (geographic location, breed, gender, and age) were used for risk analysis. A total of 156 (16.8%) serum samples were serologically positive for WNV. The highest prevalence of WNV infection was between mixed breed (21.5%), male (26.4%) horses with age ≥ 15 years (68.1%). Age showed the highest risk for the infection with WNV (OR = 4.3, 95% CI 3.0 to 6.2). Gender and breed also showed important risk factors for WNF infection in horses (OR = 2.4, 95% CI 1.6 to 3.7; OR = 1.9, 95% CI 1.2 to 2.8, respectively). However, geographic location seems to have no impact on the seroprevalence of WNV infection among horses in the Nile Delta of Egypt. Our findings strongly recommend intensive surveillance and implementation of effective control and prevention strategies against WNF especially in male of mixed breed horses with ages ≥ 15 years.

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