Social-Ecological Predictors of Homophobic Name-Calling Perpetration and Victimization Among Early Adolescents

Bias-based aggression at school in the form of homophobic name-calling is quite prevalent among early adolescents. Homophobic name-calling is associated with low academic performance, higher risky sexual behaviors, and substance abuse, among other adverse outcomes. This longitudinal study examined risk and protective factors across multiple domains of the social ecology (individual, peer, family, school and community) and levels of analysis (within- and between-person) associated with homophobic name-calling perpetration and victimization. Students from four middle schools in the U.S. Midwest ( N = 1,655; [Formula: see text] age = 12.75; range = 10–16 years) were surveyed four times (Spring/Fall 2008, Spring/Fall 2009). For homophobic name-calling perpetration, significant risk factors included impulsivity, social dominance, traditional masculinity, family violence, and neighborhood violence; while empathy, peer support, school belonging, and adult support were significant protective factors. For homophobic name-calling victimization, significant risk factors included empathy (between-person), impulsivity, traditional masculinity, family violence, and neighborhood violence, while empathy (within-person), parental monitoring, peer support, school belonging, and adult support were significant protective factors.

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Examining the Relative Influences of the Risk Factors and Protective Factors That Affect Firefighter Resilience

SAGE Open ◽

10.1177/2158244020982610 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (4) ◽

pp. 215824402098261

Author(s):

Yunjo Song ◽

Jung Hee Ha ◽

Juliet Jue

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Social Anxiety ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Multiple Regression ◽

Peer Support ◽

Cognitive Bias ◽

Family Relations ◽

Final Analysis ◽

Full Time ◽

Socially Prescribed Perfectionism

The purpose of this study was to examine the relative influences of the risk factors and protective factors that affect firefighters’ resilience. Based on previous studies, we selected three risk factors and four protective factors. The former included cognitive bias, socially prescribed perfectionism, and social anxiety. The latter included deliberate rumination, self-encouragement, family relations, and peer support. A total of 330 full-time professional firefighters in Korea participated in the study, and we analyzed 271 questionnaires. We conducted multiple regression analyses and the results were as follows. The risk factors explained 43.7% of resilience and both cognitive bias and social anxiety showed significant negative influences. Meanwhile, the protective factors explained 52.6% of resilience and we found both peer support and self-encouragement to be significant. Finally, we included seven variables in our multiple regression analysis to verify their relative influences on resilience, and these variables explained 59.5% of resilience. In the final analysis, we identified cognitive bias, peer support, and self-encouragement as the relatively significant variables that affect firefighters’ resilience. We conclude this paper by outlining the relevant implications of our findings and discussing the study’s limitations.

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A prospective analysis of youth violence in adolescents: influence of depression, personality, social environment and media violence

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72237-4 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 26 (S2) ◽

pp. 530-530

Author(s):

C. Ferguson

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Family Environment ◽

Video Game ◽

Youth Violence ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Media Violence ◽

Positive Effects

ObjectiveUnderstanding youth violence remains a pressing issue of social concern. Identifying key risk factors for youth violence may help guide prevention and intervention efforts.AimsTo examine the relative impact of varying social influences related to family, community, mental health, television and video games on youth violence in a multivariate format.Study designThe current study involved a one-year prospective study of multiple risk and protective factors for youth violence in a Hispanic-majority sample of early adolescents. Multiple regression was used to examine risk factors from a multivariate format.ResultsResults find that current depression level was the most significant risk factor for youth violence. The influence of depression was most pronounced in individuals with preexisting antisocial personality traits. Risk and protective factors related to schools, neighborhoods, family environment or video game or television violence use were not predictive of youth violence.ConclusionsPotentially, prevention efforts which focus on mental health issues may demonstrate the most positive effects. The degree of resources and rhetoric spent on other factors, particularly television and video game violence may conversely proove unhelpful in reducing youth violence.

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Prospective Risk and Protective Factors for Juvenile Arrest Among Youth At Risk for Maltreatment

Child Maltreatment ◽

10.1177/1077559519828819 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 24 (3) ◽

pp. 286-298 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Anne S. Morrow ◽

Miguel T. Villodas ◽

Moira K. Cunius

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

At Risk ◽

Conduct Disorder ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Family Violence ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Chi Squared ◽

Youth At Risk ◽

Actuarial Risk ◽

Prospective Risk

This study aimed to prospectively identify ecological risk factors for juvenile arrest in a sample of youth at risk for maltreatment. Chi-Squared Automatic Interaction Detector analysis was performed with data from 592 youth from the Longitudinal Studies of Child Abuse and Neglect to identify the optimal combination of age 14 predictors of past-year arrest at age 16. Results extended previous research, which has identified being male, having more conduct disorder symptoms, suspension from school, perceived school importance, witnessing family violence, and having a jailed family member as key risk and protective factors for arrest by identifying important interactions among these risk factors. These interactions differentiate youth at the greatest risk of arrest, which, in this sample, were males with greater than two symptoms of conduct disorder who witnessed family violence. These findings suggest that longitudinal and multi-informant data could inform the refinement of actuarial risk assessments for juvenile arrest.

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Prevalence of victimization, and associated risk factors, impacting youth with disabilities in Vietnam: a population-based study

International Journal on Disability and Human Development ◽

10.1515/ijdhd-2014-0007 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 14 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Kristin L. Berg ◽

Cheng-Shi Shiu ◽

Huong Nguyen

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Family Violence ◽

Physical Violence ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Population Based ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Youth With Disabilities ◽

Relative Contribution ◽

Nationally Representative ◽

Associated Risk Factors

AbstractLittle research exists on the victimization of youth with disabilities in Asian countries. Yet, developing Asian countries, such as Vietnam, harbor a significant number of youth with disabilities, while services to address their needs often lag behind. The objectives of this study were to: 1) identify the prevalence of reported injuries due to family violence among youth with disabilities in a nationally representative sample of Vietnamese youth, and 2) analyze the relative contribution of disability status and other factors influencing variations in the prevalence of reported injuries. This study employed the 2003 Vietnam Survey Assessment of Vietnamese Youth (VNSAVY), the first nationally representative, population-based survey of 7584 adolescents and young adults in Vietnam. Data collection included face-to-face interviews and self-administered surveys. Weighted bivariate and multiple logistic regressions were used to investigate the relationship among disability, violence, and selected covariates. Results indicated that approximately 14% of Vietnamese youth reported having a disability. Among these youth, approximately 3% reported victimization, in comparison to 2% of able-bodied youth. The odds of youth with disabilities reporting injuries due to family violence remained 50% higher than those without disabilities, controlling for all other variables. Gender and alcohol abuse among family members were also significant risk factors in family violence. Youth with disabilities in developing Asian countries, such as Vietnam, may be vulnerable to physical violence. Preventative programs and services are thus needed to address the unique vulnerabilities of youth with disabilities in developing contexts by screening for victimization experiences and adapting trauma-informed behavioral health services and supports.

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A Review on Teen Drug Use: Risks and Protective Factors

International Journal of Indian Psychology ◽

10.25215/0202.027 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

Author(s):

Dr Rejani T.G

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Substance Abuse ◽

Drug Abuse ◽

Drug Use ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Peer Support ◽

Parental Monitoring ◽

Peer Pressure ◽

Parental Supervision ◽

Factors Associated

Drug use and abuse among adolescence is a major issue in a society. Studies have tried to determine the origins and pathways of drug abuse and addiction—how the problem starts and how it progresses. . Many factors have been identified that help differentiate those more likely to abuse drugs from those less vulnerable to drug abuse. Factors associated with greater potential for drug abuse are called “risk” factors, while those associated with reduced potential for abuse are called “protective” factors (NIDA, 1997).Studies have reported various risk factors associated with drug use among adolescents such as early aggressive behavior, disinhibition, peer pressure, drug availability, poverty, substance abuse, lack of parental supervision, attitude towards drug use and intentions to use drugs, negative family atmosphere, school difficulties and psychopathology (Wong, Tang and Schwarzer,1996 ; Rumpold et al , 2011). Protective factors such as parental monitoring and peer support were found to be associated with less drug abuse (Vitaro, Tremblay and Zoccolillo, 1999; Eggert and Herting, 1991).

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Risk and Protective Factors of Disordered Eating in Adolescents Based on Gender and Body Mass Index

International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health ◽

10.3390/ijerph17249238 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (24) ◽

pp. 9238

Author(s):

Marios Argyrides ◽

Elly Anastasiades ◽

Evangelia Alexiou

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Body Mass Index ◽

Eating Disorders ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Disordered Eating ◽

Body Mass ◽

Significant Risk ◽

Risk And Protective Factors ◽

Self Esteem ◽

Body Appreciation

The current study aimed to identify potential psychosocial risk and protective factors contributing to eating disorders in adolescents, and observe any differences between genders and Body Mass Index (BMI) categories. A cross-sectional survey was carried out with a total of 2605 (1063 male) adolescents, who were assessed for disordered eating, body-image satisfaction and investment, appearance/weight-related anxiety, situational dysphoria, media influences, self-esteem, and body appreciation. The results revealed that weight/appearance-related anxiety and situational dysphoria were the most significant risk factors for both genders. Pressures from the media posed a significant risk only for males and the internalization of the thin ideal only for females; however, the internalization of the athletic ideal did not pose as a significant risk factor. Compared to gender, these risk factors did not differ based on BMI. Additionally, body appreciation was found to be a robust protective factor (unlike global self-esteem) for both genders, and across all BMI groups. The findings indicate that the most significant risk and protective factors of eating disorders do not differ largely for male and female adolescents or different BMIs. Intervention and prevention programs would therefore benefit from the inclusion of exercises that reduce the constructs of weight/appearance-related anxiety and situational dysphoria, and promote body appreciation.

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A Model for Analyzing Suicide Prevention

Crisis ◽

10.1027//0227-5910.21.2.80 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 21 (2) ◽

pp. 80-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Maila Upanne

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Theoretical Model ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicide Prevention ◽

Suicide Risk ◽

Practical Work ◽

Individual Risk ◽

Self Assessment ◽

Prevention Project ◽

Individual Risk Factors

This study monitored the evolution of psychologists' (n = 31) conceptions of suicide prevention over the 9-year course of the National Suicide Prevention Project in Finland and assessed the feasibility of the theoretical model for analyzing suicide prevention developed in earlier studies [ Upanne, 1999a , b ]. The study was formulated as a retrospective self-assessment where participants compared their earlier descriptions of suicide prevention with their current views. The changes in conceptions were analyzed and interpreted using both the model and the explanations given by the subjects themselves. The analysis proved the model to be a useful framework for revealing the essential features of prevention. The results showed that the freely-formulated ideas on prevention were more comprehensive than those evolved in practical work. Compared to the earlier findings, the conceptions among the group had shifted toward emphasizing a curative approach and the significance of individual risk factors. In particular, greater priority was focused on the acute suicide risk phase as a preventive target. Nonetheless, the overall structure of prevention ideology remained comprehensive and multifactorial, stressing multistage influencing. Promotive aims (protective factors) also remained part of the prevention paradigm. Practical working experiences enhanced the psychologists' sense of the difficulties of suicide prevention as well as their criticism and feeling of powerlessness.

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Protective Factors and Suicidality in Members of Arab Kindred

Crisis ◽

10.1027/0227-5910/a000116 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 33 (2) ◽

pp. 80-86 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Sami Hamdan ◽

Nadine Melhem ◽

Israel Orbach ◽

Ilana Farbstein ◽

Mohammad El-Haib ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Protective Factors ◽

Suicidal Behavior ◽

Composite International Diagnostic Interview ◽

Diagnostic Interview ◽

Suicidal Risk ◽

Arab Population ◽

Psychiatric Interview ◽

History Of

Background: Relatively little is known about the role of protective factors in an Arab population in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Aims: To examine the role of protective factors in a subsample of in large Arab Kindred participants in the presence of suicidal risk factors. Methods: We assessed protective and risk factors in a sample of 64 participants (16 suicidal and 48 nonsuicidal) between 15 and 55 years of age, using a comprehensive structured psychiatric interview, the Composite International Diagnostic Interview (CIDI), self-reported depression, anxiety, hopelessness, impulsivity, hostility, and suicidal behavior in first-degree and second-relatives. We also used the Religiosity Questionnaire and suicide attitude (SUIATT) and multidimensional perceived support scale. Results: Suicidal as opposed to nonsuicidal participants were more likely to have a lifetime history of major depressive disorder (MDD) (68.8% vs. 22.9% χ2 = 11.17, p = .001), an anxiety disorder (87.5% vs. 22.9, χ2 = 21.02, p < .001), or posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) (25% vs. 0.0%, Fisher’s, p = .003). Individuals who are otherwise at high risk for suicidality have a much lower risk when they experience higher perceived social support (3.31 ± 1.36 vs. 4.96 ± 1.40, t = 4.10, df = 62, p < .001), and they have the view that suicide is somehow unacceptable (1.83 ± .10 vs. 1.89 ± .07, t = 2.76, df = 60, p = .008). Conclusions: Taken together with other studies, these data suggest that the augmentation of protective factors could play a very important role in the prevention of incidental and recurrent suicidal behavior in Arab populations, where suicidal behavior in increasing rapidly.

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