BREASTFEEDING: KNOWLEDGE, PERCEPTION, AND INTENTION TO PRACTICE AMONG FEMALE STUDENTS OF TERTIARY INSTITUTIONS IN EKITI, SOUTHWEST NIIGERIA.

Introduction Breastfeeding is a public health practice that is critical for the survival of infants and young children. This study aimed at determining the knowledge, attitude, and future intention to breastfeed among female undergraduates in tertiary institutions in Ekiti State, Southwest Nigeria. Methodology: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted among 1312 female students of the tertiary institutions in Ekiti State. By convenience sampling, female students were invited to participate in the study after giving verbal consent and those studying medical, nursing, and other courses allied to medicine were excluded. Internal consistency of the data obtained from this research instrument was determined using Cronbach’s coefficient Alpha with a reliability value of 0.82. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 25. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were computed. Results were summarized as frequencies and percentages. The differences in knowledge, attitude, and intention to practice breastfeeding as well as other responses among the participants were compared among age groups, faculties and the sources of information using Chi-square test. Result Although 93% of the respondents agreed that breast milk is important for the development of the infant’s brain thereby demonstrating good knowledge; 51.6% of the respondents demonstrated poor perception to breastfeeding believing breastfeeding makes the breast to sag while only 34% of the respondents indicated their intention to breastfeed their future babies. Conclusion The intention to breastfeed among our study participants was poor. This study revealed the need to increase awareness about breastfeeding and its benefits among this huge population of future mothers.

Download Full-text

The influence of varying maxillary central incisor vertical dimension on perceived smile aesthetics

Journal of Orthodontics ◽

10.1177/1465312519839713 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 46 (2) ◽

pp. 137-142

Author(s):

Elis Janaina Lira dos Santos ◽

Alana Moura Xavier Dantas ◽

Raíssa Marçal Vilela ◽

Karina Jerônimo Rodrigues Santiago de Lima ◽

Rejane Targino Soares Beltrão

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Educational Background ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Central Incisor ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Exact Test ◽

Maxillary Central Incisor ◽

Significant Difference ◽

Chi Square Test

Objective: To evaluate patient perception of the smile focused on analysis of the upper incisors. Design: Cross-sectional study. Setting: Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry at Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil. Participants: The sample consisted of 135 individuals (73 women and 62 men). Methods: Images with different characteristics associated with the incisal edges were shown at random and analysed using a Likert scale. Data were analysed using the Chi-square test or Fisher’s exact test with a statistically significant difference ( P < 0.05). Results: Smile I (difference of 1.5 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) was considered the most aesthetic, while Smile III (no difference in height between the central and lateral incisors) was the least aesthetic. A significant difference was found between perception of smile II (difference of 1 mm in relation to the central incisor and lateral) and age groups ( P < 0.005), with 31% (n = 13) of individuals aged 45–64 years considering smile II as not pleasant, 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years and 8.3% (n=4) aged 25–44 years and 4.4% (n = 2) aged 15–24 years considering the same. A significant difference was also found in relation to educational background of the assessor and smile perception, with smile III ( P = 0.0441) and smile IV ( P = 0.0053) considered the most aesthetic ( P = 0.0116). Conclusion: The smile considered most attractive among the sample was that with 1.5 mm steepness between the central and lateral incisors, while a flat smile arc was considered least attractive.

Download Full-text

Determinan pemberantasan sarang nyamuk pada ibu rumah tangga di Bogor

Berita Kedokteran Masyarakat ◽

10.22146/bkm.12170 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 32 (6) ◽

pp. 189

Author(s):

Mayumi Nitami ◽

Sri Tjahyani Budiutami

Keyword(s):

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Influential Factor ◽

Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Job Knowledge ◽

Control And Prevention ◽

Dengue Control ◽

Prevention Counseling

Determinants of dengue mosquito eradication (PSN) in the households in Bogor in 2016PurposeThis study aimed to determine the factors that affect of PSN on housewives in Cibinong and the factors found that influence were: job, knowledge, attitude, behavior of housewife, counselling, active jumantik, giving abatement and the number of container.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted using 125 housewifes in Cibinong sub-district. The statistical analysis used chi-square and multiple logistic regression tests.ResultsThis study showed that counseling and the existence of jumantik cadre were the determinants of the application of mosquito nest eradication. Counseling was the most influential factor on the application of mosquito nest eradication.Conclusion Dengue control and prevention counseling should be given to all age groups in the community regularly and it is recommended to reactivate jumantik cadres.

Download Full-text

A Retrospective study on the dynamics of the clinical and Demographical evolution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in the Yazd province, Iran

Chinese Journal of Medical Research ◽

10.37515/cjmr.091x.3305 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 80-83

Author(s):

Ali Fattahi Bafghi ◽

◽

Elham Rezaee ◽

Keyword(s):

Cutaneous Leishmaniasis ◽

Epidemiological Study ◽

Age Groups ◽

Epidemiological Data ◽

Educational Status ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Personal Hygiene ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

The Past

Leishmaniasis is considered as an important health problem in the world. Cutaneous Leishmaniasis is epidemic in all of places of Iran, this disease begins as small swells and then they gradually grow and turn into wounds. Since the epidemiological study of this problem is effective in preventing and controlling it. The current research was conducted to study the epidemiological study of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis in Yazd province during the past 5(2014-2018) years. This cross-sectional study has been conducted on registered information and documents of the patients having problem in Yazd province remedial and health care centers over the past 5 years. First, the registered demographic and epidemiological data of the patients were extracted and then they were analyzed by using SPSS 18 software with chi-square test and descriptive statistics.897 patients included 457 males (51.06%) and 439 females (48.94%). The majority of the patients were between nine 20-29 years old and the minority of them were over the range of 5-9 years old. Most lesions were on the hand and leg of the patients. It was also found that there was a significant relationship between age groups and types of Leishmaniasis (P<0.05) as well as gender and type Leishmaniasis (P<0.05). According to our study, there has been an ascending trend in disease frequency in Yazd province from 2014 to 2018. This increase in diseases due to lack of health and educational status of the people-is also a lack of personal hygiene.

Download Full-text

Prevalence and gender differences of buccally displaced canines of 12 years school children and 18-23 years adults in Shah-Alam, Malaysia

International Journal of Dentistry Research ◽

10.31254/dentistry.2021.6204 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 6 (2) ◽

pp. 39-42

Author(s):

Majda T. Elfseyie ◽

◽

Nagham M.A. Al-Jaf ◽

Mohamed I. Abu Hassan ◽

◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gender Differences ◽

School Children ◽

Treatment Plan ◽

Age Groups ◽

Clinical Signs ◽

Clinical Situation ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

And Gender

Background: The buccally displaced canines (BDC) are more commonly encountered conditions in orthodontic clinics. It is a positional variation result of several factors such as retained deciduous canines, crowding, and lateral incisors anomalous. Aims: To determine the prevalence and gender differences of one-two-three-four buccally displaced canines in the area of Shah-Alam, Malaysia. Methods: A cross-sectional study of 399 subjects; was consist of two age groups; 208 subjects of school children aged 12 years and 191 subjects of adults aged 18-23 years were examined clinically to determine the prevalence of BDC. Statistical analysis: The data were statistically analyzed using SPSS version 16; a Chi-square test was performed to assess the gender differences. Results: No gender differences were found in the school-children group while in the adults group a significant gender difference was found regarding one and four canine displacements (P < 0.05). The prevalence of one-two-three canine displacement was higher significantly between the two groups (P < 0.05). However, the frequency of one canine displacement was higher significantly in adult females and girls (P < 0.05). The frequency of three canines displacement was approximately equal in both genders. Conclusion: The frequency of one canine displacement was higher significantly in females. However, the frequency of four canines displacement was higher significantly in males. These features may help in providing additional clinical signs in diagnosis and interception of such clinical situation. It will be effective in treatment plan procedure if canine displacement is detected early, help clinicians on the prevention of impaction possibility.

Download Full-text

FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF HYPERTENSION IN ADULT STROKE POPULATION OF D.I.KHAN DIVISION, PAKISTAN

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.46903/gjms/17.03.2076 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 17 (3) ◽

pp. 81-89 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Nazafatul Ain ◽

Saira Khan ◽

Muhammad Marwat ◽

Nisar Khan ◽

Iftikhar Ahmad ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Frequency Distribution ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Medical College ◽

Stroke Population ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown the stroke as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for year 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine the frequency, distribution and determinants of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Department of Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, Pakistan from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. A sample 217 was selected with margin of error 5.59%, 90%CL and 50% prevalence of hypertension in 200,000 adults at risk of stroke population through consecutive sampling. All indoor adult patients of stroke were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of hypertension were variables. Frequency and distribution of hypertension were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 217 patients with stroke, 123 (56.7%) were men and 94 (43.3%) were women, 86 (39.6%) were≤60 years and 131 (60.4%) were>60 years, and 105 (48.4%) were urban and 112 (51.6%) were rural. Frequency of hypertension was 132/217 (60.83%). Out of 132 patients with hypertension, men were 74 (34.10%), women 58 (26.73%), age group≤60 years 46 (21.20%), >60 years 86 (39.63%), urban 72 (33.18%) and rural 60 (27.65%). Presence of hypertension was associated to residence (p=.023) but not to sex (p=.817) and age groups (p=.072). Conclusion: Frequency of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan was found to be similar as expected. Frequency was more in men, in older age group (of>60years) and in urban population. The presence of hypertension in adult stroke population of D.I.Khan Division was associated to residence but not to sex and age groups.

Download Full-text

Knowledge of Iranian Dentists, Dental Specialists, and Dental Students Towards COVID-19: A Preliminary Survey of 778 Subjects

Shiraz E-Medical Journal ◽

10.5812/semj.106515 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

Author(s):

Farzin Sarkarat ◽

Alireza Tootoonchian ◽

Marjan Hosseinpour ◽

Mehrzad Moghadasi ◽

Vahid Rakhshan

Keyword(s):

Healthcare Workers ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Dental Students ◽

Accurate Information ◽

Sources Of Information ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Factors Associated ◽

Chi Square Test ◽

Preliminary Study

Background: COVID-19 is a serious pandemic. However, no studies worldwide have assessed the knowledge of any healthcare workers, including dentists, towards COVID-19. Objectives: Given the importance of Iran as an epicenter of this disease, this preliminary study assessed the knowledge of dentists, dental students, and dental specialists towards COVID-19. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, a questionnaire with 23 questions (three regarding sources of information and 20 regarding knowledge) was developed through a pilot study. It was distributed electronically to dental professions/students, 778 of whom completed it. Factors associated with knowledge were assessed using the chi-square test in SPSS (α = 0.05). Results: Above 70% of the responders answered correctly to all questions, except for six more technical questions, including handwashing-related questions. Age, specialization, and attendance at lectures and meetings did not play a role in grasping accurate information (all P values > 0.1). Men had poorer information (P = 0.014), and the sources of information were mostly official websites and social networks (P = 0.000). Conclusions: Knowledge of dentists, dental students, and specialists towards SARS-CoV-2 is generally good, except in the case of more technical questions that need more education (especially regarding handwashing).

Download Full-text

Premenstrual Syndrome in Students of a Teaching Hospital

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v0i0.1213 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (2) ◽

pp. 253-257

Author(s):

Dhan Bahadur Shrestha ◽

Shreya Shrestha ◽

Debika Dangol ◽

Barun Babu Aryal ◽

Sabina Shrestha ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Teaching Hospital ◽

Premenstrual Syndrome ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Severe Form ◽

Female Students ◽

Premenstrual Symptom ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Profile ◽

Symptom Screening

Background: Premenstrual syndrome is group of psychosomatic symptoms which occurs during second half of menstrual cycle. Significant number of reproductive aged females suffer from it with its impact on their daily activities. This study was conducted to assess the prevalence, severity and impacts of Premenstrual syndrome on female students of a teaching hospital of Kathmandu, Nepal.Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among female students of a teaching hospital from Kathmandu over a period of three months. Premenstrual Symptom Screening Tool was used to quantify the symptoms severity and their effect in activities. In addition; patient profile, socioeconomic status were recorded. The obtained information was entered in Statistical Package for Social Sciences and analyzed. Findings were then interpreted using chi-square test.Results: Out of the 285 respondents, 206 (72.3%) reported at least one premenstrual syndrome symptom of moderate to severe intensity among which 74 (25.9%) had at least one severe symptom. Six individuals (2.1%) fulfilled all criteria for Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder and 49 (17.2%) fulfilled the criteria for moderate to severe premenstrual syndrome and rest (80.7%) were having no or mild premenstrual syndrome with isolated symptoms. PMS was found to have significant association to menstrual bleeding (p?0.001) and severity of dysmenorrhea (p?0.001), family history of premenstrual syndrome (p=0.019) and physical activity (p=0.021). Conclusions: Premenstrual syndrome is common in female and has a considerable impact on day to day activities activities although its severe form Pre-Menstrual Dysphoric Disorder is less common.Keywords: Female students; Nepal; premenstrual syndrome.

Download Full-text

FREQUENCY, DISTRIBUTION AND DETERMINANTS OF DIABETES MELLITUS IN ADULT ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME POPULATION OF D.I.KHAN DIVISION, PAKISTAN

Gomal Journal of Medical Sciences ◽

10.46903/gjms/17.04.2106 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 17 (4) ◽

pp. 131-143 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Muhammad Marwat ◽

Iftikhar Ahmad ◽

Fariha Ashiq ◽

Sania Ali ◽

Sher Zamir ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Acute Coronary Syndrome ◽

Frequency Distribution ◽

Goodness Of Fit ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

Age Group ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Coronary Syndrome ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Global Health Estimates 2015 has shown IHD as second leading global cause of death and 3rd leading global cause for DALYs for 2015. The objectives of this study were to determine frequency, distribution and determinants of DM in adult acute coronary syndrome (ACS) population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan. Materials & Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Departments of Ophthalmology & Community Medicine, Gomal Medical College, D.I.Khan, from February 1, 2017 to April 30, 2017. 331 cases were selected with margin of error 4.511%, 90%CL and 25% prevalence of DM in 73,438 adults assumed to have IHD. All indoor adult patients of ACS were eligible. Sex, age groups, and residence and presence of DM were variables. Frequency and distribution were analyzed by count and percentage. Hypotheses for distribution were substantiated by chi-square goodness-of-fit and of association by chi-square test of association. Results: Out of 331 patients with ACS, 225 (68.0%) were men and 106 (32.0%) women, 221 (66.8%) ≤60 years and 110 (33.2%) >60 years, and 210 (63.4%) urban and 121 (35.6%) rural. Frequency of DM was 79/331 (23.87%). Out of 79 patients with DM, men were 44 (13.29%), women 35 (10.57%), age group ≤60 years 57 (17.22%), >60 years 22 (6.65%), urban 53 (16.01%) and rural 60 (7.85%). Our prevalence of DM was lower than expected (p=.00214), our distribution by sex was similar to expected (p=.4993) while our distribution for age groups (p=.01209) and residence (p=.00005) were not similar to expected. Presence of DM was associated to sex (p=.011) but not to age groups (p=.0304) and residence (p=.5241). Conclusion: Prevalence of DM in adult ACS population of D.I.Khan Division, Pakistan was found lower than expected. The prevalence was more in men than women, more in younger age group (≤60 years) than older age group (>60 years) and more in urban than rural population. Our prevalence of DM was lower than expected, our distribution by sex was similar to expected while our distribution for age groups and residence were not similar to expected. The presence of DM was associated to sex but not to age groups and residence.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of internet gaming disorder in India: a technological hazard among adolescents

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20200450 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (2) ◽

pp. 688

Author(s):

Vamsi Krishna Undavalli ◽

Gobburi Sudha Rani ◽

Jonnalagadda Ravi Kumar

Keyword(s):

Internet Gaming Disorder ◽

Age Groups ◽

Smart Phone ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Gaming Disorder ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Adolescent Students ◽

Internet Gaming

Background: Internet gaming disorder (IGD) refers to the problematic use of on-line or off-line video games. Presently the prevalence of IGD among the adolescent group was between 1.3% to 19.9% and males reported more prevalence than females. Aims of this study was to know the prevalence and the various factors associated with the development IGD among adolescents.Methods: Settings and Design was to a cross sectional study was conducted among students of High schools for a period of 3 months from July 2018 - September 2018. Four hundred adolescent students were included in the study. English version of the DSM–5 short (9-item) dichotomous scale with cut-off point of five or more criteria was used for diagnosing the IGD.Statistical analysis used descriptive statistics were represented with frequencies and percentages. Chi-square and Fisher Exact tests were applied to find significance difference. P<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: An overall prevalence estimate of IGD was 3.50% among the school children and it is higher among male students (8.8%) than female students (0.8%) and it was found statistically significant with a p value of <0.001.Conclusions: The prevalence differences between Age groups, gender, class of the student and availability of smart phone with internet facility act as an important risk factors for the occurrence of IGD among adolescents.

Download Full-text

Oral hygiene practices and knowledge among children of age 10-13 years in a private school in Chennai, South India

International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health ◽

10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20204382 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 7 (10) ◽

pp. 4093

Author(s):

Aravind Sunderavel Kumaravel Kanagavelu ◽

Arun Chandran ◽

Jaya Brinda

Keyword(s):

Oral Health ◽

Private School ◽

Age Groups ◽

Cross Sectional Study ◽

P Value ◽

Chi Square ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Dental Floss ◽

Hygiene Practices ◽

Chi Square Test

Background: Oral health is an important and proven determinant of overall health and quality of life. It is well established that oral health and non-communicable diseases share common risk factors. Our study was designed to assess the practice and knowledge of oral health among 10-13 years old because at this age, lifelong beliefs and essential skills are developed.Methods: A cross-sectional study was done by randomly selecting students from V to VIII standards in a private school. Data was collected using a pre-designed questionnaire. The results were analysed using ‘Jamovi’ software with 'Pearson Chi-square test’ and a p-value of less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: Out of the 210 students, only around 1/3rd of the students used both brush with toothpaste, and dental floss to clean their teeth. 123 (58.6%) students brushed twice a day. The association between the frequency of brushing and the age groups was statistically significant. Gender played a role in the duration of brushing.Conclusions: It can be noted from our study that the oral practices and knowledge was better in 10-11 years olds than the 12-13-year olds and better in girls than in boys. Thus, oral education must be tailor made based on the calibre of a particular group instead of ‘one for all’ method.

Download Full-text