Judged Beauty of Fractal Symmetries

2021 ◽  
pp. 027623742199469
Author(s):  
Jay Friedenberg ◽  
Preston Martin ◽  
Naomi Uy ◽  
Mackenzie Kvapil
Keyword(s):  
Local Symmetry ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Vertical Orientation ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Different Levels

Fractals are patterns that show self-similarity at different levels of scale. Typically they appear in nature and this degree of similarity is approximate or statistical. However, artificial or exact fractals have also been studied and the advantage of these stimuli is the ability to more carefully control the relationships that occur across various hierarchies. In two experiments we studied the perceived beauty of a novel class of exact visual fractal in which we introduced reflection, rotation, translation, and random symmetries that repeated at a local and global levels. Rotation and reflection were consistently preferred to translation and randomness. Only reflected patterns were preferred at a vertical orientation. For all other symmetries there was no difference in preference between vertical and horizontal. In a second experiment we progressively eliminated the salience of local symmetry through opaque shading . Perceived beauty decreased with an increase in shading . For these patterns greater discriminability of their fractal quality makes them more aesthetically appealing.

scholarly journals A symmetry-derived mechanism for atomic resolution imaging

2020 ◽  
Vol 117 (45) ◽  
pp. 27805-27810
Author(s):  
Matus Krajnak ◽  
Joanne Etheridge
Keyword(s):  
Electron Probe ◽  
Local Symmetry ◽  
Symmetry Operation ◽  
Specimen Thickness ◽  
Transmission Electron ◽  
Scanning Transmission ◽  
Contrast Mechanism ◽  
Electron Intensity ◽  
Resolution Imaging ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

We introduce an image-contrast mechanism for scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) that derives from the local symmetry within the specimen. For a given position of the electron probe on the specimen, the image intensity is determined by the degree of similarity between the exit electron-intensity distribution and a chosen symmetry operation applied to that distribution. The contrast mechanism detects both light and heavy atomic columns and is robust with respect to specimen thickness, electron-probe energy, and defocus. Atomic columns appear as sharp peaks that can be significantly narrower than for STEM images using conventional disk and annular detectors. This fundamentally different contrast mechanism complements conventional imaging modes and can be acquired simultaneously with them, expanding the power of STEM for materials characterization.

Direct numerical simulation of axisymmetric wakes embedded in turbulence

2012 ◽  
Vol 710 ◽  
pp. 482-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elad Rind ◽  
Ian P. Castro
Keyword(s):  
Numerical Simulation ◽  
Direct Numerical Simulation ◽  
Decay Rate ◽  
Relative Strength ◽  
Decay Rates ◽  
The Self ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Self Similar ◽  
External Turbulence ◽  
Different Levels

AbstractDirect numerical simulation has been used to study the effects of external turbulence on axisymmetric wakes. In the absence of such turbulence, the time-developing axially homogeneous wake is found to have the self-similar properties expected whereas, in the absence of the wake, the turbulence fields had properties similar to Saffman-type turbulence. Merging of the two flows was undertaken for three different levels of external turbulence (relative to the wake strength) and it is shown that the presence of the external turbulence enhances the decay rate of the wake, with the new decay rates increasing with the relative strength of the initial external turbulence. The external turbulence is found to destroy any possibility of self-similarity within the developing wake, causing a significant transformation in the latter as it gradually evolves towards the former.

scholarly journals Fractality evaluation for pulmonary crackle sound using the Degree of Self-Similarity

2018 ◽  
Vol 154 ◽  
pp. 01038
Author(s):  
Achmad Rizal ◽  
Risanuri Hidayat ◽  
Hanung Adi Nugroho
Keyword(s):  
Respiratory Tract ◽  
Chaotic Behavior ◽  
The Self ◽  
Normal Lung ◽  
Complex Signal ◽  
Lung Sounds ◽  
Lung Sound ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
Sufficient Strength ◽  
Degree Of Similarity

Lung sound is a complex signal produced by the respiratory process. The complex signal has several properties including a chaotic behavior, fractality or self-similarity property. One of lung sounds that arise from abnormalities occurred in the respiratory tract is pulmonary crackle sound. In this study, we tested the degree of self-similarity of pulmonary crackle sound and examined whether the degree of similarity can be used as a feature to differentiate the pulmonary lung crackle sound with normal lung sound. The results showed the sufficient strength of the self-similarity nature of the pulmonary crackle sound. Meanwhile, a test using K-mean clustering produced an accuracy of 87.5% to differentiate between the pulmonary crackle sound and normal lung sound. It can be stated then that it is deemed important to take another feature to obtain higher accuracy. The high self-similarity degree indicates that a pulmonary crackle sound has fractals properties.

scholarly journals La Música en Educación Infantil: Análisis comparativo de los currículos autonómicos de España

2020 ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Alba María López Melgarejo ◽  
Norberto López Nuñez
Keyword(s):  
Political Party ◽  
Comparative Education ◽  
Autonomous Communities ◽  
Main Research ◽  
Childhood Education ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Curricular Elements ◽  
National Framework ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Different Levels

The transfer of the Spanish State to the Autonomous Communities with full competences in education during the last two decades of the 20th century, currently allows two different levels to be found where official curricula are developed: the national and the autonomous ones. This double conception is the starting point of this study where it is intended to delve into the differences and similarities of a specific curricular element, the contents. The purpose of this study is to establish the differences and similarities between the music content present in the curricula of the different Spanish autonomous communities and the Royal Decrees published that contain the minimum teachings for the second cycle of Early Childhood Education for the Spanish national framework. With its own methodological design within the field of Comparative Education and using the CARMEN questionnaire based on the comparative analysis of curricular elements as the main research instrument. The results reveal that the presence of the musical contents in the different blocks there are starting differences regarding the national documents taken as a reference. Changes in the contents of the regional documents with respect to their national documents were more frequent for the LOGSE period than in the LOE period. It has been verified that there is no influence of the political party present in order to establish a greater or lesser degree of similarity in the minimum teachings. Educational curricula are not used in Spain as an ideological tool at the service of the ideals of one political party or another.

scholarly journals Ribotypes of clinical Vibrio cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains in relation to O-serotypes

1998 ◽  
Vol 121 (3) ◽  
pp. 535-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. DALSGAARD ◽  
A. FORSLUND ◽  
H. F. MORTENSEN ◽  
T. SHIMADA
Keyword(s):  
Vibrio Cholerae ◽  
The United States ◽  
Dice Coefficient ◽  
Clonal Line ◽  
Genetic Changes ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Clonal Origin ◽  
High Level ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Different Levels

The emergence of Vibrio cholerae O139 in 1992 and reports of an increasing number of other non-O1 serogroups being associated with diarrhoea, stimulated us to characterize V. cholerae non-O1 non-O139 strains received at the National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Japan for serotyping. Ribotyping with the restriction enzyme BglI of 103 epidemiological unrelated mainly clinical strains representing 10 O-serotypes yielded 67 different typing patterns. Ribotype similarity within each serotype was compared by using the Dice coefficient (Sd) and different levels of homogeneity were observed (serotypes O5, O41 and O17, Sd between 82 and 90%; serotypes O13 and O141 Sd of 72; and O2, O6, O7, O11, O24 Sd of 62–66%). By cluster analysis, the strains were divided into several clusters of low similarity suggesting a high level of genetic diversity. A low degree of similarity between serotypes and ribotypes was found as strains within a specific serotypes often did not cluster but clustered with strains from other serotypes. However, epidemiological unrelated O5 strains showed identical or closely related ribotypes suggesting that these strains have undergone few genetic changes and may correspond to a clonal line. Surprisingly, 10 of 16 O141 strains studied contained a cholera toxin (CT) gene, including 7 strains recovered from stool and water samples in the United States. This is to our knowledge the first report of CT-positive clinical O141 strains. The closely related ribotypes shown by eight CT-positive strains is disturbing and suggest that these strains may be of a clonal origin and have the potential to cause cholera-like disease. Despite the low degree of correlation found between ribotypes and serotypes, both methods appears to be valuable techniques in studying the epidemiology of emerging serotypes of V. cholerae.

scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Tissue Localization of an F-Box Only Protein from Silkworm,Bombyx mori

2009 ◽  
Vol 2009 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yafang Shen ◽  
Tiancheng Zhang ◽  
Jianqing Chen ◽  
Zhengbing Lv ◽  
Jian Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cell Cycle Progression ◽  
Bioinformatic Analysis ◽  
Gene Encoding ◽  
Cycle Progression ◽  
Low Degree ◽  
Silkworm Pupae ◽  
Regulation Of Cell Cycle ◽  
F Box Protein ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Different Levels

The eukaryotic F-box protein family is characterized by an F-box motif that has been shown to be critical for the controlled degradation of regulatory proteins. We identified a gene encoding an F-box protein from a cDNA library of silkworm pupae, which has an ORF of 1821 bp, encoding a predicted 606 amino acids. Bioinformatic analysis on the amino acid sequence shows that BmFBXO21 has a low degree of similarity to proteins from other species, and may be related to the regulation of cell-cycle progression. We have detected the expression pattern of BmFBXO21 mRNA and protein and performed immunohistochemistry at three different levels. Expression was highest in the spinning stage, and in the tissues of head, epidermis, and genital organs.

The logic of a systemic paradigm in economics (On the book by G. B. Kleiner and M. A. Rybachuk “Systemic balance of the economy”)

2018 ◽  
pp. 128-135
Author(s):  
R. M. Nizhegorodtsev
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Global Economy ◽  
Utility Functions ◽  
Methodological Aspect ◽  
Economic Systems ◽  
Complex Task ◽  
Self Similarity ◽  
A Company ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Basic Substances

The key methodological aspect of the monograph under discussion is the principle of consistency. The authors develop the logic of systemic interaction of four types of substances — environment, object, process and project, the unity of which they call a tetrad. That quadruple principle of consistency is applied to various socio-economic systems — from enterprises and their units to the global economy. At the same time, the authors reveal a certain cyclicity in the development of economic systems of any level associated with the alternation of four basic phases, each of which is associated with one of the four basic substances. The monograph also explores the principle of nesting economic systems into each other, characterizing the presence or absence of fractality, self-similarity. Although this self-similarity has a substantial basis, but decision-making is influenced by the inner structure of utility functions of agents at different levels, aggregation of which is an independent and very complex task. Special attention is paid to “dismanagement”, i.e. decision-making based on the use of managerial dysfunctions. The authors advance the “animalistic” direction in the theory of a firm, trying to comprehend theoretically the category of the “soul of a company”.

Molecular assessment of genetic divergence in pea genotypes using microsatellite markers

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nilmani Prakash ◽  
Rajeev Kumar ◽  
V. K. Choudhary ◽  
Chandra Mohan Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Divergence ◽  
Field Pea ◽  
Similarity Coefficients ◽  
Starch Structure ◽  
Molecular Assessment ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Degree Of Similarity ◽  
Very High ◽  
Different Levels

A study addressing to biochemical and molecular characterization of nineteen pea genotypes was conducted during rabi – 2012. Study on starch structure indicated that all the field pea genotypes showed simple grains, whereas all the vegetable pea genotypes had compound grains, which looked irregularly star- shaped, indicating the importance of starch structure to distinguish the vegetable pea from the field pea. Out of 26 primer pairs, 10 exhibited different levels of polymorphism amongst the nineteen pea genotypes. A total of fourty-eight allelic variants were detected among them with an average of 4.8 alleles per locus. Cluster analysis grouped all the nineteen genotypes into two broad clusters. The large range of similarity coefficient revealed by SSR markers provided greater confidence for the assessment of genetic divergence and interrelationship among the predicted two groups of field and vegetable peas. A perusal of similarity coefficients clearly reflected that a very high degree of similarity exists between pea genotypes VRP-9 and FP9-552, whereas FP9-557 and HBG found more diverse, may be used in breeding programme to generate the more recombinants.

Dependence of Intergranular Fracture on Boundary Topography and Cohesion

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 150-151
Author(s):  
J. E. Doherty ◽  
A. F. Giamei ◽  
B. H. Kear ◽  
C. W. Steinke
Keyword(s):  
Grain Boundary ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Nickel Base Superalloy ◽  
Boundary Shear ◽  
Room Temperature Ductility ◽  
Solid Solution Matrix ◽  
Nickel Base ◽  
Solution Matrix ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Base Superalloy

Recently we have been investigating a class of nickel-base superalloys which possess substantial room temperature ductility. This improvement in ductility is directly related to improvements in grain boundary strength due to increased boundary cohesion through control of detrimental impurities and improved boundary shear strength by controlled grain boundary micros true tures.For these investigations an experimental nickel-base superalloy was doped with different levels of sulphur impurity. The micros tructure after a heat treatment of 1360°C for 2 hr, 1200°C for 16 hr consists of coherent precipitates of γ’ Ni3(Al,X) in a nickel solid solution matrix.

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