Serum Folate Binding Capacity in Patients with Solid Tumors

Total and unsaturated folate binding capacity (TFBC-UFBC) was measured in 44 normal volunteers and in 77 patients with solid tumors; of them 31 had a lung cancer, 18 a cancer of the gastrointestinal tract (GI), and 28 a breast cancer. With the exception of patients with cancer of the stomach, all the other groups showed a significant increase in TFBC. An increase in UFBC was statistically observed in patients with lung cancer and cancer of the GI tract. No correlation was observed in breast cancer between the presence of hormon receptors on cancer tissue and the value of TFBC. However, a significant increase in TFBC was noted in this group of patients when metastases were present.

Download Full-text

RNA Sequencing in Comparison to Immunohistochemistry for Measuring Cancer Biomarkers in Breast Cancer and Lung Cancer Specimens

Biomedicines ◽

10.3390/biomedicines8050114 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 8 (5) ◽

pp. 114

Author(s):

Maxim Sorokin ◽

Kirill Ignatev ◽

Elena Poddubskaya ◽

Uliana Vladimirova ◽

Nurshat Gaifullin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Rna Sequencing ◽

Expression Profiles ◽

Correlation Study ◽

Cancer Tissue ◽

Transcriptional Level ◽

Tissue Samples ◽

Protein Levels ◽

Formalin Fixed Paraffin Embedded

RNA sequencing is considered the gold standard for high-throughput profiling of gene expression at the transcriptional level. Its increasing importance in cancer research and molecular diagnostics is reflected in the growing number of its mentions in scientific literature and clinical trial reports. However, the use of different reagents and protocols for RNA sequencing often produces incompatible results. Recently, we published the Oncobox Atlas of RNA sequencing profiles for normal human tissues obtained from healthy donors killed in road accidents. This is a database of molecular profiles obtained using uniform protocol and reagents settings that can be broadly used in biomedicine for data normalization in pathology, including cancer. Here, we publish new original 39 breast cancer (BC) and 19 lung cancer (LC) RNA sequencing profiles obtained for formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) tissue samples, fully compatible with the Oncobox Atlas. We performed the first correlation study of RNA sequencing and immunohistochemistry-measured expression profiles for the clinically actionable biomarker genes in FFPE cancer tissue samples. We demonstrated high (Spearman’s rho 0.65–0.798) and statistically significant (p < 0.00004) correlations between the RNA sequencing (Oncobox protocol) and immunohistochemical measurements for HER2/ERBB2, ER/ESR1 and PGR genes in BC, and for PDL1 gene in LC; AUC: 0.963 for HER2, 0.921 for ESR1, 0.912 for PGR, and 0.922 for PDL1. To our knowledge, this is the first validation that total RNA sequencing of archived FFPE materials provides a reliable estimation of marker protein levels. These results show that in the future, RNA sequencing can complement immunohistochemistry for reliable measurements of the expression biomarkers in FFPE cancer samples.

Download Full-text

397 A phase I/II trial of intracerebroventricular 177Lu DTPA omburtamab radioimmunotherapy for leptomeningeal metastasis from solid tumors

Journal for ImmunoTherapy of Cancer ◽

10.1136/jitc-2021-sitc2021.397 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (Suppl 3) ◽

pp. A429-A429

Author(s):

Elena Pentsova ◽

Maria Düring ◽

Charlotte Lybek Lind ◽

John Rømer Nielsen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Cell Lung Cancer ◽

Leptomeningeal Metastasis ◽

Primary Objective ◽

Small Cell ◽

Lobular Breast Cancer ◽

Small Cell Lung

BackgroundLeptomeningeal metastasis (LM) from solid tumors may be diagnosed in approximately 10% of patients with metastatic cancer and can occur with virtually all malignant tumors. Median overall survival (OS) is poor and limited to a few months with LM-directed treatment, including available targeted therapy, immunotherapy and radiation therapy. Omburtamab specifically binds to B7-H3 (CD276), a transmembrane glycoprotein of the immunoglobulin superfamily. The limited expression of B7-H3 on normal cells, including normal brain, combined with the broad expression in various types of solid tumors, makes B7-H3 a target for radioimmunotherapy of LM from solid tumors. In this first-in-human trial the safety and efficacy of intracerebroventricular administration of radiolabeled omburtamab, 177Lu-DTPA-omburtamab, will be evaluated in patients with LM from ductal or lobular breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, or melanoma.MethodsThis is an open-label phase I/II study. Part 1 is a dose-escalation phase to be conducted at ~4 sites (US/Europe) with a primary objective of identifying the maximum tolerated dose and/or recommended phase II dose for Part 2 (RP2D). It will follow a 3+3 design with pts receiving up to five 5-week cycles of 177Lu-DTPA-omburtamab. Part 2 is a cohort-expansion phase at ~9 sites (US/Europe) in which a maximum of 48 patients in 3 cohorts (ductal or lobular breast cancer [cohort A], non-small cell lung cancer [cohort B], and melanoma [cohort C]) with up to 16 patients in each will receive up to five 5 week cycles of treatment with intracerebroventricular 177Lu DTPA omburtamab at the RP2D determined in Part 1. The primary objective of Part 2 is to establish the safety of repeat doses of 177Lu-omburtamab. Additional objectives of Parts 1/2 include the evaluation of absorbed radiation doses, PK profile, investigator-assessed response, duration of response, progression-free survival, and OS. Key inclusion criteria include diagnosis of either ductal or lobular breast cancer, non-small cell lung cancer, or malignant melanoma and diagnosis of recurrent or refractory LM; prior standard of care treatment of leptomeningeal disease; acceptable hematological, liver and kidney status; and a life expectancy of >2 months. The study has been approved by each institution’s ethics board, and patients provided informed consent before taking part.Trial RegistrationNCT04315246Ethics ApprovalThe study has been approved by each institution’s ethics board, and patients provided informed consent before taking part.

Download Full-text

Characteristics of Chest X-Ray in Patients with Cancer at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital Emergency Room during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Indonesian Journal of Cancer ◽

10.33371/ijoc.v15i4.835 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 15 (4) ◽

pp. 195

Author(s):

Bima Taruna Sakti ◽

Rosalina Rosalina ◽

Jaka Pradipta

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Pleural Effusion ◽

Pleural Effusions ◽

Hospital Emergency ◽

X Ray ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Cancer Hospital ◽

Hospital Emergency Room ◽

Chest X Ray

Background: Conventional chest X-ray (chest X-ray) in Dharmais Cancer Hospital emergency room (ER) is still the primary modality to diagnose patients with cancer with dyspnoea complaints. Chest X-ray was also carried out to screen inpatients at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital ER at the beginning of the COVID-19 pandemic in Indonesia. It was essential because patients in the Dharmais Cancer Hospital ER were patients with cancer, with low immunity and a high risk of being exposed to various infections. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the characteristics of chest X-rays in patients with cancer at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital ER during the COVID-19 pandemic in February-May 2020. Methods: This was a descriptive study. The population involved was all patients at the Dharmais Cancer Hospital ER who received chest X-ray support, with the inclusion criteria for diagnosing lung cancer, breast cancer, cervical cancer, colorectal cancer, and blood cancer (Leukemia) from February to May 2020. Data analysis employed univariate analysis by utilizing tables and graphs in presenting the data.Results: 289 samples met the research criteria. The highest visits were patients with breast cancer (41.2%). The most common thoracic images were pleural effusion (34.3%), followed by bronchopneumonia (31.1%), normal lung (16.6%), lung mass (7.6%), pneumonia (5.2%), and others (5.2%), consisting of atelectasis, bronchitis, fibrosis/chronic pulmonary process, pulmonary emphysema, cardiomegaly, and specific process. Besides, the chest x-ray bronchopneumonia was 31.1% (90 samples), accompanied by pleural effusion of 44.4%. From the chest X-ray, pleural effusions were 34.3% (99 samples), with lung cancer being the most common with pleural effusions (48.4%).Conclusions: More than 80% of chest x-ray performed in the ER are abnormal. Also, breast cancer is the highest in the Dharmais Cancer Hospital ER cases, with the highest chest x-ray of pleural effusion.

Download Full-text

Prevalence of Different Types of Cancer Among Patient in Najaf Province/ Iraq

Medical Science Journal for Advance Research ◽

10.46966/msjar.v2i2.22 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2 (2) ◽

pp. 71-75

Author(s):

Noor I. Abdul-Zahra ◽

Zahraa K. Taiban

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Bladder Cancer ◽

Brain Cancer ◽

Cancer Epidemiology ◽

The Other ◽

Cancer Center ◽

Different Types ◽

Holy City

This study was carried out in Middle Euphrates cancer center, laboratories department, Al-Najaf holy city - Iraq; Iraqi patients have been recorded during period January 2018 until December 2018. This study has demonstrated that four different types of the following cancers: Breast cancer, brain cancer, lung cancer and Bladder cancer were registered in this study. Comparison was occured among each type of cancer was regarded in sex, age and number. The highest levels of cancer among all the other types were breast and lung cancer , the majority results in cancer epidemiology for this study, which showed 22% and 8 % respectively. While in other types, the result has showed 6%, 4.7%,for Bladder cancer, and braian cancer, respectively

Download Full-text

Efficacy of Cancer Chemotherapy in Relation to the Pretreatment Number of Lymphocytes in Patients with Metastatic Solid Tumors

The International Journal of Biological Markers ◽

10.1177/172460080401900208 ◽

2004 ◽

Vol 19 (2) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 58

Author(s):

P. Lissoni ◽

F. Brivio ◽

L. Fumagalli ◽

G. Messina ◽

V. Ghezzi ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Colorectal Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Lymphocyte Count ◽

Metastatic Cancer ◽

Normal Lymphocyte ◽

Response To Chemotherapy ◽

Previously Treated

The evidence of lymphocytopenia has been demonstrated to predict a poor prognosis in terms of survival in advanced cancer patients. This finding is not surprising because of the fundamental role of lymphocytes in mediating tumor cell destruction. Despite the importance of lymphocytes in the pathogenesis of cancer, there are only few data about the profile and the function of lymphocytes during the various antitumor therapies, and in particular the relation between lymphocyte pretreatment number and response to chemotherapy remains to be established. The present study was performed to evaluate whether the evidence of lymphocytopenia before the onset of treatment may influence the efficacy of chemotherapy in metastatic cancer patients affected by the most frequent tumor types. The study included 183 patients (lung cancer: 89; colorectal cancer: 63; breast cancer: 31), 95 of whom had been previously treated with chemotherapy. The chemotherapeutic regimens consisted of oxaliplatin plus 5-fluorouracil and folates in untreated colorectal cancer, weekly irinotecan in pretreated colorectal cancer, cisplatin plus gemcitabine or etoposide in untreated lung cancer, weekly vinorelbine in pretreated lung cancer, and taxotere in breast cancer patients who had been previously treated with anthracyclines. Lymphocyte count was considered to be abnormally low for values below 1500/mm3. Lymphocytopenia was found in 79/183 (43%) patients, without any significant differences in relation to tumor histology. A complete response (CR) was achieved in 6/104 patients with a normal lymphocyte count and in none of the 79 lymphocytopenic patients. A partial response (PR) was obtained in 39 patients with a normal lymphocyte count and in only eight patients with a low lymphocyte count prior to therapy. Therefore, irrespective of the type of chemotherapy, the objective tumor response rate (CR + PR) in lymphocytopenic patients was significantly lower than in patients with normal pretreatment lymphocyte counts (8/79 vs 45/104; p<0. 001). This study shows that the evidence of lymphocytopenia prior to chemotherapy is associated with a lower efficacy of treatment in terms of objective tumor regression rates in patients with metastatic solid tumors, and suggests that the action of chemotherapy may depend at least in part on an interaction with the antitumor immunity. Pretreatment lymphocyte count may represent a new, simple biological marker to be taken into consideration by oncologists in the chemotherapeutic treatment of metastatic cancer.

Download Full-text

About Lung Cancer in Romania and Constanta County

ARS Medica Tomitana ◽

10.2478/arsm-2020-0029 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 26 (3) ◽

pp. 145-149

Author(s):

Severin Beatrice ◽

Broasca Madar Valentin ◽

Mocanu Elena ◽

Ionita Oana ◽

Chirila Sergiu

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Cause Of Death ◽

Patients With Cancer ◽

Common Cancer ◽

Incidence Of Cancer

Abstract Abstract: In Romania lung cancer represents the second most common cancer after breast cancer, for both sexes, and is the leading cause of death among patients with cancer. Between 2011 and 2019 the incidence of cancer had a growing trend for both Romania and Constanta County. Unfortunately, the forecast regarding the incidence of cancer in Romania shows a trend of continuous rise of new cancer cases until 332.7%000 inhabitants by 2025. In these conditions we wanted to analyze some aspects of lung cancer situation in Constanta County.

Download Full-text

The prevalence of KRASG12C mutations utilizing circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) in 80,911 patients with cancer.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2020.38.15_suppl.3547 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 38 (15_suppl) ◽

pp. 3547-3547 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Kyaw Thein ◽

Kimberly Banks ◽

Jennifer Saam ◽

Victoria M. Raymond ◽

Jason Roszik ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Lung Adenocarcinoma ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Squamous Cell ◽

Lung Carcinoma ◽

Cancer Type ◽

Squamous Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Cell Lung Carcinoma ◽

Tumor Types

3547 Background: Kirsten rat sarcoma viral oncogene homolog (KRAS) is the most commonly mutated proto-oncogene identified in cancer and still remains an arduous therapeutic challenge. Recently, KRASG12C mutation has become special interest since it has now been considered potentially druggable after the introduction of covalent small-molecule KRASG12C inhibitors. Advances in next-generation sequencing (NGS) and embracing utilization of ctDNA have uncovered more genetic alterations in many cancers. We present a comprehensive analysis on the prevalence of KRASG12C mutations identified by ctDNA. Methods: We conducted a 5-year (July 2014 to June 2019) retrospective review of ctDNA NGS analysis in the Guardant360 CLIA database inclusive of treatment-naïve and previously treated patients with metastatic solid tumors. Data were retrieved from the 80,911 unique patients with ctDNA detected. Clonality and co-occurrence of cancer type were analyzed. Clonality was defined as variant allele fraction(AF) / maximum somatic AF in the sample. Results: 80,911 patients, which included more than 100 tumor histologies, were identified. 2,985 patients (3.7%) with > 40 tumor types had KRASG12C mutations identified in ctDNA. KRASG12C prevalence by cancer type were as follows: sarcomatoid lung carcinoma (13.5%), lung cancer NOS (9%), large cell lung carcinoma (9%), lung adenocarcinoma (7.4%), NSCLC (6.9%), carcinoma of unknown primary (CUP) (4.1%), lung carcinoid (4%), CRC (3.5%), squamous cell lung carcinoma (2%), small cell lung carcinoma (1.5%), pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) (1.2%), cholangiocarcinoma (1.2%), bladder cancer (0.6%), ovarian cancer (0.6%) and breast cancer (0.3%). 53 additional patients with KRASG12C were identified across 24 other tumor types. The KRASG12C mutation was found to be clonal (clonality > 0.9%) in the majority of patients with lung adenocarcinoma, NSCLC, CUP, squamous cell lung carcinoma, and PDAC, compared to patients with CRC and breast cancer who had bimodal distribution of clonal and sub clonal mutations. Conclusions: To our knowledge, this is the largest analysis on the prevalence of KRASG12C mutations identified by ctDNA. Our study demonstrated the feasibility of utilizing ctDNA to identify KRASG12C mutations across solid tumors with the highest prevalence in lung cancer as previously reported in tissue. The clonality information available from ctDNA-based genotyping may provide insights into the clinical efficacy of targeting KRASG12C in different tumor types.

Download Full-text

Prognostic significance of 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine in solid tumors: a meta-analysis

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-019-6189-9 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 19 (1) ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Xiangcheng Qing ◽

Deyao Shi ◽

Xiao Lv ◽

Baichuan Wang ◽

Songfeng Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Overall Survival ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Prognostic Value ◽

Oxidative Dna Damage ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Prognostic Significance ◽

Cancer Prognosis ◽

Patients With Cancer

Abstract Background High level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) has been detected in almost all cancers, which make it become one of the best-characterized phenotypes in cancers. Though ROS plays an important role in tumors, the degree of oxidative stress can be better evaluated by assessing stable metabolites of oxidative reactions because of its high instability. 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), a product of oxidative damage to 2′-deoxyguanosine, is known as a useful marker for assessing oxidative DNA damage and has been a feature of carcinogenesis in several researches. But the exact prognostic value of 8-OHdG expression in patients with cancer is still unclear. Methods A comprehensive search was performed in PubMed, Web of Science, EMBASE. Eligible studies were included based on defined exclusion and inclusion criteria to perform a meta-analysis. STATA 14.0 was used to estimate pooled hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence interval (95% CI), the heterogeneity among studies and publication bias to judge the prognostic value. Results A total of 2121 patients from 21 eligible studies were included in the meta-analysis. A significant association was found between elevated 8-OHdG expression and poor OS (overall survival) in cancer patients (pooled HR 1.921, 95% CI: 1.437–2.570); In the subgroup analysis, race of sample, cancer types, detection method of 8-OHdG, sample classification, detection location of 8-OHdG and paper quality (score more or less than 7) did not alter the association between 8-OHdG expression and cancer prognosis. Furthermore, 8-OHdG expression was an independent prognostic marker for overall survival in patients with cancer (pooled HR 2.110, 95% CI: 1.482–3.005) using Cox multivariate analyses. Conclusions This meta-analysis found that highly expressed 8-OHdG in tumor tissues may be a predictor of prognosis in most solid tumors. However, especially in breast cancer, low 8-OHdG expression is associated with poor prognosis, which is partly because of the increased antioxidant mechanisms in breast cancer tissues. This study demonstrates for the first time that 8-OHdG expression is associated with the prognosis of cancer patients. In the future, whether the expression level of 8-OHdG can be used as a biomarker for the prognosis of all human cancers requires more research.

Download Full-text

Effect of the number of bone lesions on efficacy of zoledronic acid for prevention of skeletal-related events (SREs) in patients with bone metastases from solid tumors

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.8529 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 24 (18_suppl) ◽

pp. 8529-8529 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

N. Shirina ◽

R. E. Coleman ◽

Y. M. Chen

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Prostate Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Zoledronic Acid ◽

Bone Metastases ◽

Cancer Patients ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Morbidity Rate ◽

Bone Lesions ◽

The Mean

8529 Background: It has been postulated that greater numbers of bone metastases and thus greater tumor burden may lead to increased skeletal morbidity. To assess the effect that the number of baseline bone metastases may have on the efficacy of zoledronic acid in patients with solid tumors, we conducted a retrospective analysis of 3 large, randomized, controlled trials. Methods: Data were evaluated from the intent-to-treat population with breast cancer (n = 739), prostate cancer (n = 397), or lung cancer and other solid tumors (n = 480) who were treated with zoledronic acid 4 mg, pamidronate 90 mg, or placebo and had information available on number of baseline bone lesions. Patients were stratified into 2 groups: those with ≤ 3 bone lesions or > 3 lesions. Results: In general, patients with > 3 lesions had a higher skeletal morbidity rate (SMR) compared with patients with ≤ 3 lesions (Table 1), and zoledronic acid reduced SREs regardless of the number of bone lesions, but the benefit of zoledronic acid appeared greater in patients with > 3 lesions. In patients with lung cancer and other solid tumors who had > 3 bone lesions, zoledronic acid significantly reduced the mean SMR (P = .008) and significantly prolonged time to first SRE (median, 171 vs 84 day; P = .005) compared with placebo. In prostate cancer patients with > 3 bone lesions, zoledronic acid also significantly reduced the mean SMR compared with placebo (Table 1). In breast cancer patients with > 3 bone lesions, the mean SMRs were similar for zoledronic acid and pamidronate groups (Table 1). Conclusions: Patients with a greater number of bone lesions are at higher risk for skeletal complications and receive greater clinical benefit from treatment with zoledronic acid. [Table: see text] [Table: see text]

Download Full-text

Second solid tumors in patients with Hodgkin's disease cured after radiation or chemotherapy plus adjuvant low-dose radiation.

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.1996.14.9.2435 ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 14 (9) ◽

pp. 2435-2443 ◽

Cited By ~ 73

Author(s):

E Salloum ◽

R Doria ◽

W Schubert ◽

D Zelterman ◽

T Holford ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Breast Cancer ◽

Lung Cancer ◽

Solid Tumors ◽

Hodgkin's Disease ◽

Low Dose ◽

Early Stage ◽

Hodgkin’S Disease ◽

Latency Period ◽

Benign Tumors ◽

Early Stage Disease

PURPOSE Late solid tumors (STs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in long-term survivors of Hodgkin's disease. To investigate the carcinogenic potential of two different therapeutic approaches, we measured the relative risk (RR) of STs in patients with early-stage disease cured after primary full-dose (approximately 40 Gy) radiation therapy (RT) and in patients with advanced disease who were treated with chemotherapy followed by low-dose (15 to 30 Gy) involved-field radiation (CMT). PATIENTS AND METHODS Because therapy-induced STs generally begin after a latency period of 5 to 10 years, we restricted our analysis to patients treated before 1986 who achieved durable remissions. Patients who required salvage chemotherapy or who died of Hodgkin's disease were excluded from analysis. The RR of STs was calculated by dividing the observed number of cases by the expected number in a matched population from the Connecticut Tumor Registry. The actuarial incidence of STs was also measured. RESULTS A total of 197 patients formed the RT group and 116 the CMT group. The median follow-up period in the RT group was 12.8 years, versus 13.5 years in the CMT group. The overall RR of STs in the CMT group was 1.5 (95% confidence interval [CI], 0.6 to 3.5; P = .122). There were no cases of lung or breast cancer. In the RT group, the overall RR of STs was 3.3 (95% CI, 2.0 to 5.3; P < .001). There were seven cases of lung cancer (RR = 10.8; 95% CI, 5.3 to 22.2; P < .001) and two cases of breast cancer (RR = 2; 95% CI, 0.6 to 7.4; P = .07). All six benign tumors occurred in the RT group. CONCLUSION In patients cured by initial treatment for Hodgkin's disease, RT was associated with a statistically significant increase in STs, particularly lung cancer. CMT was not associated with a significant increase in STs. These data may have important implications for the design of newer therapies for early-stage Hodgkin's disease.

Download Full-text