Acute Interstitial Pneumonia in Mink Kits Inoculated with Defined Isolates of Aleutian Mink Disease Parvovirus

1994 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 216-228 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alexandersen ◽  
S. Larsen ◽  
B. Aasted ◽  
A. Uttenthal ◽  
M. E. Bloom ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Viral Inclusions ◽  
Mink Kits ◽  
Highly Virulent

The present study addressed the causal role of Aleutian mink disease parvovirus (ADV) in acute interstitial pneumonia in mink kits. All the examined isolates of ADV caused interstitial pneumonia in newborn kits, although the severity of disease and the mortality varied. These findings indicate that ADV is the direct causal agent of this disease in mink kits and that cofactors, which could have been present in the original ADV-K isolate, do not play a role. Acute interstitial pneumonia characterized by hypertrophy and hyperplasia of alveolar type II cells, intranuclear viral inclusions, interstitial edema, and hyaline membrane formation was experimentally reproduced in mink kits infected as newborns with five different isolates of ADV. Four hundred forty-nine newborn mink kits were included in the study, of which 247 were necropsied. The lesions caused by the different isolates were indistinguishable by histopathologic examination, but the incidence (50–100%) and severity (mortality of 30–100%. n = 218) of disease among the mink kits varied. Also, the content of ADV antigens in the lungs of infected kits varied among the groups. According to these features, the examined isolates could be placed in groups of high and low virulence. ADV-K, ADV-Utah I, and ADV-DK were in a highly virulent group producing a mortality of 90–100% ( n = 110) in mink inoculated as newborns. ADV-GL and ADV-Pullman belonged to a group of low virulence, with an incidence of clinical disease of 50–70% and a mortality of approximately 30–50% ( n = 118) in kits inoculated as newborns. The mortality in the control group receiving a mock inoculum was around 12% ( n = 34). The period from infection to development of fatal disease varied from approximately 12 days for the highly virulent isolates up to around 20 days for the isolates of low virulence. The 107 mink kits that survived inoculation with ADV as newborns developed lesions typical of classical Aleutian disease irrespective of the ADV isolate used. The lesions consisted of chronic immune complexmediated glomerulonephritis and infiltrations with mononuclear cells, including plasma cells in lung, liver, spleen, kidney, mesenteric lymph node, and intestine. Surviving kits also had hypertrophy of the bronchusassociated lymphoid tissue and focal subpleural, intraalveolar accumulations of large cells with foamy cytoplasm, so-called lipid pneumonia.

scholarly journals The Role of Pometone (Pomegranate seed oil) in Ameliorating the Deleterious Effect of Methionine Overload on Some Histological Aspects of heart and aorta in Female Rabbits (Part-II)

2014 ◽  
Vol 38 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70
Author(s):  
Baraa Najim Al-Okaily
Keyword(s):  
Cardiac Muscle ◽  
Muscle Fiber ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Corn Oil ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Aortic Tissue ◽  
Pomegranate Seed Oil ◽  
Pomegranate Seed

This experiment was aimed to investigate the role of pomegranate seed oil (PSO) in ameliorating the deleterious effects of methionine overload on some histopathological structure of heart and aorta in adult female rabbits. Thirty-Two female rabbits divided into four groups eight animals each, and treated for 42 days daily as follows: the first groups were drenched drinking corn oil, serving as control (group C), second group (group T1) were intubated orally with methionine 100mg/kg. B.W, while the third group (groupT2) were intubated orally with methionine 100mg/kg. B.W and pomegranate seed oil (PSO) 30 mg /Kg. B.W, and the animals in group T3 were intubated orally with pomegranate seed oil 30 mg /Kg. B.W. At the end of the experiment rabbits were sacrificed. Serial sections from the heart and aorta were prepared and examined microscopically. Histological examination of heart and aorta of methionine overload treated group (T1) showed edema ,RBCs and few neutrophils infiltration ,with vacuolar degeneration of cardiac muscle cells , fragment of muscle fiber, congested blood vessels between muscle fibers. An increase in thickness of intima, erosion and mononuclear cells infiltration in sub intima of aorta were also observed. Histological sections of heart and aorta in T2 and T3 groups showed the absence of histopathological lesions in aortic tissue with moderate edema between muscle fiber of T2 group as comparing to group T1. In conclusion, the results confirm the cardioprotective role of pomegranate seed oil by ameliorating the effect of methionine overload on cardiac muscle and aorta.

scholarly journals Role of Milk-Derived Opioid Peptides and Proline Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 in Autism Spectrum Disorders

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beata Jarmołowska ◽  
Marta Bukało ◽  
Ewa Fiedorowicz ◽  
Anna Cieślińska ◽  
Natalia Karolina Kordulewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Opioid Peptides ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Bovine Milk ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Significant Difference

Opioid peptides released during digestion of dietary proteins such as casein, were suggested to contribute to autism development, leading to the announcement of opioid excess hypothesis of autism. This paper examines role of enzyme proline dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPPIV; EC 3.4.14.5) and it is exogenous substrate, β-casomorphin-7 (BCM7) in autism etiology. Our study included measurements of DPPIV and BCM7 concentrations in serum and urine, which were analyzed with ELISA assays and activity of DPPIV was measured by colorimetric test. The effect of opioid peptides from hydrolysed bovine milk on DPPIV gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) in autistic and healthy children was determined using the Real-Time PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) method. Our research included 51 healthy children and 86 children diagnosed with autism spectrum disorder (ASD, ICDF84). We determined that the concentration of BCM7 in serum was significantly, 1.6-fold, higher in the ASD group than in controls (p < 0.0001). Concentration of DPPIV was found to also be significantly higher in serum from ASD children compared to the control group (p < 0.01), while we did not notice significant difference in enzymatic activity of serum DPPIV between the two study groups. We confirmed correlation according to the gender between analyzed parameters. The inspiration for this study emanated from clinical experience of the daily diet role in relieving the symptoms of autism. Despite this, we have concluded that milk-derived opioid peptides and DPPIV are potentially factors in determining the pathogenesis of autism; conducted studies are still limited and require further research.

scholarly journals The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Decreasing Interleukin-12 Human Systemic Lupus Erythematosus

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (A) ◽  
pp. 787-792
Author(s):  
Delfitri Munir ◽  
Rodiah Rahmawaty Lubis ◽  
Dewi Masyithah Darlan ◽  
Agung Putra ◽  
Iffan Allif
Keyword(s):  
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Stem Cells ◽  
Mesenchymal Stem Cells ◽  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Interleukin 12 ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Systemic Lupus ◽  
Control Group Design

BACKGROUND: Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) disease is characterized by a loss of self-tolerance leading to a local tissue inflammation up to a massive systemic organ-spesific inflammation. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) present immunomodulatory properties to control the over-activating immune responses in SLE through several mechanisms. However, the capability of MSCs to decrease interleukin (IL)-12 production in in vitro remains unclear. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the role of MSCs in decreasing the level of IL-12 derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of SLE patients. METHODS: This study used a post-test control group design using a coculture of PBMCs from SLE and healthy patients with MSCs as the subjects. This study included five groups: sham (Sh), control (C), and treatment groups (T) treated by a co-culture MSCs with PBMCs at ratio dose of 1:1 (T1), 1:25 (T2), and 1:50 (T3), respectively, for 72 hours of incubation. The IL-12 levels was analysed by cytometric bead array (CBA) of flow cytometry. RESULTS: This study showed a significant decrease of IL-12 levels (p < 0.05) in T1 and T2 after 72 hours incubation of co-culture MSCs with PBMCs from SLE patient. CONCLUSION: MSCs could decrease the level of IL-12 in PBMCs of human SLE to control the inflammation of SLE disease.

scholarly journals CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ Expressions in Skin Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (1) ◽  
pp. 7
Author(s):  
Társsila Mara Vieira Ferreira ◽  
Tiago Cunha Ferreira ◽  
Fernanda Maria Aragão Ximenes Porto ◽  
Conceição Da Silva Martins ◽  
Berlamino Eugênio Lopes Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Canine Leishmaniasis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Asymptomatic Group ◽  
G Ratio ◽  
E Cadherin

Background: In canine leishmaniasis (CanL), infection occurs through phlebotomine vectors that inoculate the protozoan Leishmania infantum into the skin that infected macrophages and activated dendritic cells (CD). Dogs with CanL present variable clinical manifestations, being common the presence of cutaneous lesions. The aim of this study was to evaluate the expression of CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+  associating the skin sentinels cells and to compare the clinical-dermatological manifestations in the skin of dogs naturally infected by L. infantum.Materials, Methods & Results: Dogs infected (n = 22) by L. infantum were divided into asymptomatic group (AD, n = 9), and symptomatic group (SD, n = 13), according criteria based on the presence or absence of skin changes. Dogs non-infected (CD, n = 5) were included as control group. Samples of skin biopsies collected from scapular region were processed by routine histology and labeled by immunohistochemistry with monoclonal antibodies against CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+, and were described as none, mild, moderate and intense. SD presented keratoconjunctivitis, onychogryphose, lichenification, depigmentation, alopecia, hypotrichosis, erythematous dermatitis, exfoliative dermatitis, ulcerative dermatitis and crusted dermatitis, and the frequency these alterations was expressed as percentage. The results of hematological and biochemical parameters were analyzed by Kruskal-Wallis test followed by the Dunn’s test and expressed as mean ± standard deviation, with values P < 0.05. Leukocytosis (not significant), red blood cells, hematocrit and hemoglobin (P < 0.05), total protein serum (P < 0.05), globulins (P < 0.05), albumin and A/G ratio (P < 0.01) were altered in SD in relation to CD. Cutaneous cellular infiltration, composed by macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils, was observed in CD. There was an increase of expression of the markers in SD when compared to the other groups, as moderate CD68+ expression and L. infantum, and intense CD45+ and E-cadherin+ expressions.Discussion: Cutaneous involvement is very important in CanL, as it corresponds to where is the first interaction between the parasite and the immune system. Dermatological clinical signs, leukocytosis, anemia, globulins levels have been reported for dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Inflammatory infiltrate was distributed at superficial and deep dermis, which was composed by mononuclear cells as macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. To characterize the immune sentinels cells in the skin it was evaluated CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions. In syntomatic dogs, our results revelead an increase of expression of these markers. CD45+ is one of the most abundant molecules expressed on the white blood cell surface in various mammals, while CD68+ is a myelomonocytic marker that seems to be retained during monocyte differentiation. In the skin, increased numbers of CD68+ are related to dendritic epidermal cells, which can be expressed as CD45+/CD1a-/HLA-DR+. DCs of the skin, particularly epidermal Langerhans cells (LCs), form networks anchored to neighboring keratinocytes via E-cadherin. Thus, CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions may be related to activation of skin sentinels cells in dogs naturally infected by L. infantum. Our results indicated that CanL modify the CD45+, CD68+ and E-cadherin+ expressions, which characterize the immune sentinels cells activation that promove the recruitment the cellular infiltrate, which was composed by macrophages, plasma cells, lymphocytes and neutrophils. Thus, these informations may contribute to the follow-up of CanL progression in skin.

Acute Interstitial Pneumonia in Mink Kits: Experimental Reproduction of the Disease

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (5) ◽  
pp. 579-588 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Alexandersen
Keyword(s):  
Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Electron Microscopic Examination ◽  
Alveolar Type ◽  
Type Ii Cells ◽  
Type Ii ◽  
Electron Microscopic ◽  
Alveolar Type Ii Cells ◽  
Acute Interstitial Pneumonia ◽  
Classic Form ◽  
Aleutian Disease Virus

Organ homogenates from kits that died of interstitial pneumonia were inoculated into adult Aleutian disease virus (ADV)-negative mink and shown to contain infectious ADV. Acute interstitial pneumonia was experimentally reproduced with the organ homogenate but only by inoculation of newborn kits born from ADV-negative dams. Older kits and kits from ADV-positive dams did not develop interstitial pneumonia, but later developed the classic form of Aleutian disease. Electron microscopic examination was done on purified suspensions of defined ADV isolates and on purified organ homogenates from kits with spontaneous or experimental interstitial pneumonia. In kits from both groups a virus, morphologically resembling the defined ADV isolates, was demonstrated. Findings of intranuclear inclusion bodies and intranuclear ADV antigen in alveolar type-II cells in affected lungs and the lack of immunologically mediated lesions suggest that lung lesions result from primary viral injury to alveolar type-II cells. Experiments also showed that infection of dams with ADV before pregnancy decreased the number of kits per mated dam and infection with ADV in mid-pregnancy caused fetal death, fetal resorption, or abortion.

scholarly journals A functional polymorphism in the promoter of miR-17-92 cluster is associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Huatuo Huang ◽  
Guijiang Wei ◽  
Chunfang Wang ◽  
Yulan Lu ◽  
Chunhong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ischemic Stroke ◽  
Chinese Population ◽  
Haplotype Analysis ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Gene Interaction ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Peripheral Blood Mononuclear ◽  
Mirna Clusters ◽  
Genotype Model

Abstract Background The microRNA-17-92 (miR-17-92) cluster is one of the most extensively studied miRNA clusters. Abnormal expression of the cluster has been found to play important role in different kinds of human diseases, including ischemic stroke (IS). The aim of our study was to investigate the association between three polymorphisms (rs1491034, rs9301654 and rs982873) in the promoter of the miR-17-92 cluster and risk of IS. Methods Three hundred and ninety-eight patients with IS and 397 control subjects were included. The genotypes of the three polymorphisms were determined by Snapshot SNP genotyping assay. Relative expression of the cluster in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) of cases and controls were examined by quantitative real-time PCR. Results Significant association between rs9301654 polymorphism and risk of IS were observed basing on genotype, model and allele analyses (GA vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.63, 95% CI: 0.41~0.97, P = 0.037; GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.07~0.78, P = 0.018; GA + GG vs. AA: adjusted OR = 0.57, 95% CI: 0.38~0.87, P = 0.009; GA + AA vs. GG: adjusted OR = 0.27, 95% CI: 0.08~0.89, P = 0.032; G vs. A: adjusted OR = 0.58, 95% CI: 0.40~0.83). Haplotype analysis showed that TGC and TGT haplotypes were associated with decreased risk of IS (OR = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.40~0.87, P = 0.007 for TGC haplotype; OR = 0.21, 95% CI: 0.06~0.75, P = 0.009 for TGT haplotype). Importantly, we found the expression of miR-17-5p was significant higher while miR-19a-3p was significant lower in patient with IS compared with the control group (P < 0.01), and patients with rs9301654GG or GA genotype displayed lower level of miR-19a-3p compared with the AA genotype (P < 0.01). Conclusions Our findings indicated that rs9301654 polymorphism in the promoter of miR-17-92 cluster may be associated with susceptibility of IS in the Chinese population. However, we found that rs9301654 polymorphism and its respective gene expression did not demonstrate consistent association with IS in the Chinese population. Further studies such as gene-gene interaction are warranted to reveal the role of miR-19a and its regulatory genes in the etiology of IS.

Cycloxygenase-2 (COX-2) Expression Is More in Clonal Plasma Cells.

Blood ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 106 (11) ◽  
pp. 5103-5103
Author(s):  
S. Paneesha ◽  
E. Leung ◽  
Anton Borg ◽  
Peter Rose ◽  
Alan G. Morris
Keyword(s):  
Bone Marrow ◽  
Cell Count ◽  
Cell Line ◽  
Plasma Cell ◽  
Mononuclear Cells ◽  
Plasma Cells ◽  
Median Plasma ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Rpmi 8226

Abstract Multiple myeloma is characterised by deregulated cytokine network with secretion of inflammatory cytokines. Recent studies have showed the independent poor prognostic value of COX-2 expression in myeloma. We have here studied the COX-2 expression in plasma cells from patients with myeloma, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS), Waldenstrom’s Macroglobulinemia (WM) and compared with the COX-2 expression by normal plasma cells. Methods: Our study included bone marrow samples from 34 patients (Lymphoma: 15; myeloma: 10; MGUS: 7; WM: 1; Amyloidosis: 1). Mononuclear cells were harvested from the bone marrow samples by density gradient sedimentation using Lymphoprep TM from Axis-Shield, Norway. Mononuclear cells were stained with PE conjugated CD 38 (BD Bioscience) and APC conjugated CD138 (BD Bioscience). FITC conjugated IgG against human COX-2 (Cayman Chemical) was used to study the expression of cycloxygenase-2 following permeabilization with fix and perm kit (Caltag). Flow cytometry was performed on a Becton Dickinson FACS vantage with appropriate isotype controls. The colorectal cell line HT- 29 and human myeloma cell line RPMI 8226 were used as positive controls and the flow results are validated by western blotting and Prostaglandin E2 EIA assay (Cayman Chemical). Results: HT-29 cell line showed a peak fluorescence of 58 for COX-2, where as RPMI 8226 cell line revealed peak fluorescence of 141. Median plasma cell count in bone marrow of patients with MGUS was 2 %( range 2–6%). Plasma cells from MGUS patients revealed median peak fluorescence for COX-2 was 37(range: 9–74). Median plasma cell count in bone marrow of patients with myeloma was 25% (range: 10–59%). Median peak fluorescence for COX-2 in plasma cells from patients with myeloma was 24(range: 10–85). Median plasma cell count in bone marrow of patients with lymphoma was 1 %( range1–4%). Median peak fluorescence for COX-2 in plasma cells from patients with lymphoma was 11(range: 2–38). Conclusions: Our study reveals COX-2 expression is more in clonal plasma cells as compared to normal plasma cells. Studies are needed to ascertain the role of COX-2 in oncogenesis in myeloma and to discover how COX-2 expression leads to poor outcome in patients with myeloma. This information may lead to the therapeutic role of selective COX-2 inhibitors in the therapy of myeloma.

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