Who is playing that wonderful music? Exploring predictors of playing a musical instrument

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (5) ◽  
pp. 642-656
Author(s):  
Stanislav Treger
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Number Of Factors ◽  
Almost All

Music is a phenomenon enjoyed by almost all people. Although music fans may believe that music is an important part of their lives, not every music appreciator decides to venture further by making music themselves. The purpose of this research was to investigate potential variables that may be associated with whether one plays a musical instrument. Specifically, I investigated the role of four individual difference variables that have previously been correlated with a number of factors related to music: openness to experience, self–music overlap (SMO), curiosity, and need for cognition (NFC). Results from two cross-sectional investigations ( ns = 369 and 295) revealed that all four variables were positively related to whether one plays a musical instrument. SMO mediated the relation between openness and whether one plays a musical instrument in all studies. Unlike hypothesized, curiosity and NFC did not serve as mediators to the openness–music link. Collectively, this research sheds light on the underexplored question of who plays musical instruments.

scholarly journals A Neurocomputational Theory of Nightmares: The role of formal properties of nightmare images

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick McNamara ◽  
Wesley J Wildman ◽  
George Hodulik ◽  
David Rohr
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Parameter Space ◽  
Computational Models ◽  
Computational Simulation ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Image Characteristics ◽  
Nightmare Disorder ◽  
Formal Properties

Abstract Study Objectives To test and extend Levin & Nielsen’s (2007) Affective Network Dysfunction (AND) model with nightmare disorder (ND) image characteristics, and then to implement the extension as a computational simulation, the Disturbed Dreaming Model (DDM). Methods We used AnyLogic V7.2 to computationally implement an extended AND model incorporating quantitative effects of image characteristics including valence, dominance, and arousal. We explored the DDM parameter space by varying parameters, running approximately one million runs, each for one month of model time, varying pathway bifurcation thresholds, image characteristics, and individual-difference variables to quantitively evaluate their combinatory effects on nightmare symptomology. Results The DDM shows that the AND model extended with pathway bifurcations and image properties is computationally coherent. Varying levels of image properties we found that when nightmare images exhibit lower dominance and arousal levels, the ND agent will choose to sleep but then has a traumatic nightmare, whereas, when images exhibit greater than average dominance and arousal levels, the nightmares trigger sleep-avoidant behavior, but lower overall nightmare distress at the price of exacerbating nightmare effects during waking hours. Conclusions Computational simulation of nightmare symptomology within the AND framework suggests that nightmare image properties significantly influence nightmare symptomology. Computational models for sleep and dream studies are powerful tools for testing quantitative effects of variables affecting nightmare symptomology and confirms the value of extending the Levin & Nielsen AND model of disturbed dreaming/ND.

UNDERSTANDING DIFFERENCES IN WEB USAGE: THE ROLE OF NEED FOR COGNITION AND THE FIVE FACTOR MODEL OF PERSONALITY

2001 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 391-398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy L. Tuten ◽  
Michael Bosnjak
Keyword(s):  
Product Information ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Web Usage ◽  
Five Factors ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
The Web

Using the Five-factor model of personality and Need for Cognition, the authors investigated the relationship between personality and Web usage. Of the five factors, Openness to Experience and Neuroticism showed the greatest association to Web usage. Openness to Experience was positively related to using the Web for entertainment and product information, while Neuroticism was negatively related to Web usage. Need for Cognition was significantly and positively correlated with all Web activities involving cognitive thought.

scholarly journals Public Perception of the Range of Roles Played by Professional Pharmacists

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (15) ◽  
pp. 2787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anita Majchrowska ◽  
Renata Bogusz ◽  
Luiza Nowakowska ◽  
Jakub Pawlikowski ◽  
Włodzimierz Piątkowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Perception ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Over The Counter ◽  
Social Objective ◽  
Counter Medication ◽  
Health And Illness ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Almost All

Background: Professional pharmacists should be directly involved in patient healthcare as members of therapeutic teams are not the only dispensers of medication. Public perceptions of the professional role of pharmacists is expressed through patients’ attitudes, trust, and expectations as health and illness consultants, or qualified retailers of medicines. This perception is influenced by numerous determinants, both health-related and social. Objective: This research intends to describe the range of social roles pharmacists play from the perspective of potential pharmacy customers/patients. Methods: The data presented in the article comes from cross-sectional survey-based research, undertaken in 2018, on a representative sample of 600 Polish adults. Results: Over-the-counter medication is purchased by almost all Polish adults, but they do not tend to ask for advice at pharmacies. Most respondents consider a pharmacist to be “a person qualified to sell medicines”, with some of the participants regarding pharmacists as “ordinary retailers”. A small number of respondents are interested in benefiting from pharmaceutical care, but the pharmacy is still perceived to be a point of purchase for medication. Conclusions: Respondents do not treat pharmacists as health advisors and reduce its role to that of dispensing medication. Sociodemographic variables have no significant effect on social perception of pharmacists.

scholarly journals Learning Media Applications and Introduction of Javanese Gamelan Musical Instruments Based on Android

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muchammad Sofyan Ariefbillah ◽  
Cindy Taurusta
Keyword(s):  
Health Sector ◽  
Problem Formulation ◽  
Traditional Music ◽  
Musical Instrument ◽  
Musical Instruments ◽  
Survey Method ◽  
The Times ◽  
Media Applications ◽  
Education Business

The role of technology, especially information technology, is very helpful in people's lives, from the aspects of education, business, to the health sector. In this day and age, many modern musical instruments have begun to shift the existence of traditional music, especially this typical Javanese musical instrument, namely Gamelan. With the development of the times, the public's interest in this traditional Gamelan instrument is decreasing. So that this application has a problem formulation, namely how to design and create an android application that concerns the introduction and learning of various types of gamelan musical instruments. This study aims to produce an application for the introduction of an Android-based gamelan instrument that can be used by all groups to be more familiar with and interested in learning and preserving gamelan instruments. This research was conducted with a survey method to obtain data or opinions to test this application. Based on the research that has been done, a conclusion can be drawn with this research which results in an application that can help and make it easier for people to know the various types of Javanese gamelan.

scholarly journals Do age and time of practice predict the development of life skills among youth futsal practitioners?

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-145
Author(s):  
Gabriel Lucas Morais Freire ◽  
Adson Alves Silva ◽  
José Fernando Vila Nova Moraes ◽  
Nathan Leonardo Gomes Costa ◽  
Daniel Vicentini Oliveira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Regression ◽  
Life Skills ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Skills Development ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Life Skills Development ◽  
Almost All ◽  
Total Life

La práctica del deporte ha sido considerada una de las principales herramientas para el desarrollo de habilidades para la vida entre los jóvenes participantes en el deporte. Este estudio transversal investigó el papel predictivo de la edad y el tiempo de práctica en el desarrollo de habilidades para la vida entre 207 practicantes de futsal masculinos, con edades comprendidas entre 12 y 17 años, del estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Los instrumentos utilizados fueron la Escala de habilidades para la vida deportiva y un cuestionario semiestructurado. El análisis de los datos se realizó a través del Análisis de varianza multivariante, la correlación de Spearman y la Regresión múltiple (p <.05). Los resultados mostraron una diferencia significativa (p <.05; rango η2 .036-.142) en todas las habilidades para la vida según el grupo de edad, evidenciando puntuaciones más altas para los adolescentes mayores. Además, los adolescentes más experimentados mostraron puntajes más altos en la meta sentada (p = .001, η2 = .074); resolución de problemas (p = .013, η2 = .042), comunicación (p = .003, η2 = .054) y habilidades para la vida total (p = .002, η2 = .057). Hubo una correlación significativa (p <.05) y positiva entre la edad y casi todas las subescalas de habilidades para la vida. La regresión múltiple reveló que solo la edad presentaba predicciones positivas hacia las habilidades para la vida. Se puede concluir que la edad es un predictor del desarrollo de habilidades para la vida entre los jóvenes practicantes de fútbol sala. The practice of sports has been considered one of the main tools for the life skills development among youth sport participants. This cross-sectional study investigated the predicting role of age and time of practice in the development of life skills among 207 male futsal practitioners, aged between 12 and 17 years, from the state of Pernambuco, Brazil. The instruments used were the Life Skills Scale for Sports and a semi-structured questionnaire. Data analysis was conducted through Multivariate Analysis of Variance, Spearman’s correlation and Multiple Regression (p<.05). The results showed significant difference (p<.05; η2 range .036-.142) in all life skills according to age group, evidencing higher scores for older adolescents. Further, more experienced adolescents showed higher scores at goal seating (p=.001, η2=.074); problems solving (p=.013, η2=.042), communication (p=.003, η2=.054) and total life skills (p=.002, η2=.057). There was significant (p<.05) and positive correlation between age and almost all life skills subscales. Multiple regression revealed only age presented positive prediction toward life skills. It can be concluded that age is a predictor of life skills development among youth futsal practitioners. A prática esportiva tem sido considerada uma das principais ferramentas para o desenvolvimento de habilidades para a vida entre jovens praticantes de esportes. Este estudo transversal investigou o papel preditivo da idade e do tempo de prática no desenvolvimento de habilidades para a vida em 207 praticantes de futsal do sexo masculino, com idades entre 12 e 17 anos, do estado de Pernambuco, Brasil. Os instrumentos utilizados foram a Escala de Habilidades para a Vida Esportiva e um questionário semiestruturado. A análise dos dados foi realizada por meio da Análise Multivariada de Variância, correlação de Spearman e Regressão Múltipla (p <0,05). Os resultados mostraram diferença significativa (p <0,05; η2 variando de 0,036 a 0,142) em todas as habilidades para a vida de acordo com a faixa etária, evidenciando escores mais altos nos adolescentes mais velhos. Além disso, os adolescentes mais experientes apresentaram pontuações mais altas nos assentos para as metas (p = 0,001; η2 = 0,074); resolução de problemas (p = 0,013, η2 = 0,042), comunicação (p = 0,003, η2 = 0,054) e habilidades totais para a vida (p = 0,002, η2 = 0,057). Houve correlação significativa (p <0,05) e positiva entre idade e quase todas as subescalas de habilidades para a vida. A regressão múltipla revelou que apenas a idade apresentou predição positiva em relação às habilidades para a vida. Pode-se concluir que a idade é um preditor do desenvolvimento de habilidades para a vida entre jovens praticantes de futsal.

Challenges, trust and performance in virtual teams: examining the role of openness to experience and preference for virtual teams

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Zaharie
Keyword(s):  
Virtual Teams ◽  
Personality Trait ◽  
Complex Adaptive Systems ◽  
Adaptive Systems ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Show Evidence

Purpose Building on the complex adaptive systems (CAS) framework, this paper aims to investigate the detrimental effect of virtual teams’ (VTs) challenges and the upholding role of trust on the members’ ratings of VTs’ performance. Also, the study examines the mediating role of the preferences for VTs and investigates the moderating function of the openness to experience personality trait on the relationship between challenges, trust and preference for VTs. Design/methodology/approach Cross-sectional survey data were collected from a sample of 498 university students in Romania and path analysis was used for data analysis. Findings The results show evidence of the harmful effect of VTs’ challenges on members’ ratings of VTs’ performance and reveal that trust boosts members’ ratings of VTs’ performance. The findings highlight the mediating role of members’ preference for VTs and show evidence that the openness to experience personality trait strengthens the negative effect of the challenges on members’ preference for VTs. Research limitations/implications Given the cross-sectional design of the study, inferences regarding the causal relationship between the variables cannot be made, and further longitudinal research is called for. Originality/value The study builds on the CAS framework and addresses the call for research to explore the variables that might contribute or impede VTs’ performance.

“What’ve I done to deserve this?” The role of deservingness in reactions to being an upward comparison target

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-25
Author(s):  
Erika J. Koch ◽  
Shawnee F.M. Totton
Keyword(s):  
Positive Affect ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Individual Difference Variables ◽  
Upward Comparison ◽  
Report Measure ◽  
Comparison Target

Outperforming others may be an ambivalent experience, simultaneously evoking pride and discomfort. Two experiments examined the role of deservingness in reactions to being an upward comparison target. Study 1 took place online and experimentally manipulated deservingness by modifying a self-report measure of Sensitivity about Being the Target of a Threatening Upward Comparison (STTUC). Participants predicted more distress and less positive affect under conditions of undeserved (vs. deserved) success; several individual difference variables moderated these effects. Study 2 systematically varied a confederate’s effort to manipulate the perceived deservingness of an outperformed person. Participants were especially likely to downplay their score in the presence of a confederate who appeared to work hard on a task but nevertheless performed poorly. Collectively, findings suggest that people respond most strongly to STTUC when a mismatch exists between deservingness and outcomes.

Interactions among culturally diverse personnel: an analysis of individual difference variables

2015 ◽  
Vol 34 (8) ◽  
pp. 705-725
Author(s):  
Miriam Moeller ◽  
Michael Harvey ◽  
Jane F. Maley
Keyword(s):  
Individual Difference ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Emerging Market ◽  
Cultural Beliefs ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Foreign Nationals ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Adjustment Difficulties ◽  
Individual Difference Variables

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to investigate attitudes toward interacting with foreign nationals from emerging and developed markets. Differences in attitudes are assessed using liability-of-foreignness factors. Design/methodology/approach – Purposive sample collected at a private university in Australia; hierarchical linear modeling approach examines differences across regions of Australia, Asia, Middle East, Europe, and North America; Type 2 moderated mediation procedures. Findings – Findings argue for variations across individual difference variables relative to the inclination to interact with emerging markets foreign nationals. Europeans’ willingness to interact with emerging market foreign nationals is diminished with high levels of tendency to stereotype, whereas North Americans’ willingness to interact with developed market foreign nationals is enhanced with high levels of tendency to stereotype. Research limitations/implications – Use of self-reported measures may limit validity and generalizability; cross-sectional data; common method variance. Practical implications – A greater consideration of cultural diversity inherent in the workforce allows for diminished adjustment difficulties. Acknowledgment and contextualization of diversity is not an option but a necessity upon which organizations must act to reach their fullest potential in respective foreign locations. Social implications – Supports greater respect for social and cultural beliefs, norms, and values. Respect has implications for relationships and performance. Originality/value – Content presents diversity issues within global organizations on their quest to employ global talent.

scholarly journals The Big Five, aesthetic judgment styles, and art interest

2018 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 764-775 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Afhami ◽  
Shahin Mohammadi-Zarghan
Keyword(s):  
University Students ◽  
Individual Difference ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Aesthetic Judgment ◽  
General Interest ◽  
Big Five Personality ◽  
Regression Analyses ◽  
Future Directions

The current study aimed to examine the associations between the Big Five personality dimensions, aesthetic judgment styles, and art interest. Participants (N = 253) were university students in Tehran, Iran. All participants completed measures of personality, aesthetic Judgment styles, and general interest in art. Results suggested that Openness to Experience was related to advanced styles of art judgment and interest in art-related activities. Regression analyses showed that sex (β = .18, t = 3.18, p = .002), Emotional Stability (β = .14, t = 2.47, p = .01), Openness to Experience (β = .18, t = 3.14, p = .002), symbolic aesthetic judgment style (β = .31, t = 4.63, p < .001), and concrete aesthetic judgment style (β = -.19, t = -3.25, p = .001) significantly predicted art interest. The role of personality and individual difference constructs in aesthetic judgment and art interest is discussed and future directions are outlined.

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