scholarly journals Co-production, multiplied: Enactments of sex as a biological variable in US biomedicine

2021 ◽  
pp. 030631272098593
Author(s):  
Madeleine Pape
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Order ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Preclinical Research ◽  
Scientific Object ◽  
Biological Variable ◽  
The Us ◽  
Policy Mandate

In 2016 the US National Institutes of Health introduced a policy mandating consideration of Sex as a Biological Variable (SABV) in preclinical research. In this article, I ask what, precisely, is meant by the designation of sex as a ‘biological variable’, and how has its inclusion come to take the form of a policy mandate? Given the well documented complexity of ‘sex’ and the degree to which it is politically and scientifically contested, its enactment via policy as a biological variable is not a given. I explore how sex is multiply enacted in efforts to legitimate and realize the SABV policy and consider how the analytical lens of co-production sheds light on how and why this occurs. I show that the policy works to reassert scientific and political order by addressing two institutional concerns: the so-called reproducibility crisis in preclinical research, and pervasive gender inequality across the institution of biomedicine. From here, the entity that underpins this effort – sex as a biological variable – becomes more than one thing, with enactments ranging from an assigned category, to an outcome, to a causal biological force in its own right. Sex emerges as simultaneously entangled with yet distinct from gender, and binary (female/male) yet complex in its variation. I suggest that it is in the very attempt to delineate natural from social order, and in the process create the conditions to privilege a particular kind of science and account of embodied difference, that ontological multiplicity becomes readily visible. That this multiplicity goes unrecognized points to the unifying role of an overarching ideological commitment to sex as a presumed binary and biological scientific object, the institutional dominance of which is never guaranteed.

scholarly journals The rule of rules

Public Choice ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alan Hamlin
Keyword(s):  
Political Economy ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Constitutional Political Economy ◽  
Rule Following ◽  
Rule Based

AbstractRules are central to the constitutional political economy (CPE) approach. On this approach, rules, of a variety of types and forms, are necessary for the emergence of a political and social order, so that all genuine political order is rule-based. The central role of rules within the CPE approach is examined starting from an explicit definitional discussion of the concept of a rule and including discussion of the nature of rule-following behavior, the supply of rules, and rule enforcement.

The Role of Evidence in the US Response to the Opioid Crisis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joshua M Sharfstein ◽  
Yngvild Olsen
Keyword(s):  
Drug Policy ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Policy And Practice ◽  
Political Processes ◽  
Track Record ◽  
Change Policy ◽  
The Us ◽  
Vested Interests ◽  
New Research

Abstract The National Institutes of Health is investing hundreds of millions of dollars into new research on opioids. As these studies yield insights and results, their results will have to change policy and practice before they can bend the curve of the epidemic. However, the US does not have a strong track record of translating evidence on drug policy into action. Three reasons for the translation gap are the historical legacy of drugs in the US, vested interests, and politics. Researchers can become engaged in policy and political processes to strengthen the US response.

Vom Problem einer demokratischen Ästhetik zur Ästhetik einer problematischen Demokratie

2021 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 321-339
Author(s):  
Astrid Franke
Keyword(s):  
American Revolution ◽  
21St Century ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Langston Hughes ◽  
Political Order ◽  
Common People ◽  
Philip Freneau ◽  
Muriel Rukeyser ◽  
Democratic Aesthetic

From the Problems of a Democratic Aesthetic to the Aesthetics of a Problematic Democracy In analyses of poems from the 18th, 20th and 21st century, this article juxtaposes different degrees of trust in a democratic political order and the role of poetry in it. Philip Freneau, who supported a radical interpretation of the American Revolution as initiating a new and better social order, searched for a democratic poetics commensurate with the value placed on common people. For Muriel Rukeyser and even more so, Langston Hughes in the 1930s, democracy felt threatened not only by fascism abroad but by racism and exploitation at home. In 2014, Claudia Rankines Citizen: An American Lyric registers, like Rukeyser and Hughes, the difficulties in constructing a consensual reality and pushes this notion much further; surprisingly, perhaps, her work continues to see art as important to alert us to this difficulty of modern democracies and divers societies.

scholarly journals Vinay Lal, The Fury of COVID-19: The Politics, Histories, and Unrequited Love of the Coronavirus, New Dehli: Pan Macmillan Publishing, 2020.

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. iv-xi
Author(s):  
Syed sami Raza
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Political Economy ◽  
Global Warming ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Political Systems ◽  
The Us ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Uk

This book is composed of a set of disparate essays that are grounded in history, political economy, and philosophy. These essays focus on a range of topics addressing different dynamics of the coronavirus pandemic. They include history of pandemics, governmental discourse on health and practical strategies, the role of WHO, neo-liberal economic order and consumerism, social order and human attitudes, nationalism and immigration, and global warming and climate change. Shedding light on these various dynamics, Lal exposes the high claims made by the powerful states like the US, the UK, and European states about their superior political systems, health care programs, and welfare services.

scholarly journals KESETARAAN GENDER DALAM LINGKUP PENDIDIKAN DAN TATA SOSIAL

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuni Sulistyowati
Keyword(s):  
Gender Equality ◽  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Gender Discrimination ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Dominant Party ◽  
The Family ◽  
Role Of Women ◽  
And Gender

Abstrak: Meskipun upaya penegakan keadilan dan kesetaraan gender terus disuarakan, nyatanya diskriminasi gender masih tetap eksis di masyarakat. Salah satu alasan yang mendasari ketidaksetaraan gender ialah masih dielu-elukannya paham partiarki yang memandang laki-laki sebagai pihak dominan dan mengesampingkan peran perempuan dalam tatanan sosial. Berangkat dari persepsi yang menganggap bahwa perempuan hanya disiapkan untuk menjadi seorang kepala dapur dalam keluarga menempatkan perempuan sebagai kaum yang termarjinalisasi dan tersubordir. Perempuan menjadi sasaran kekerasan dan pelecehan sosial yang mana dianggap sebagai kaum yang lemah dan tidak memiliki kuasa.Abstract:Even though efforts to uphold justice and gender equality continue to be voiced, in fact gender discrimination still exixts in society. One of the fundamental reasons for gender inequality is that the patriarchy concept is still praised who views men as the dominant party and ignores the role of women in social order. Departing from the perception that women are only prepared to be the head of the kitchen in the family, placing women as the marginalized and subverted people. Women become targets of violence and social harassment who are seen as weak and powerless.

“I’m not Always Laughing at the Jokes”

2011 ◽  
pp. 108-121
Author(s):  
Julie Faulkner ◽  
Bronwyn T. Williams
Keyword(s):  
Popular Culture ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Social Phenomena ◽  
American Students ◽  
The Us ◽  
Student Cohorts ◽  
On Line ◽  
Television Study

Humor in popular culture plays with our perceptions and sense of dislocation. The inherently ambiguous logic of humor allows for multiple interpretations of social phenomena, and constructs the world as arbitrary, multiple, and tenuous (Mulkay, 1988). At the same time, humor is one of the central elements of much of what young people find appealing in popular culture. Exploring the potential of humor to interrogate cultural assumptions, Australian and American students participated in a cross-cultural television study. The student cohorts then communicated on line, developing their reading of the sitcom in a cross-cultural forum. Their responses highlight the disruption to accepted patterns of social order that the play upon form, or parody, delivers. Through exploring ‘insider’ and ‘outsider’ readings of a television parody, this chapter explores how humorous conventions function to reflexively position readers, and thus invite critical readings of popular and engaging texts. It also examines broader questions of the role of the US in producing and distributing popular culture, and how readers might find creative and critical ways to deal with culturally disparate world views.

scholarly journals A 10-year follow-up study of sex inclusion in the biological sciences

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole C Woitowich ◽  
Annaliese Beery ◽  
Teresa Woodruff
Keyword(s):  
Biological Sciences ◽  
Biomedical Research ◽  
National Institutes Of Health ◽  
Follow Up Study ◽  
Single Sex ◽  
Biological Variable ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Male Subjects

In 2016, to address the historical overrepresentation of male subjects in biomedical research, the US National Institutes of Health implemented a policy requiring investigators to consider sex as a biological variable. In order to assess the impact of this policy, we conducted a bibliometric analysis across nine biological disciplines for papers published in 34 journals in 2019, and compared our results with those of a similar study carried out by Beery and Zucker in 2009. There was a significant increase in the proportion of studies that included both sexes across all nine disciplines, but in eight of the disciplines there was no change in the proportion studies that included data analyzed by sex. The majority of studies failed to provide rationale for single-sex studies or the lack of sex-based analyses, and those that did relied on misconceptions surrounding the hormonal variability of females. Together, these data demonstrate that while sex-inclusive research practices are more commonplace, there are still gaps in analyses and reporting of data by sex in many biological disciplines.

scholarly journals Gloc-9 as Organic Public Intellectual: Hip and Polished, Raw and Cool

Plaridel ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 25-48
Author(s):  
Lara Katrina Mendoza
Keyword(s):  
Gender Inequality ◽  
Social Order ◽  
Public Intellectual ◽  
Public Intellectuals ◽  
Political Will ◽  
The Public ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Public Sphere ◽  
Definition Of

This paper will present Aristotle Pollisco—the singer-rapper-songwriter known as Gloc-9—as an organic and a as-yet-unrealised public intellectual. The term “organic” describes Gloc 9’s lack of academic or institutional recognition. No academic institutions recognize his level of influence and power. As a public intellectual, however, Gloc-9 enjoys immense popularity with his core fanbase, which is largely made up of listeners from the lower classes. This paper uses both Antonio Gramsci’s definition of the organic public intellectual and Edward Said’s claim regarding the exhortation of public intellectuals who exercise their political will in the public sphere. Mikhail Bakhtin’s discourse on the carnivalesque will bolster this paper’s claim that Gloc-9 assumes the role of an organic public intellectual through his music. In attempting to confront powerful institutions, Gloc-9 upends the social order through his songs rather than engaging other public intellectuals and scholars in ideological discourse. The paper will closely examine five of Gloc-9’s chart-topping songs dealing with poverty, social injustice, gender inequality, and corruption.

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