Unraveling the Determinants of Fear of Crime Among Men and Women in Istanbul: Examining the Impact of Perceived Risk and Fear of Sexual Assault

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (9) ◽  
pp. 993-1010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mine Özaşçılar ◽  
Neylan Ziyalar
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
University Students ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Aggravated Assault ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Shadow Of Sexual Assault

Studies have examined university students’ fear of crime focusing on the relationship between the fear of sexual assault and fear of other crimes, termed the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis; however, no study to date has examined the shadow thesis in a Turkish context. Drawing on the shadow thesis, using a sample of 723 university students in Istanbul, this study focuses on the effect of fear of sexual assault and perceived risk of crime to general fear of crime among university students in Istanbul. Also, the predictors of fear of crime are explored to examine the relationship between lifestyle characteristics, constrained behaviors, and fear. The findings of the study supported the shadow thesis, indicating that fear of sexual assault shaped the nonsexual crimes, especially crimes involving face-to-face confrontations between the victim and offender. Furthermore, lifestyle characteristics are correlated with the men’s fear of nonsexual crimes, particularly fear of robbery, aggravated assault, and burglary home.

Fear of Violent Crime Among Men and Women on Campus: The Impact of Perceived Risk and Fear of Sexual Assault

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (2) ◽  
pp. 172-192 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi Lane ◽  
Angela R. Gover ◽  
Sara Dahod
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Violent Crime ◽  
Partner Violence ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Intimate Partner ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Combined Impact ◽  
The Impact

Prior research has consistently shown that women are more afraid of crime than men despite the fact that men are much more likely to be victims of all crime except sexual assault and intimate partner violence. The “shadow of sexual assault” hypothesis argues that women’s fear of sexual assault shadows their fear of other types of crime, particularly violent crime. Building on prior research by Ferraro (1996) and Fisher and Sloan (2003), this study examines the individual and combined impact of perceived risk and fear of sexual assault on fear of robbery and assault among college students. Findings indicate that fear of sexual assault is the stronger predictor of fear of crime for women and that perceived risk is the stronger predictor for men.

Is Women’s Fear of Crime Fear of Sexual Assault? A Test of the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis in a Sample of Swedish University Students

2018 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 511-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Caroline Mellgren ◽  
Anna-Karin Ivert
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Sexual Harassment ◽  
University Students ◽  
Sexual Violence ◽  
Violence Against Women ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Fear Of Rape ◽  
Shadow Of Sexual Assault

Prior research shows that women’s higher fear of crime compared with men can largely be explained by women’s fear of rape. Whether women’s higher fear can also be explained by fear of nonviolent sexual harassment has not been explored. This study tested the shadow of sexual assault hypothesis in a sample of almost 3,000 Swedish university students. Our results confirm previous tests of the shadow thesis on the effect of fear of rape. In addition, we show that fear of sexual harassment also explained differences in fear between men and women. Based on the findings, we recommend that strategies to reduce sexual violence should focus on the entire continuum of violence against women.

An Examination of the Shadow of Sexual Assault Hypothesis Among Men and Women in South Korea

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 386-405 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jaeyong Choi ◽  
Haneul Yim ◽  
Daniel R. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Crime Victim ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
South Korean ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Males And Females ◽  
Insight Into ◽  
Shadow Of Sexual Assault

Using a South Korean sample from 2010 National Crime Victim Survey, the current research examined the gender differences of fear of four different types of crime testing the shadow of sexual assault thesis, which asserts that sexual assault operates as a master offense for females. The current study provides insight into the robustness of the shadow hypothesis by controlling for various covariates (e.g., perceptions of the neighborhood and crime-related media consumption) that have been often omitted in this line of literature. Results show that the largest difference in fear between males and females was the fear of sexual assault, and based on coefficient comparison tests, fear of sexual assault was a stronger predictor of fear of other crimes among males than among females. The current study calls for future research to disentangle the shadow of sexual hypothesis in different settings and to conduct more studies specifically on men’s fear of crime.

Gender, Racial Threat, and Perceived Risk in an Urban University Setting

2020 ◽  
Vol 57 (5) ◽  
pp. 612-639
Author(s):  
Shannon K. Jacobsen ◽  
Jody Miller ◽  
Ntasha Bhardwaj
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Qualitative Interviews ◽  
Disadvantaged Community ◽  
Perceptions Of Risk ◽  
Urban University ◽  
Gender Similarities ◽  
Fear Of Rape ◽  
Shadow Of Sexual Assault

Objectives: We provide new insights about the role of gender, race, and place in perceived risk and fear of crime and discuss the possible boundaries of the shadow of sexual assault thesis, which attributes women’s higher levels of fear to their underlying fear of rape across a variety of ecological contexts. Method: Analyses are based on data from in-depth qualitative interviews with 34 undergraduates attending a diverse urban university in a highly disadvantaged community in the northeast. Purposive and theoretical sampling strategies were used, and thematic saturation was achieved. Results: We find striking gender similarities in students’ perceptions of risk and fear of crime in this particular context. Specifically, both women and men drew on their perceptions of disorder in the community when defining the threat of victimization, which they believed was robbery committed by the city’s African American male residents. Conclusions: The gendered shadow of sexual assault was surprisingly absent from students’ discussions, suggesting that it may not be as universal across context as previous research suggests. We argue that microlevel contexts and methodological factors may shape the shadow’s presence, nature, and strength in gendered fear and perceived risk.

THE IMPACT OF THE PHYSICAL ENVIRONMENT ON RESIDENTS’ SELF-RATED HEALTH: A CASE STUDY IN PENANG, MALAYSIA

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 109
Author(s):  
Massoomeh Hedayati ◽  
Aldrin Abdullah ◽  
Mohammad Javad Maghsoodi Tilaki
Keyword(s):  
Physical Environment ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Living Environment ◽  
Housing Quality ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
Environment And Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

There is continuous debate on the impact of house quality on residents’ health and well-being. Good living environment improves health, and fear of crime is recognised as a mediator in the relationship between physical environment and health. Since minimal studies have investigated the relationship, this study aims to examine the impact of the house quality on fear of crime and health. A total of 230 households from a residential neighbourhood in Malaysia participated in the study. Using structural equation modelling, the findings indicate that housing quality and fear of crime can account for a proportion of the variance in residents’ self-rated health. However, there is no significant relationship between housing quality and fear of crime. Results also show that fear of crime does not mediate the relationship between housing quality and health. This study suggests that the environment-fear relationship should be re-examined theoretically.  

scholarly journals Assessing the Impact of Street-View Greenery on Fear of Neighborhood Crime in Guangzhou, China

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Fengrui Jing ◽  
Lin Liu ◽  
Suhong Zhou ◽  
Jiangyu Song ◽  
Linsen Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Factors ◽  
Urban Areas ◽  
Fear Of Crime ◽  
Green Space ◽  
Learning Approach ◽  
Perceived Safety ◽  
Street View ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Physical Incivilities

Previous literature has examined the relationship between the amount of green space and perceived safety in urban areas, but little is known about the effect of street-view neighborhood greenery on perceived neighborhood safety. Using a deep learning approach, we derived greenery from a massive set of street view images in central Guangzhou. We further tested the relationships and mechanisms between street-view greenery and fear of crime in the neighborhood. Results demonstrated that a higher level of neighborhood street-view greenery was associated with a lower fear of crime, and its relationship was mediated by perceived physical incivilities. While increasing street greenery of the micro-environment may reduce fear of crime, this paper also suggests that social factors should be considered when designing ameliorative programs.

Psychological, Pedagogical and Drganizational Peculiarities of the Development of Students’ Volitional Qualities as a Factor of Success in Learning

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadiia Vientseva ◽  
◽  
Oleva Karapetrova
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Theoretical Analysis ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
University Students ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Educational Material ◽  
Academic Achievements ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Development Of Students

The article reports the results of the empirical study of the impact of volitional qualities development on the level of academic achievements of higher education institution students. The article gives a theoretical analysis of the main types of volitional qualities that affect the assimilation of educational material by students. There was established the level of their development and the relationship with academic achievements. The article also identifies the main psycho-pedagogical and organizational peculiarities that affect the success of mastering the knowledge by university students. The psychological and pedagogical recommendations for forming, developing and supporting the volitional sphere of students are developed.

scholarly journals The Impact of Gadget Use on the Aspects of Early Childhood Language Development during Covid-19

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 01-07
Author(s):  
Vebionita Megi Putri ◽  
Delfi Eliza
Keyword(s):  
Early Childhood ◽  
Language Development ◽  
Literature Study ◽  
Men And Women ◽  
Use Of Technology ◽  
Entire World ◽  
Learning At Home ◽  
The Government ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Children are generations or descendants as a result of the relationship between men and women, whether in marriage or not. Early childhood is an individual who is experiencing a period of very rapid growth, even though now the entire world is experiencing the Covid-19 pandemic, it is not an obstacle to children's development and growth. With the pandemic, the government is implementing learning at home, the use of technology media is the main key in online learning. This study aims to describe the impact of using gadgets in early childhood in the aspects of language development. This research was conducted using the literature study method in which journals, books and other sources reinforce this research.

scholarly journals The Impacts of Propensity to Worry and Fear of COVID-19 on Mental Health of University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-66
Author(s):  
Hacer BELEN
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
University Students ◽  
Emotional Stability ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Penn State Worry Questionnaire ◽  
Penn State ◽  
State Worry ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

Epidemics and pandemics are difficult periods for the affected community, specifically in the proliferation of mental health issues. In such adverse times, factors of psychological vulnerability such as propensity to worry and low emotional stability might have a detrimental effect on the mental health of the individuals. To investigate the impact of such factors on mental health, this study examined the impacts of propensity to worry and fear of COVID-19 on anxiety depending on the individuals’ levels of emotional stability. As a means of such investigation, this study was conducted based on quantitative data, and the research sample was selected using a convenient sampling method. Participants included 304 university students (71.6% were women and 28.4% were men; MAge = 22.37 ± 3.04) and responded to the Penn State Worry Questionnaire, Fear of COVID-19 Scale, Symptom Checklist-90 Revised, and 10-Item Personality Inventory. The moderated mediation analysis using PROCESS macro (Model 14) was performed to examine the study hypotheses. Results revealed that propensity to worry was associated with anxiety symptoms. Fear of COVID-19 mediated this link and emotional stability moderated the relationship between propensity to worry and anxiety. The findings showed that trait worry, trait emotional stability, and fear of COVID-19 are determinants of anxiety symptoms, suggesting that such factors are important in understanding these issues.

scholarly journals Videoconferencing Psychotherapy: a literature review of the perspective of relationships for patients and psychologists (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Cataldo ◽  
Shanton Chang ◽  
Antonette Mendoza ◽  
George Buchanan
Keyword(s):  
Literature Review ◽  
Therapeutic Alliance ◽  
Therapeutic Relationship ◽  
Active Role ◽  
High Demand ◽  
Face To Face ◽  
Patient Relationships ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Relationship

BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, people are being encouraged to maintain social distance. Technology is helping people to reschedule meetings from “face-to-face” interactions to remote videoconferencing. Psychologists are in high demand, due to an increase in stress as a result of COVID. Many seek to both keep treating their current patients, and welcome new ones, given the current high demand for their services. Videoconferencing provides an opportunity to do this. However, shifting treatment from face-to-face to the videoconferencing is not simple as both the psychologist and the patient miss the in-person information and cues, such as body language provides. OBJECTIVE A new theoretical framework is proposed to guide the design of future studies on the impact of the computer as a mediator of psychologist-patient relationships, and the influence of videoconferencing on the whole relationship process. METHODS A literature review has been conducted, screening studies focusing on communication, and the key concepts of therapeutic relationship and therapeutic alliance. RESULTS Studies report that patients are generally satisfied with videoconference therapy in terms of the relationship with their therapists and the establishment of the “therapeutic alliance”. However, psychologists report difficulties in establishing same quality of therapeutic relationship and therapeutic alliance. The analysed studies lead us to interpret data under a different perspective. A new model of relationship is proposed, along with further hypotheses. CONCLUSIONS It is important to consider the computer as having an active role in psychologists and patients’ relationships. CLINICALTRIAL

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